Mulheres que cometem abusos sexuais

Dissertação de mestrado em Crime, Diferença e DesigualdadeBiologicamente desconceituadas pela hegemonia androcentrista, devido a uma sociedade patriarcal, e sempre sub-representadas quando comparadas com os homens, as mulheres criminosas permaneceram, por isso, durante muito tempo afastadas dos estudos criminológicos. A criminalidade feminina é, sem dúvida, uma área onde é imprescindível continuar a desenvolver novas investigações, pois, podemos afirmar que a utilização de estatísticas criminais e da vulgarização dos actos criminais remetem a mulher criminosa, nomeadamente aquelas que cometem crimes sexuais, para a invisibilidade. Esta omissão e deficiência na literatura científica sobre os abusos sexuais perpetrados por mulheres fez-nos refletir sobre as razões desta quase nula existência. Desta forma, com este estudo, pretende-se colmatar alguns défices presentes ao nível do conhecimento científico, relativamente a esta temática. Esta dissertação procura, nomeadamente, entender os significados e perspetivas sociais dos crimes sexuais, na sociedade. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em (1) explanar experiências e conhecimentos de profissionais da área dos crimes sexuais, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com vista a recolha de informação, passível de alargar o conhecimento nesta temática, (2) analisar as perspetivas sociais da opinião pública relativamente aos crimes de abusos sexuais perpetrados por mulheres realizado através de um inquérito por questionário a uma amostra aleatória de 96 pessoas e (3) analisar os acórdãos de penas de mulheres reclusas pelos crimes de abusos sexuais, no Estabelecimento Prisional de Santa Cruz do Bispo Feminino. As principais conclusões desta pesquisa corroboram a existência de crimes sexuais perpetrados por mulheres em Portugal, em que as suas principais vítimas são menores, maioritariamente os próprios filhos, no entanto, esta não é uma realidade presente no imaginário da sociedade. Desta forma, é notória uma construção social da realidade criminal, ainda limitada ao nível destes comportamentos desviantes.Biologically discredited by androcentric supremacy and always underrepresented when compared with men, the criminal women remained away from the studies in Criminology area for a long time. Female crime is undoubtedly an area where the investigation must mandatorily be continued as the statistics and the trivialization of criminal acts concerning the female population make it almost invisible, especially for crimes of a sexual character. This omission and flaw in the scientific literature on the sexual abuse perpetrated by women has made us reflect on the reasons for the almost null existence of information. With this study, it is intended to fill some deficits present at the level of scientific knowledge in relation to this theme. This dissertation seeks to understand the meanings and social perspectives of sexual crimes in society. The methodology used in this study consisted of, (1) expounding experiences and the awareness of professionals in the area through semi-structured interviews for the purpose of collecting information, capable of broadening knowledge in this area, (2) analyzing the public opinion in relation to sexual abuse crimes committed by women, accomplished through a survey answered by a sample of 96 arbitrary people and (3) examining the verdicts of women, arrested for crimes of sexual abuse, in the Prison Establishment of Santa Cruz do Bispo Feminino. The main conclusions of this research corroborate the existence of sexual crimes perpetrated by women in Portugal, where their main victims are minors, mostly their own children. However, this is not the reality that the society is aware of. The social interpretation of the criminal reality is still limited to the level of these deviant behaviors

Bathroom Behaviors Regarding Oral Hygiene Items During COVID-19 Home Isolation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Brazil

Objective: To describe behaviors with oral hygiene items in single-bathroom households during the domiciliary isolation of individuals with positive \u27Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction\u27 (RT-PCR+) in southern Brazil. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with Research and Monitoring Sector of COVID-19 data from Palhoça, Brazil, of individuals aged ≥18 years, living in a single-bathroom household, who had an RT-PCR positive. A link of Google Forms was used. Socio-demographic information, characteristics during the home isolation, oral hygiene, and behaviors with oral hygiene items in the bathroom were collected. Descriptive stratified analyses according to age were conducted (<40 and ≥40 years). Results: Among 524 individuals, 36% were aged ≥40 years. During isolation, according to the behaviors with oral hygiene items in the household single-bathroom, 70% (95%CI 64.9-75.5) of the youngest participants reported sharing toothbrushes in the same container and 30% (95%CI 24.4-35.1) of the oldest; use of the same toothpaste was reported by 67% (95%CI 62.8-71.7) of the youngest and 33% (95%CI 28.3-37.3) of the oldest participants. For the outcome of sharing the same toothpaste, the chances for the youngest and the oldest to share the same toothbrush container was 11 times and 6 times more, respectively. Conclusion: The individuals related good oral hygiene habits; however, behaviors with oral hygiene items in the bathroom were neglected, especially by the younger individuals

Resistência e Representatividade do Movimento Negro: uma proposta para EJA/Fpolis

O artigo, elaborado durante o estágio obrigatório de licenciatura em História na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, pretende discutir sobre a resistência e representatividade do movimento negro na cultura midiática nas Américas, destacando a importância de se falar sobre o tema com os/as estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) de Florianópolis. A intenção é contribuir para que os/as estudantes desenvolvam um olhar crítico sobre a vivência negra na sociedade brasileira, tendo o/a professor/a relevante papel de mediador/a e facilitador/a na elaboração de pesquisas significativas e na reflexão sobre como o ensino de História pode contribuir nesse processo de aprendizagem

Influenza severe cases in hospitals, between 2014 and 2016 in Portugal

Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da GripeBackground: Since 2009, the Portuguese Laboratory Network (PLNID) for Influenza Diagnosis has integrated 15 Laboratories in mainland and Atlantic Islands of Azores and Madeira. This PLNID added an important contribute to the National Influenza Surveillance Program regarding severe and hospitalized influenza cases. The present study aims to describe influenza viruses detected in influenza like illness (ILI) cases: outpatients (Outp), hospitalized (Hosp), and intensive care units (ICU), between 2014 and 2016. Methods: The PLNID performs influenza virus diagnosis by biomolecular methodologies. Weekly reports to the National Influenza Reference Laboratory ILI cases tested for influenza. Reports include data on detecting viruses, hospital assistance, antiviral therapeutics, and information on death outcome. Were reported during two winter seasons 8059 ILI cases,being 3560 cases in 2014/15 (1024 in Outp, 1750 Hosp, and 606 in ICU) and 4499 cases in 2015/2016 (1933 in Outp, 1826 Hosp, and 740 in ICU). Results: The higher percentage of influenza positive cases were detected in Outp in both seasons, 18% during 2014/15 and 20% in 2015/16. In 2014/15,influenza cases were more frequent in individuals older than 65 years old and these required more hospitalizations,even in ICU. In 2015/16,the influenza cases were mainly detected in individuals between 15-64 years old. A higher proportion of influenza positive cases with hospitalization in ICU were observed in adults between 45-64 years old.During the study period,the predominant circulating influenza viruses were different in the two seasons: influenza B and A(H3) co-circulated in 2014/15,and influenza A(H1)pdm09 was predominant during 2015/16. Even when influenza A is notthe dominant virus, A(H3) and A(H1)pdm09 subtypes correlate with higher detection rate in hospitalized cases (Hosp and UCI), with higher frequencies in adults older than 45. Influenza B,detected in higher proportion in outpatients, was frequently relatedwith influenza cases in younger age groups: 0-4 and 5-14 years old. Conclusions: This study highlights the correlation of theinfluenza virus type/subtype that circulates in each season with the possible need for hospitalization and intensive care in special groups of the population. Circulation of influenza A subtypes can cause more frequentdisease in individuals older than 45, with need of hospitalization including intensive care. On the other hand, influenza B is more frequently associated with less severe cases and with infection in children and younger adults. Influenza B circulation might predict lower number of hospitalizations.The identification of influenza type in circulation,byPLNID ineach season, could guide action planning measures in population health care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndrome de Mccleery: Mccleery Syndrome

Introdução: A Síndrome de Mccleery foi descrita detalhadamente a primeira vez em 1951, por Mccleery. É um subtipo da Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico, causada pela obstrução não trombótica da veia subclávia, em que acomete adultos jovens (principalmente do sexo masculino) e atletas, em razão dos esforços repetitivos e da hipertrofia muscular da região torácica. Apresentação do caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 25 anos, atleta, apresenta quadro de dor intensa de início súbito em membro superior direito, seguida de edema e cianose. Relata piora do quadro ao movimentar o membro e melhora parcial com uso de analgésicos e repouso. A ultrassonografia com Doppler identifica compressão de veia subclávia. Realizada venografia que apresentou obstrução de veia subclávia no espaço costoclavicular. Discussão: Nesta síndrome, o espaço costoclavicular, especificamente, ganha destaque. Delimitado entre a primeira costela e a clavícula, onde passam os vasos subclávios e o plexo braquial. Seu diagnóstico é clínico, contudo deve ser associado a exames de imagem. O tratamento é direcionado de acordo com a etiologia e a presença ou não de complicações. Frequentemente a conduta inicial é o tratamento clínico, procurando aliviar os sintomas. No entanto, estudiosos vêm advogando intervenções cirúrgicas precoces, no intuito de evitar eventos trombóticos, limitações funcionais e restrições de mobilidade. Conclusão: O presente relato de caso faz-se importante como contribuição para o literatura  científica, de forma que haja melhor acesso e maior discussão acerca do tema nas plataformas acadêmicas

Pineocitoma causando Hidrocefalia: Pineocytoma causing Hydrocephalus

Introdução: O Pineocitoma é um tumor do sistema nervoso central de caráter benigno. Esse tipo histológico é infrequente correspondendo menos de 1% dos tumores intracranianos. A clínica apresenta desde hipertensão intracraniana até compressão de estruturas nervosas, associado a uma altíssima taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Apresentação do caso: Paciente com 23anos, sexo feminino, procurou serviço de emergência médica referindo cefaleia intensa de escala de dor 8/10, sem fatores precipitantes e sem melhora com uso de analgésicos ou anti-inflamatório, negou comorbidades e uso de medicações contínuas. Apresenta-se com muita dor, administrando medicação endovenosa para melhorar os sintomas. Foi solicitada uma Tomografia de crânio que evidenciou uma lesão sugestiva de meningioma, paciente foi internada e conduzida para cirurgia para retirada da lesão a qual foi constatada no histopatológico que se tratava de um Pineocitoma. Discussão: o diagnóstico é baseado na clínica, exames de neuroimagem, marcadores tumorais no líquor cefalorraquidiano, o histopatológico já é um exame definitivo, com a tomografia computadorizada de crânio é possível visualizar, massa com contorno bem delimitado, em torno de 3 cm de diâmetro, sendo possível encontrar hidrocefalia associada. O tratamento padrão ouro é ressecção cirúrgica completa, associando a radioterapia e quimioterapia. Conclusão: o tratamento mostra resultado de cura, visto que o Pineocitoma raramente evolui para metástase, resultando em um bom prognóstico devido a evolução tecnológica em tratamento e métodos diagnósticos

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genomics and epidemiology for gastric adenocarcinomas (GE4GAC): a Brazilian initiative to study gastric cancer

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings