Can mentally reinstating the context out loud benefit immediate and delayed memory recall in adult witnesses?

Objectives: Mental Context Reinstatement (MCR) is a cognitive mnemonic that increases memory recall across different age groups (Milne &amp; Bull, 2002). MCR requires witnesses to reconstruct the experienced event in their minds before verbally recalling it. A shortcoming of MCR is that there is no way to control whether the interviewee is complying with the instructions and engaging in the activity. To overcome this, the current study investigated if reinstating the context aloud (aMCR) will be as beneficial as conventional MCR.Design and method: We tested 70 adults in a between-subjects design using a mock-witness paradigm. Participants watched a video of a simulated car accident and were interviewed about it the following day and after a one-week delay. Half of the participants received aMCR and half traditional MCR instructions before recalling the event via free and cued recall tests. We also examined how comfortable participants felt when engaging in the different MCR versions and how they believed this mnemonic could improve their memory recall.Results: A preliminary analyses of total number of items recalled showed no significant difference between aMCR and traditional MCR. Furthermore, participants felt equally comfortable during aMCR and MCR.Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that aMCR is as effective as the traditional method. This is promising, as aMCR has the benefit of verifying that the mnemonic is implemented by the witness in the manner intended by the interviewer. In addition, it might benefit specific witness populations, such as older adults, by encouraging more effortful retrieval.Poster presented at the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iiiRG) Annual Conference 2022, Winchester, UK, 22/06/22 → 24/06/22 and theDivision of Forensic Psychology (DFP) Annual Conference 2022, Solihul, UK 14/06/22 → 16/06/22.<br/

Say it out loud:does mental context reinstatement out loud benefit immediate and delayed memory recall?

Mental context reinstatement (MCR) is a key part of the cognitive interview. However, police face challenges delivering MCR in real-life situations. Over the years, modifications have been made to make MCR more user-friendly for officers and ensure witness engagement. The current study evaluates the impact of vocalizing MCR generations aloud on mock-witness's immediate and delayed recollections. Participants watched a staged multiple-car collision and were interviewed about it the next day. Half verbalized mental images aloud (aMCR), while the other half kept them silent in their minds (cMCR). After a week, participants took part in a delayed recall attempt. No significant differences in immediate recall performance were found. During the delayed recall, participants who engaged in aMCR previously recalled significantly more and more correct details than those who received cMCR. aMCR might lead to more coherent representations in working memory, resulting in improved consolidation and better future recall

Going to the doctor

We aim to discover how fast our national health system can get back on its feet and regain the public’s confidence after a shock of the magnitude of COVID-19, by studying the evolution of health service appointment cancellations made by both health services and patients from 2020 to 2021. Is one year enough? Using cross sectional data on Portuguese mainland residents of at least 15 years of age, we conclude that from 2020 to 2021 both health services recovered (cancellations of appointments by the latter decreased 11.2 p.p.), and individuals regained confidence in them (cancellations by individuals decreased 4.7 p.p.)

A Internet e a WebQuest na área de Estudo do Meio no 1º Ciclo

As WebQuests são uma estratégia pedagógica que promove a investigação e a pesquisa na Internet, por parte dos alunos, de uma forma orientada mas autónoma. Trata-se de uma metodologia centrada numa aprendizagem cooperativa e colaborativa que pretende que os alunos se responsabilizem tanto pelo seu próprio processo de aprendizagem como pelo dos seus pares, desenvolvendo as capacidades de seleção, análise e síntese da informação e promovendo, desta forma, a construção partilhada do conhecimento. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso numa turma da investigadora, que teve como objetivo perceber de que forma a WebQuest pode contribuir para a melhoria da capacidade de pesquisa de informação, se a resolução da mesma desenvolve estratégias de colaboração e cooperação no trabalho de grupo bem como competências tecnológicas de produção e disseminação de informação. A recolha dos dados foi feita através de um conjunto diversificado de instrumentos (questionário, grelha de observação e grelha de análise dos produtos resultantes da WebQuest). As conclusões demonstram que esta WebQuest desenvolveu nos alunos da turma competências de caráter cooperativo e colaborativo, promovendo uma aprendizagem construtivista. Mostra ainda que as WebQuests promovem uma familiarização dos alunos com as tecnologias e com a pesquisa de informação em locais diferentes dos usais na sala de aula, capacitando-os com novas literacias essenciais para o sucesso na sociedade de informação em que estamos inseridos.WebQuests are a pedagogical strategy that promotes a guided but autonomous investigation and research on the Internet by students. It is a methodology focused on cooperative and collaborative learning which intends that students take responsibility, both for their own learning process and for their peers, developing their skills of information selection, analysis and synthesis and, thus, promoting the shared construction of knowledge. A case study was developed in the reseracher´s classes in order to understand how a WebQuest can contribute to improving the ability to search for information, if its resolution develops collaboration and cooperation strategies in group work and what is the student’s feedback regarding the work done. The collection of data was made by using an initial questionnaire to determine the level of digital literacy of students, by filling in observation grids during the investigation and, at the end of the research, a second questionnaire was applied to gauge students' opinions about the task proposed in the WebQuest. A documental analysis of the students’ final products was also made in order to assess the learning underpinned by this teaching strategy. The findings of this study prove that this WebQuest developed cooperative and collaborative natured skills in students, promoting a constructivist learning. This study also shows that WebQuests encourage students to get in touch or to be in contact with technologies and with information research in different sites, in the classroom, enabling them with new and essential literacies to be successful in the information society in which we are integrated.CIE

Diferenças Antropológicas e Tradução Cultural Estudo empírico sobre os fatores que determinam o esforço de adaptação e/ou estandardização da comunicação internacional

Neste trabalho, que estuda as "Diferenças Antropológicas e Tradução Cultural: Um Estudo Empírico sobre os Fatores de Adaptação e/ou Estandardização da Comunicação Internacional”, foi feito um estudo empírico que incidiu na Influência dos Pais na Perceção e Gestão do Dinheiro por parte dos Jovens Estudantes Universitários Portugueses e Erasmus+/Internacionais.N/

Do som ao ruído: uma abordagem na educação pré-escolar

O presente relatório de estágio enquadra-se no âmbito da unidade curricular Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada e aborda o desenvolvimento de um projeto de intervenção-investigação com tema central a poluição sonora num grupo de crianças da educação pré-escolar. Cada vez mais a população está exposta ao ruído e, como tal, é importante as crianças serem instruídas a saberem como se podem defender da poluição sonora e quais são os seus efeitos. Neste sentido, definiram-se como objetivos do projeto: i. Conceber, planificar e implementar um projeto sobre o som e a poluição sonora com crianças; ii. Avaliar as potencialidades e limitações do projeto desenvolvido na mobilização de aprendizagens das crianças; iii. Avaliar os efeitos da conceção, planificação e implementação do Projeto de intervenção-investigação no desenvolvimento pré-profissional da professora estagiária. O projeto de intervenção-investigação englobou várias técnicas de recolha de dados, tais como, inquérito por entrevista e observação direta. Esses dados foram posteriormente tratados através de uma análise descritiva quantitativa. A análise dos dados obtidos a partir do inquérito por entrevista implementado antes e depois do desenvolvimento do projeto de intervenção, das grelhas de monitorização das aprendizagens, implicação e bem-estar das crianças ao longo das atividades e dos registos das observações, aponta para um aumento da consciencialização das crianças em relação ao excesso de ruído e de como evitá-lo.This internship report is part of the supervised pedagogical practice course unit and addresses the development of an intervention-research project with the central theme of noise pollution in a group of preschool children. The population is increasingly exposed to noise and, as such, it is important for children to be instructed to know how they can defend themselves against noise pollution and what its effects are. In this sense, the project objectives were defined: i. Design, plan and implement a project on sound and noise pollution with children; ii. Assess the potential and limitations of the project developed in mobilizing children's learning; iii. Evaluate the effects of the design, planning and implementation of the intervention-research project on the pre-professional development of the trainee teacher. The intervention-research project encompassed several data collection techniques, such as a questionnaire survey and direct observation. These data were later analysed through a quantitative descriptive analysis. The analysis of the data obtained through the questionnaire survey implemented before and after the implementation of the intervention project, the monitoring grids of children's learning, involvement and well-being throughout the activities and the observation records, points to an increase in awareness of children in relation to excessive noise and how to avoid it.Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básic

Outbreak of acute respiratory infection among infants in Lisbon, Portugal, caused by human adenovirus serotype 3 and a new 7/3 recombinant strain

Human adenoviruses (AdVs) typically cause mild illnesses in otherwise healthy hosts. We investigated a pediatric outbreak of acute respiratory infection with fatal outcomes that occurred in Lisbon, Portugal, in 2004. Biological specimens were collected from 83 children attending two nurseries, a kinesiotherapy clinic, and the household of a nanny. Adenovirus infection was confirmed in 48 children by PCR and virus isolation. Most (96%) isolates were classified as being of subspecies B1. Phylogenetic analysis of fiber and hexon gene sequences revealed that most infants were infected with AdV serotype 3 (AdV3) strains. Infants attending one nursery harbored a new recombinant strain containing an AdV serotype 7 hexon and serotype 3 fiber (AdV7/3). Both the AdV3 and the AdV7/3 strains caused fatal infections. Two different serotype 3 strains were circulating in Lisbon in 2004, and the new AdV7/3 recombinant type originated from only one of those strains. These results demonstrate that recombination leads to the emergence of new adenovirus strains with epidemic and lethal potential

Comparison of reduction of edema after rest and after muscle exercises in treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of this work was to compare the reduction in edema obtained in the conservative treatment of phlebopathies after resting and after performing a muscle exercise program in the Trendelenburg position.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-eight limbs of 24 patients with venous edema of distinct etiologies and classified as between C3 and C5 using CEAP classification. Volumetric evaluation by water displacement was carried out before and after resting in the Trendelenburg position and after performing programmed muscle exercises 24 hours later under identical conditions of time, position and temperature. For the statistical analysis the paired t-test was used with an alpha error of 5% being considered acceptable.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average total volume of the lower limbs was 3,967.46 mL. The mean reduction in edema obtained after resting was 92.9 mL, and after exercises it was 135.4 mL, giving a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.0007).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, exercises are more efficient to reduce the edema of lower limbs than resting in the Trendelenburg position.</p

Effectiveness of a combined surf and psychological preventive intervention with children and adolescents in residential childcare: A randomized controlled trial

Children and adolescents living in residential childcare have a higher prevalence of mental health problems as a result of a history of adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, this population should be a priority target for mental health preventive interventions. The current study analyses the effectiveness of the Wave by Wave surf therapy program, that combines surfing with a psychological group intervention, through a randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three youth (7-17 years) living in residential care participated in the study. Main mental health outcomes (adjustment problems, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing) and secondary outcomes (self-efficacy, self-regulation, sleep quality, physical activity, pro-social behavior, and social connectivity) were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. The results indicated a significant impact of the intervention on mental health outcomes reported by the key residential worker, with medium to large effect sizes. Specifically, after the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the total emotional and behavioural problems, and a significant increase of youth pro-social behaviour and quality of life that was not observed for the waiting list group. There were no significant effects on other measures reported by the children (e.g., depression and anxiety, self-esteem, emotion regulation, social connectedness, sleep quality, physical activity) and on executive functions measures. The Wave by Wave program seems to be an effective intervention to reduce behavior problems and to promote pro-social behavior in a high-risk sample. The absence of significant effects on other dimensions may indicate the need of some complementary support to address specific difficulties of this population.Efectividad de una intervención preventiva psicológica y de surf combinada con niños y adolescentes en cuidado residencial: Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Los niños y adolescentes que viven en acogimiento residencial tienen una mayor prevalencia de problemas de salud mental. Por lo tanto, esta población debe ser un objetivo prioritario para las intervenciones preventivas de salud mental. El estudio actual analiza la efectividad del programa Wave by Wave, que combina el surf con una intervención psicológica grupal, a través de un ensayo controlado aleatorio. Setenta y tres jóvenes (7-17 años) que viven en acogimiento residencial participaron en el estudio. Los principales resultados de salud mental (problemas de ajuste, depresión, ansiedad y bienestar) y los resultados secundarios (autoeficacia, autorregulación, calidad del sueño, actividad física, comportamiento prosocial y conectividad social) se evaluaron antes y después de intervención. Los resultados indicaron un impacto significativo de la intervención sobre los resultados de salud mental reportados por el cuidador en la residencia. Específicamente, después de la intervención, hubo una reducción significativa en los problemas emocionales y conductuales totales, y un aumento significativo del comportamiento prosocial de los jóvenes y de la calidad de vida que no se observó en el grupo control. No hubo efectos significativos en otras medidas reportadas por los niños (ex., depresión y ansiedad, autoestima) y en las medidas de las funciones ejecutivas. El programa Wave by Wave parece ser una intervención efectiva para reducir los problemas de comportamiento y promover el comportamiento prosocial en una muestra de alto riesgo. La ausencia de efectos significativos en otras dimensiones puede indicar la necesidad de algún apoyo complementario para abordar las dificultades específicas de esta población.

Lower limb edema after great saphenous vein harvesting to be used as graft in myocardial revascularization

CONTEXTO: A revascularização do miocárdio utilizando-se a veia safena magna ainda é procedimento cirúrgico bastante realizado na atualidade. O edema que surge no membro inferior operado causa grande desconforto e necessita ser melhor estudado. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar o edema de membro inferior secundário a exérese da veia safena magna pela técnica de incisões escalonadas para sua utilização como enxerto venoso na revascularização do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 44 indivíduos submetidos a exérese de veia safena magna para revascularização miocárdica há mais de 3 meses. Excluíram-se fatores que pudessem interferir na formação de edema dos membros inferiores. Foram avaliados por volumetria e perimetria maleolares ambos os membros inferiores. Considerou-se como presença de edema significativo a diferença de volume maior que 50 mL e maior de 2 cm em relação ao membro não-operado. Para a análise estatística foram empregados o teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, teste t de Student e o teste de McNemar. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (a = 0,05). RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0.05) entre os membros operados e os não-operados, sendo 56,8% com volume maior que 50 mL e 31,9% com perímetro maleolar maior que 2 cm. Não se encontrou associação entre a presença do edema e características da amostra ou da cirurgia e de intercorrências clínicas perioperatórias ou tardias. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes submetidos a ressecções de veia safena magna para sua utilização como ponte coronariana poderão apresentar edema no membro associado.BACKGROUND: Myocardial revascularization using the great saphenous vein is still a very common surgical procedure. The edema that occurs in the operated leg causes much discomfort and requires further studies. OBJECTIVES: To describe lower limb edema secondary to great saphenous vein harvesting using the bridge technique for use as venous graft in myocardial revascularization. METHODS: Forty-four individuals previously submitted to great saphenous vein harvesting for myocardial revascularization more than 3 months before were randomly selected. Patients with factors that might interfere with formation of lower limb edema were excluded. Both operated and non-operated legs were evaluated by volumetry and perimetry of the malleolar region. Differences greater than 50 mL or higher than 2 cm between the operated and the contralateral leg were considered as presence of significant edema. Chi-square, Fisher&#8217;s, McNemar&#8217;s and Student&#8217;s t tests were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 5% (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between operated and contralateral legs, with 56.8% of the individuals having a difference in volume greater than 50 mL and 31.9% having a difference in malleolar region perimeter greater than 2 cm. There was no association between presence of edema and sample characteristics, surgery, perioperative or late clinical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Patients submitted to resection of the great saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting may evolve with edema of the operated leg