66 research outputs found
Spectral weight transfer in a disorder-broadened Landau level
In the absence of disorder, the degeneracy of a Landau level (LL) is
, where is the magnetic field, is the area of the sample
and is the magnetic flux quantum. With disorder, localized states
appear at the top and bottom of the broadened LL, while states in the center of
the LL (the critical region) remain delocalized. This well-known phenomenology
is sufficient to explain most aspects of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE)
[1]. One unnoticed issue is where the new states appear as the magnetic field
is increased. Here we demonstrate that they appear predominantly inside the
critical region. This leads to a certain ``spectral ordering'' of the localized
states that explains the stripes observed in measurements of the local inverse
compressibility [2-3], of two-terminal conductance [4], and of Hall and
longitudinal resistances [5] without invoking interactions as done in previous
work [6-8].Comment: 5 pages 3 figure
The nature of localization in graphene under quantum Hall conditions
Particle localization is an essential ingredient in quantum Hall physics
[1,2]. In conventional high mobility two-dimensional electron systems Coulomb
interactions were shown to compete with disorder and to play a central role in
particle localization [3]. Here we address the nature of localization in
graphene where the carrier mobility, quantifying the disorder, is two to four
orders of magnitude smaller [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. We image the electronic density
of states and the localized state spectrum of a graphene flake in the quantum
Hall regime with a scanning single electron transistor [11]. Our microscopic
approach provides direct insight into the nature of localization. Surprisingly,
despite strong disorder, our findings indicate that localization in graphene is
not dominated by single particle physics, but rather by a competition between
the underlying disorder potential and the repulsive Coulomb interaction
responsible for screening.Comment: 18 pages, including 5 figure
GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze SUBMITTED TO WATER STRESS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze, da fam\uedlia Bombacaceae \ue9 uma
florestal nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, conhecida popularmente como
barriguda devido ao tronco bojudo, seus frutos s\ue3o deiscentes e as
sementes revestidas por uma estrutura fibrosa (l\ue3) utilizada nas
ind\ufastrias de estofados. Por isso objetivou-se avaliar o
comportamento germinativo e o vigor das sementes de Chorisia glaziovii,
submetidas ao estresse h\ueddrico em diferentes temperaturas. Os
tratamentos consistiram dos potenciais de -0,1; -0,2 e -0,3 MPa
simulados com polietileno glicol (PEG 6000), al\ue9m do n\uedvel
zero (0,0) utilizando apenas \ue1gua destilada, nas temperaturas
constantes de 20, 25 e 30\ub0C, em delineamento experimental
inteiramente ao acaso. As vari\ue1veis analisadas foram: porcentagem,
primeira contagem e \uedndice de velocidade de germina\ue7\ue3o
de sementes, al\ue9m do comprimento de ra\uedzes e altura de parte
a\ue9rea, e massa seca de ra\uedzes e parte a\ue9rea das
pl\ue2ntulas. As maiores porcentagens de germina\ue7\ue3o das
sementes de Chorisia glaziovii foram obtidas na aus\ueancia de
estresse h\ueddrico independentemente da temperatura, sendo a de
20\ub0C prejudicial \ue0 germina\ue7\ue3o das sementes, com
redu\ue7\ue3o para 20% no potencial de -0,1MPa; nas temperaturas
mais elevadas, as sementes foram mais tolerantes ao estresse
h\ueddrico, com uma porcentagem de 68% neste mesmo potencial. As
sementes de Chorisia glaziovii s\ue3o sens\uedveis ao estresse
h\ueddrico, com germina\ue7\ue3o totalmente inibida em todas as
temperaturas no potencial de -0,3 MPa.Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze, the Bombacaceae family is a native forest
of northeastern Brazil, popularly known as paunchy, due to bulging
trunk. Its fruits are dehiscent and its seeds covered with a fibrous
structure (wool) used in upholstery industries. Therefore, it was aimed
to evaluate the germination behavior and seed germination of Chorisia
glaziovii, subjected to water stress at different temperatures. The
treatments consisted of the potential of -0.1; -0.2 And -0.3 MPa
simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) plus zero (0,0) level
using only distilled water, at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30
\ub0C in a totally randomized experimental design chance. The
analyzed variables were: percentage, first count and rate of
germination rate of seeds, plus the length of roots and shoots of
height, and dry weight of roots and shoots of seedlings. The highest
percentage of germination of Chorisia glaziovii were obtained in the
absence of water stress independent of temperature, so the 20 \ub0C
detrimental to seed germination, reducing to 20% in potential -0.1MPa;
at higher temperatures the seeds were more tolerant to water stress,
with a percentageof 68% at this same potential. The seeds of Chorisia
glaziovii are sensitive to water stress, with completely inhibited
germination at all temperatures in the potential of -0.3 MPa
The view of teachers on bullying and implications for nursing
Objetivo: Compreender o bullying escolar,
na perspectiva dos professores, e refletir
sobre as possíveis ações da área da saúde
em seu enfrentamento. Para tanto, tomaram-
se por base as diretrizes do Programa
Saúde na Escola, dos Ministérios da Saúde
e da Educação. Método: Estudo de caso
qualitativo, realizado com professores de
uma escola pública de Minas Gerais. Foram
utilizados grupos focais na coleta de dados
e o material empírico foi decodificado
a partir de técnica de análise temática de
conteúdo, resultando em uma categoria
analítica: concepções e experiências de
professores diante do bullying. Resultados:
Foram identificadas percepções pontuais
sobre o fenômeno e utilização de recursos
de intervenção pouco eficazes. No plano
interpretativo, problematizaram-se as contribuições
da saúde e da enfermagem no
redimensionamento das intervenções e no
processo de formação continuada dos professores.
Conclusão: Os resultados apontam
para a construção de práticas intersetoriais
para o enfrentamento do bullying.To understand school bullying from the perspective of teachers and reflect about the possible actions of the health area when coping with it. The guidelines of the School Health Program of the Ministries of Health and Education were used to reach that purpose. Method: A qualitative study carried out with teachers of a public school in Minas Gerais. Focus groups were used to collect data and the empirical material was decoded from thematic analysis of content, resulting in an analytical category: conceptions and experiences of teachers on bullying. Results: Specific perceptions about the phenomenon and the use of ineffective intervention resources were identified. In the interpretive plan were problematized the health and nursing contributions with resizing the interventions and the continuing training process of teachers. Conclusion: The results point to the construction of intersectoral practices forcoping with bullying.Objetivo: Comprender el bullying escolar
desde la perspectiva de los profesores,
y reflexionar sobre las posibles acciones
del área de salud en su enfrentamiento.
Tomando como base los lineamientos del
Programa de Salud Escolar, de los Ministerios
de Salud y de Educación. Método:
Estudio de caso cualitativo realizado con
los profesores de una escuela pública en
Minas Gerais. Para la recolección de datos
se utilizaron grupos focales y el material
empírico fue decodificado a partir de la
técnica de análisis temático de contenido,
dando lugar a una categoría analítica: concepciones
y experiencias de los profesores
sobre el acoso escolar. Resultados: Se identificaron
percepciones específicas sobre el
fenómeno y la utilización de recursos ineficaces
de intervención. En el plano interpretativo,
se problematizaron las contribuciones
de la salud y de la enfermería en el
redimensionamiento de las intervenciones
y en el proceso de formación continua de
los profesores. Conclusión: Los resultados
apuntan a la construcción de prácticas intersectoriales
para el enfrentamiento del
bullying.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, UM (UI 317 da FCT
Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective
In this review, we provide an in-depth description of the physics of
monolayer and bilayer graphene from a theorist's perspective. We discuss the
physical properties of graphene in an external magnetic field, reflecting the
chiral nature of the quasiparticles near the Dirac point with a Landau level at
zero energy. We address the unique integer quantum Hall effects, the role of
electron correlations, and the recent observation of the fractional quantum
Hall effect in the monolayer graphene. The quantum Hall effect in bilayer
graphene is fundamentally different from that of a monolayer, reflecting the
unique band structure of this system. The theory of transport in the absence of
an external magnetic field is discussed in detail, along with the role of
disorder studied in various theoretical models. We highlight the differences
and similarities between monolayer and bilayer graphene, and focus on
thermodynamic properties such as the compressibility, the plasmon spectra, the
weak localization correction, quantum Hall effect, and optical properties.
Confinement of electrons in graphene is nontrivial due to Klein tunneling. We
review various theoretical and experimental studies of quantum confined
structures made from graphene. The band structure of graphene nanoribbons and
the role of the sublattice symmetry, edge geometry and the size of the
nanoribbon on the electronic and magnetic properties are very active areas of
research, and a detailed review of these topics is presented. Also, the effects
of substrate interactions, adsorbed atoms, lattice defects and doping on the
band structure of finite-sized graphene systems are discussed. We also include
a brief description of graphane -- gapped material obtained from graphene by
attaching hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom in the lattice.Comment: 189 pages. submitted in Advances in Physic
Use of barley straw residues to avoid high erosion and runoff rates on persimmon plantations in Eastern Spain under low frequency-high magnitude simulated rainfall events
[EN] Soil and water losses due to agricultural mismanagement are high and non-sustainable in many orchards. An experiment was set up with rainfall simulation at 78 mm h(-1) over 1 hour on 20 paired plots of 2 m(2) (bare and straw covered) in new persimmon plantations in Eastern Spain. Effects of straw cover on the control of soil and water losses were assessed. An addition of 60% straw cover (75 gm(-2)) resulted in delayed ponding and runoff generation and consequently reduced water losses from 60% to 13% of total rainfall. The straw cover reduced raindrop impact and thus sediment detachment from 1014 to 47 g plot(-1) h(-1). The erosion rate was reduced from 5.1 to 0.2 Mg ha-(1) h(-1). The straw mulch was found to be extremely efficient in reducing soil erosion rates.The research projects GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857 and RECARE-FP7 (no. 603498, http://recare-project.eu/) supported this research.Cerdà, A.; González-Pelayo, Ó.; Giménez Morera, A.; Jordán, A.; Pereira, P.; Novara, A.; Brevik, EC.... (2016). Use of barley straw residues to avoid high erosion and runoff rates on persimmon plantations in Eastern Spain under low frequency-high magnitude simulated rainfall events. Soil Research. 54(2):154-165. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR15092S15416554
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