85 research outputs found

    KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SWIMMING START: BLOCK, FLIGHT AND UNDERWATER PHASES

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    The purpose of this study was to analyze, through kinemetry, the block, flight and underwater phases of the swimming start. The sample was composed by 4 swimmers. Four VHS video cameras were used. Analyzed variables: block time, flight time and distance, angle of entry, maximum depth achieved, time, distance and average velocity of the underwater phase and total start time in 15 meters. Pearson’s correlation was used to verify the relationship between the variables.Flight distance, angle of entry, depth achieved and average velocity under teh water presented significant correlation with the starting time (r = -0.482, 0.512, 0.515 and -0.645, respectively), being all important factors to be observed by athletes and coaches, who should look forward to reach best values of the variables in order to improve the execution of swimming starts

    OS JOGOS ABERTOS DA TERCEIRA IDADE EM SC (JASTI): UM MODELO QUE DÁ CERTO

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    Identificar os aspectos que motivaram a escolha de modalidades esportivas por praticantes da terceira idade é fundamental para desenvolver políticas públicas que melhorem a adesão desses sujeitos à prática esportiva. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever os Jogos Abertos da Terceira Idade de Santa Catarina (JASTI) através do levantamento de dados históricos para divulgar e promover a participação e realização de eventos para esse público. Nesta pesquisa, foi realizada uma análise documental seguida de uma descrição dos dados encontrados. Foram analisados todos os relatórios de participantes dos JASTI das edições de 2008 até 2012, a fim de encontrar o número de municípios que aderiram ao evento, o público total e os participantes por modalidade. Foram 89 municípios envolvidos em 2008, passando a 146 em 2012. Este aumento também pode ser visto no número de participantes, que ascendeu de 1.097, em 2008, para 1.782, em 2012. As modalidades também ganharam adeptos, além de sofrerem um desdobramento para melhoria da competição. A criação desse evento levou a um aumento na procura da prática de diversas modalidades pelos idosos, além de servir como uma excelente forma de convívio social e reintegração dessa população

    Diferentes perspectivas da ação de membros inferiores nos quatro nados competitivos: uma revisão integrativa

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    It is currently known that the speed of swimming is a function of the propulsion generated from the lower limbs and not just the upper limbs. However, for years the action of the legs, during swimming, had its importance mitigated. Thus, the objective of this work was to raise, by means of an integrative literature review, the state of the art regarding the importance of the lower limbs in swimming. This research was delimited in the action of surface legs and underwater legs, excluding the analysis of exits and turns. Studies indexed in the following databases were analyzed: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs and SciELO. The search system included reading of titles, abstracts and articles in full, found through blocks of descriptors that combined main and secondary terms. A total of 154 articles were found, of which 55 were included for qualitative analysis. The results showed that studies on the use of the lower limbs in swimming have a low sample value and a heterogeneous description of the levels of the participants. Breaststroke and underwater swells are the most studied variables. It is recommended to examine the effectiveness of other anthropometric, kinematic and coordination variables to better understand the production of maximum speed and to consider the importance of individual techniques in the action of the legs in swimming. Still, in the field of using the lower limbs in swimming, there are some gaps, which the articles themselves point out. These demands are due to the strength generated by these segments, in addition to the discussion of the importance of considering individual factors in the action of the legs for swimmers.Atualmente se sabe que a velocidade da natação é uma função da propulsão gerada a partir dos membros inferiores e não apenas dos membros superiores. No entanto, por anos, a ação das pernas, durante o nado, teve sua importância mitigada. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, o estado da arte acerca da importância dos membros inferiores na natação. Esta pesquisa foi delimitada na ação das pernas de superfície e pernas subaquáticas, excluindo-se as análises das saídas e viradas. Foram analisados estudos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs e SciELO. A sistematização de busca incluiu leitura de títulos, resumos e artigos na íntegra, encontrados por meio de blocos de descritores que combinaram termos principais e secundários. Um total de 154 artigos foi encontrado, dos quais 55 foram incluídos para análise qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram que os estudos sobre a utilização dos membros inferiores na natação possuem baixo valor amostral e descrição heterogênea dos níveis dos participantes. O nado peito e as ondulações subaquáticas são as variáveis mais estudadas. Preconiza-se examinar a eficácia de outras variáveis ​​antropométricas, cinemáticas e de coordenação para entender melhor a produção da velocidade máxima e considerar a importância de técnicas individuais na ação das pernas na natação. Ainda, no campo da utilização dos membros inferiores na natação, existem algumas lacunas, as quais os próprios artigos apontam. Essas  demandas ficam por conta da força gerada por esses segmentos, além da discussão da importância em se considerarem fatores individuais na ação das pernas para os nadadores

    Nado amarrado: uma revisão histórica e sua aplicabilidade

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    Introdução: o desempenho na natação pode ser influenciado por diferentes fatores, como a técnica de nado, as forças envolvidas na tarefa ou, ainda, aspectos fisiológicos e biomecânicos, dentre estes as análises das forças propulsiva (FP) e resistivas (FR) são de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da natação competitiva. O nado amarrado é um método largamente utilizado por técnicos pesquisadores nos últimos 50 anos, podemos atribuir isso a sua praticidade e custo reduzido quando comparado a outros métodos. Objetivo: elucidar a aplicabilidade do nado amarrado em nível histórico e prático. Método: foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados cujos trabalhos utilizaram de alguma forma o nado amarrado ou que o estudaram. Resultados: foi observado que o nado amarrado é uma ferramenta com alta reprodutibilidade, possui boa relação com o desempenho na natação e pode ser utilizada para o acompanhamento de atletas ao longo de um programa de treino, bem como servir de potencial preditor de talentos esportivos. Conclusão: o nado amarrado possui lacunas quando a descrição detalhada dos métodos utilizados, contudo devido ao volume de trabalhos produzidos nas últimas décadas, podemos afirmar que este possui base sólida para ser aplicado para pesquisas e treinamento de natação. ABSTRACT. Tethered swim: a historical review and applicability. Background: swimming performance can be influenced by different factors, such as swimming technique, the forces involved in the task or, also, physiological and biomechanical aspects, among which the analyzes of the propulsive (PF) and resistive (FR) forces are of fundamental importance for the development of competitive swimming. The tied swim is a method widely used by technical researchers in the last 50 years, we can attribute this to its practicality and reduced cost when compared to other methods. Objective: to elucidate the applicability of the tied swim in historical and practical level. Methods: a bibliographic survey was carried out in databases whose works somehow used the tethered swimming or studied it. Results: It has been observed that the tied swim is a tool with high reproducibility, has a good relationship with swimming performance and can be used to accompany athletes throughout a training program, as well as to serve as a potential predictor of sports talents. Conclusion: the tied swim has gaps when the detailed description of the methods used, however due to the volume of work produced in the last decades, we can affirm that it has a solid base to be applied for research and swimming training

    Prevalência de Lesões em Atletas de Voleibol de Diferentes Categorias

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    Este estudo investigou a prevalência de lesões em atletas de voleibol considerando as regiões anatômicas atingidas e os diagnósticos. A amostra foi composta por 299 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, participantes da fase estadual dos Jogos Abertos de Santa Catarina (categoria adulto) e Joguinhos Abertos de Santa Catarina (categoria infanto-juvenil). Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo 1 foi formando por 201 atletas da categoria infanto-juvenil e 98 atletas da categoria adulto integraram o grupo 2. Os dados foram obtidos através do questionário ‘Perfil do Campeão' da rede CENESP e analisados através da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste qui-quadrado). Os resultados evidenciam a prevalência de lesões nos membros inferiores, com destaque para o tornozelo e joelho. Os diagnósticos mais citados foram entorses e tendinites. Os atletas do grupo 2 foram significativamente mais acometidos em relação aos atletas no grupo 1 (

    Hand force symmetry during breaststroke swimming

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    Hand force symmetry during breaststroke swimming The aim of this study was to analyze the hand force symmetry during the breaststroke and its relationship with swimmers’ performance. Seventeen breaststroke and/or medley specialists participated (12 men and 5 women, 19.5 ± 5.2 years and average performance of 73.4 ± 7% of the 50 m breaststroke world record). Each swimmer performed three repetitions of 25 m breaststroke swimming at maximal speed. Pressure sensors from Aquanex acquisition system were placed in both swimmers’ hands and Mean Force (Fmean) and Maximal Force (Fmax) were measured. The symmetry index proposed by Sanders was calculated and the time of a 50-m breaststroke trial at maximum speed (T50m) was used as a performance indicator. The variables were compared between hands using tests for dependent samples, and the relationship between variables were investigated using Spearman correlation test. The Fmean applied was 47.9 ± 16.7 N and 47.9 ± 14.5 N for right and left hands, respectively. The Fmean corresponded to 120.7 ± 43.6 N e 112.8 ± 35.7 N for right and left hand, respectively. No signifi cant differences were observed for none of the variables between right and left hands. Analyzing the subjects individually, it was possible to observe asymmetries levels up to 30.6% for Fmean and 35.9% for Fmax, however the relationship between symmetry indexes and the 50 m breaststroke performance was not statistically signifi cant.Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a simetria da força aplicada durante a braçada do nado peito e a sua relação com o desempenho de nadadores. Participaram do estudo 17 nadadores especialistas em nado peito e medley (12 homens e 5 mulheres, 19,5 ± 5,2 anos, melhor tempo pessoal correspondente a 73,4 ± 7,0 % do recorde mundial dos 50 m peito). Cada sujeito realizou três repetições de 25 m peito em máxima velocidade. Sensores de pressão do Sistema Aquanex foram posicionados na mão direita e na mão esquerda dos nadadores, possibilitando a aquisição das variáveis Força Média (Fmed) e Força Máxima (Fmax). Calculou-se o índice de simetria conforme proposto por Sanders e utilizou-se o tempo de uma execução de 50 m peito em velocidade máxima (T50m) como indicador de desempenho. A comparação das variáveis entre a mão direita e a mão esquerda foi realizada através de testes para amostras dependentes, e a relação entre as variáveis foi investigada através da correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05). A Fmed aplicada foi de 47,9 ± 16,7 N e de 47,9 ± 14,5 N para as mãos direita e esquerda, respectivamente. A Fmax correspondeu a 120,7 ± 43,6 N e 112,8 ± 35,7 N para as mãos direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças signifi cativas quando comparadas as mãos direita e esquerda. Uma análise individual e descritiva das variáveis permitiu observar assimetrias de até 30,6% para a Fmed e de até 35,9% para a Fmax. Entretanto, parece não haver relação entre os índices de simetria com o desempenho no nado peito em 50 m

    Influência do tratamento intensivo com suporte de peso corporal na função motora de crianças com paralisia cerebral

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    A aquisição da marcha sob o aspecto neuromotor da reabilitação vem a ser o principal desígnio do terapeuta durante a elaboração do plano de tratamento do paciente com paralisia cerebral, uma vez que a marcha representa não só um ganho da habilidade de locomover-se, mas também um conjunto de reações e padrões de movimento que auxiliam na função motora. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de um tratamento intensivo por meio do suporte de peso corporal em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 10 crianças com paralisia cerebral, GMFCS nível IV ou V, idade entre 4 a 9 anos. Onde foram realizadas sessões diárias com suporte de peso corporal em esteira ergométrica com auxílio de terapeutas para executar o padrão de marcha mais próximo da normalidade, com pontos chaves em joelho e tornozelo com duração de 30 minutos de tratamento e intervalo de 24 horas, por um período de 10 dias. Para fins de avaliação pré e pós-intervenção, utilizando a escala de medição da função motora grossa GMFM, e da flexibilidade pelo Flexiteste. Resultados: Foi possível constatar um aumento relevante na função motora grossa dos sujeitos, onde o domínio Deitar e Rolar obteve maior pontuação, com um aumento de 10,77%. Sentar demonstrou aumento de 3,80%, Engatinhar e Ajoelhar 6,43% e o domínio Em Pé 3,45%. Relativo ao Flexiteste, a média entre os sujeitos relatou aumento expressivo de 4,2 pontos. Já em análise individual, percebe-se que 3 indivíduos obtiveram aumento de score de 6 pontos. Conclusão: Um protocolo intensivo de curta duração é capaz de trazer ganhos de flexibilidade e motores rápidos a crianças que possuem quadro de paralisia cerebral.The acquisition of gait under the neuromotor aspect of rehabilitation is the main goal of the therapist during the elaboration of the treatment plan of the patient with cerebral palsy, since gait represents not only a gain in the ability to move, but also a set of reactions and movement patterns that aid in motor function. Objective: To analyze the effects of intensive treatment by means of body weight support in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Ten children with cerebral palsy, GMFCS level IV or V, age between 4 and 9 years participated in the study. Where daily sessions were performed with body weight support on a treadmill with the help of therapists to perform the walking pattern closest to normal, with key points in the knee and ankle lasting 30 minutes of treatment and 24 hour intervals for one period of 10 days. For purposes of pre and post-intervention evaluation, using the GMFM gross motor function measurement scale, and Flexitest flexibility. Results: It was possible to observe a significant increase in the gross motor function of the subjects, where the lie down and roll domain obtained a higher score, with an increase of 10.77%. To sit demonstrated a 3.80% increase, Crawling and Kneeling 6.43% and the Standing Foot 3.45%. Relative to Flexitest, the mean between subjects reported a significant increase of 4.2 points. In the individual analysis, it was observed that 3 subjects had a 6-point score increase. Conclusions: An intensive short-duration protocol is capable of bringing flexibility gains and fast motor to children with cerebral palsy

    Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

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    Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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    Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

    Regional differences in clinical care among patients with type 1 diabetes in Brazil: Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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    Background\ud To determine the characteristics of clinical care offered to type 1 diabetic patients across the four distinct regions of Brazil, with geographic and contrasting socioeconomic differences. Glycemic control, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, screening for chronic complications and the frequency that the recommended treatment goals were met using the American Diabetes Association guidelines were evaluated.\ud \ud Methods\ud This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted from December 2008 to December 2010 in 28 secondary and tertiary care public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities in north/northeast, mid-west, southeast and south regions. The data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% females and 57.1% Caucasians) aged 21.2 ± 11.7 years with a disease duration of 9.6 ± 8.1 years (<1 to 50 years).\ud \ud Results\ud Overall, 18.4% patients had HbA1c levels <7.0%, and 47.5% patients had HbA1c levels ≥ 9%. HbA1c levels were associated with lower economic status, female gender, age and the daily frequency of self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) but not with insulin regimen and geographic region. Hypertension was more frequent in the mid-west (32%) and north/northeast (25%) than in the southeast (19%) and south (17%) regions (p<0.001). More patients from the southeast region achieved LDL cholesterol goals and were treated with statins (p<0.001). Fewer patients from the north/northeast and mid-west regions were screened for retinopathy and nephropathy, compared with patients from the south and southeast. Patients from the south/southeast regions had more intensive insulin regimens than patients from the north/northeast and mid-west regions (p<0.001). The most common insulin therapy combination was intermediate-acting with regular human insulin, mainly in the north/northeast region (p<0.001). The combination of insulin glargine with lispro and glulisine was more frequently used in the mid-west region (p<0.001). Patients from the north/northeast region were younger, non-Caucasian, from lower economic status, used less continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, performed less SBGM and were less overweight/obese (p<0.001).\ud \ud Conclusions\ud A majority of patients, mainly in the north/northeast and mid-west regions, did not meet metabolic control goals and were not screened for diabetes-related chronic complications. These results should guide governmental health policy decisions, specific to each geographic region, to improve diabetes care and decrease the negative impact diabetes has on the public health system.We thank Mrs. Karianne Aroeira Davidson, Mrs. Anna Maria Ferreira, Mrs. Elisangela Santos and Sandro Sperandei for their technical assistance.This work was supported by grants from Farmanguinhos/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/National Health Ministry, the Brazilian Diabetes Society, Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Brasil
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