O Árctico enquanto zona de Tensão e Conflito. Entre os ditames da geopolítica clássica e a ética da ecopolítica

Para além de um espaço de aventura e exploração, o Árctico tem sido também, desde o início do século XX, lugar de disputas e tensões. Os países que o tornaram um Sul no extremo Norte, sempre o encararam numa lógica de possessão soberana e dilacerante um espaço geograficamente uno. Um olhar sobre o Árctico circumpolar, enquanto zona de tensão e conflito, implica assim, uma compreensão histórica do que têm sido as dinâmicas de disputa de poder na zona. Neste sentido, a análise que propomos contempla obrigatoriamente esta dimensão e analisa as características estruturantes do período da Guerra Fria para a compreensão deste espaço..

Óleos essenciais no controle de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae em sementes de cebola

A antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae é umas das principais doenças na cultura da cebola. A principal estratégia de controle deste fungo é o controle químico com fungicida sendo esta técnica utilizada na maior parte dos cultivos. Atualmente vem sendo estudados métodos de controle de doenças que sejam menos agressivos ao ambiente, mostrando-se como alternativa o uso de óleos essenciais. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito direto dos óleos essenciais de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum), capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.), sálvia (Salvia officinalis), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) e citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) como alternativa no controle do fungo C. gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae, além de determinar seu efeito sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cebola. Os óleos essenciais de capim-limão e sálvia não afetaram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de cebola e todos os óleos essenciais utilizados promoveram a inibição da germinação de esporos de C. gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae. Os óleos essenciais de tomilho, capim-limão e citronela, na concentração de 2.000 ppm, inibiram totalmente o crescimento micelial do fungo. O tratamento com o óleo essencial de capim-limão em sementes inoculadas com patógeno proporcionou maior proteção contra o ataque de fungo.Anthracnose, one of the major diseases in the onion, is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae. The main strategy for controlling this fungus is by the use of fungicide, with this technique being used on the majority of crops. Currently, methods of disease control are being studied that are less aggressive to the environment, with the use of essential oils proving to be an alternative. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) as an alternative in the control of the fungus C. gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae, in addition to determining its effect on the physiological quality of onion seeds. The essential oils of lemongrass and sage did not affect the physiological quality of the onion seeds, and all the essential oils used helped to inhibit spore germination in C. gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae. The essential oils of thyme, lemongrass and citronella at a concentration of 2000 ppm completely inhibited mycelial growth in the fungus. Treatment with the essential oil of lemongrass in seeds inoculated with the pathogen gave greater protection against fungal attack

ESTRUTURA DE MERCADO DE PRODUTOS LÃCTEOS NO MUNICÃPIO DE LAVRAS, MG

This study was carried out with the objective of characterizing the market structure and the commercialization of dairy products in the district of Lavras, MG, Brazil. For such study, agents were identified, their market conduct, and the prices paid and received were analyzed, as well as the volume of sales in the different market segments. It was verified that the products demanding greater technological resources, such as milk “longa vida†( “long-life†or UHT milk ) and milk sweets are the ones that feature the largest commercialization margins. In the retail segment, supermarkets feature, in average, the lowest margins in relation to their competitors, especially “longa vida†milk. In the consumer market of milk, the sterilized product is the most demanded kind with 36% of the total consumption, informal milk (without inspection) with 31% and milk “longa vida†with 28%. The consumers prefer the informal type because they believe it features better quality, price, distribution and payment services. By the Gini Index methodology, it was verified that there is a concentration in the distribution of milk in the wholesale and retail markets, especially in retail stores.Market structure, commercialization, dairy products.,

Polymorphism‐aware estimation of species trees and evolutionary forces from genomic sequences with RevBayes

Funding: Funding information Austrian Science Fund, Grant/Award Number: P34524-B; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Grant/Award Number: BB/W000768/1; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: HO 6201/1-1; Vienna Science and Technology Fund, Grant/Award Number: MA016-061.1. The availability of population genomic data through new sequencing technologies gives unprecedented opportunities for estimating important evolutionary forces such as genetic drift, selection and mutation biases across organisms. Yet, analytical methods that can handle polymorphisms jointly with sequence divergence across species are rare and not easily accessible to empiricists. 2. We implemented polymorphism-aware phylogenetic models (PoMos), an alternative approach for species tree estimation, in the Bayesian phylogenetic software RevBayes. PoMos naturally account for incomplete lineage sorting, which is known to cause difficulties for phylogenetic inference in species radiations, and scale well with genome-wide data. Simultaneously, PoMos can estimate mutation and selection biases. 3. We have applied our methods to resolve the complex phylogenetic relationships of a young radiation of Chorthippus grasshoppers, based on coding sequences. In addition to establishing a well-supported species tree, we found a mutation bias favouring AT alleles and selection bias promoting the fixation of GC alleles, the latter consistent with GC-biased gene conversion. The selection bias is two orders of magnitude lower than genetic drift, validating the critical role of nearly neutral evolutionary processes in species radiation. 4. PoMos offer a wide range of models to reconstruct phylogenies and can be easily combined with existing models in RevBayes—for example, relaxed clock and divergence time estimation—offering new insights into the evolutionary processes underlying molecular evolution and, ultimately, species diversification.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Monitoring goat milk quality during pasteurisation and ohmic treatment using UV-VIS-SWNIR spectroscopy

This study evaluates the effectiveness of UV-VIS-SWNIR spectroscopy of goat milk quality degradation during pasteurisation and ohmic heating, being performed on: i) raw goat milk; ii) non-processed milk but passing though pumps, pasteurizer and ohmic heater; and iii) processed milk by pasteurisation and ohmic heating. Spectra were collected by a transmittance probe for UV-VIS and UV-NIR wavelengths. The samples temperature was recorded (18.0 ± 2.0oC) and the probe was always checked for bubble formation or fat residues on lens/mirror system. The integration time was set to 25s and 4s for the collection of UV-VIS and VIS-NIR spectra respectively. Data analysis was performed on each product and for each spectral range independently. The spectra were normalized by its maximum intensity and the corrected for using a robust multiplicative scatter correction algorithm. A principal component analysis was performed to the pre-processed spectra. Results show that UV-VIS-SWNIR reflectance spectroscopy provides a quick and fast assessment of goat milk characteristics and thus it can be used as an indication of the overall product variability, allowing to develop monitoring and control models for both pasteurisation and ohmic heating of goat milk.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)EDERPRIME progra

O movimento e manobra na campanha militar do TO de Angola (1961-1974)

Este trabalho de investigação visa analisar a função de combate movimento e manobra na campanha militar do Teatro de Operações (TO) de Angola entre 1961 e 1974, através do estudo dos seus fundamentos, conceitos, e algumas tarefas que se incluem nessa função de combate. Para além da vertente doutrinária apresentada inicialmente, é também abordada a tipologia e o dispositivo de forças dessa campanha militar, bem como são destacadas as evidências da aplicação prática dos conceitos que envolvem a função de combate movimento e manobra na campanha militar. As conclusões permitem evidenciar que os aspetos apresentados foram tidos em conta ao longo da campanha, levando a adaptações da tipologia de forças, das tarefas a executar e do próprio dispositivo, com vista a alcançar os objetivos pretendidos de forma mais eficaz. Abstract: This research analyses the warfighting function movement and manoeuvre in the Angola Theatre of Operations, between 1961 and 1974, through the study of its fundaments, concepts and some tasks, which are included in this warfighting function. Beyond the elements of the military doctrine presented initially, it is also analysed the characteristics of the military forces and the operational design of the campaign, as well as the evidence related to the application of movement and manoeuvre concepts and tasks, during the military campaign. The conclusions allow the demonstration that all these aspects were considered during the campaign, leading to adjustments in the force planning, in the tasks performed and in their disposition, in order to achieve the required objectives with more effectiveness.N/

NEGOCIAÇÃO COLETIVA E LEGISLAÇÃO TRABALHISTA: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA DECISÃO NO TEMA 1046 DA REPERCUSSÃO GERAL DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL

O presente artigo pretende apresentar, por meio de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e análise bibliográfica, crítica ao posicionamento fixado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro no julgamento do Tema de Repercussão Geral nº 1.046, oriundo do Agravo Regimental ARE 1.121.633, que, em síntese, entendeu ser possível a redução ou limitação de direitos trabalhistas por meio de normas negociais coletivas, na sua prevalência perante a legislação. O problema que se busca enfrentar é se a disponibilidade de direitos assegurados por lei, pela via negocial, está de acordo com as bases do Direito do Trabalho. Defende-se que uma consagração mais abrangente do negociado sobre o legislado termine por descaracterizar o ramo trabalhista e as razões para a sua autonomia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a decisão proferida na Corte Suprema expondo as finalidades da negociação coletiva, conceito e relação da flexibilização com Direito do Trabalho e proposta de limites para redução de direitos por meio de negociação coletiva. Ao final, foi possível certificar a existência no ordenamento jurídico, interno e externo, de distintas limitações à redução de direitos sociais trabalhistas que reforçam a autonomia, princípios e conceitos básicos do Direito do Trabalho

AI based monitoring violent action detection data for in-vehicle scenarios

With the evolution of technology associated with mobility and autonomy, Shared Autonomous Vehicles will be a reality. To ensure passenger safety, there is a need to create a monitoring system inside the vehicle capable of recognizing human actions. We introduce two datasets to train human action recognition inside the vehicle, focusing on violence detection. The InCar dataset tackles violent actions for in-car background which give us more realistic data. The InVicon dataset although doesn't have the realistic background as the InCar dataset can provide skeleton (3D body joints) data. This datasets were recorded with RGB, Depth, Ther-mal, Event-based, and Skeleton data. The resulting dataset contains 6 400 video samples and more than 3 million frames, collected from sixteen distinct subjects. The dataset contains 58 action classes, including violent and neutral (i.e., non-violent) activities.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )This work has been supported by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the R & D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020. This work was partly financed by European social funds through the Portugal 2020 program and by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of projects POCH-02-5369-FSE-000006. The author would also like to acknowledge FCT for the attributed Doctoral grant PD/BDE/150500/2019

Antibacterial activity of essential oils on Xanthomonas vesicatoria and control of bacterial spot in tomato

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of plant essential oils (EOs) on the growth of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, on bacterial morphology and ultrastructure, and on the severity of tomato bacterial spot. EOs from citronella, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, eucalyptus, thyme, and tea tree were evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100% in 1.0% powdered milk. The effect of EOs, at 0.1%, on the severity of tomato bacterial spot was evaluated in tomato seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The effects of citronella, lemongrass, clove, and tea tree EOs, at 0.1%, on X. vesicatoria cells were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. All EOs showed direct toxic effect on the bacteria at a 10%‑concentration in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, the EOs of clove, citronella, tea tree, and lemongrass reduced disease severity. EOs of clove and tea tree, and streptomycin sulfate promoted loss of electron‑dense material and alterations in the cytoplasm, whereas EO of tea tree promoted cytoplasm vacuolation, and those of citronella, lemongrass, clove, and tea tree caused damage to the bacterial cell wall. The EOs at a concentration of 0.1% reduce the severity of the disease.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of plant essential oils (EOs) on the growth of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, on bacterial morphology and ultrastructure, and on the severity of tomato bacterial spot. EOs from citronella, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, eucalyptus, thyme, and tea tree were evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100% in 1.0% powdered milk. The effect of EOs, at 0.1%, on the severity of tomato bacterial spot was evaluated in tomato seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The effects of citronella, lemongrass, clove, and tea tree EOs, at 0.1%, on X. vesicatoria cells were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. All EOs showed direct toxic effect on the bacteria at a 10%‑concentration in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, the EOs of clove, citronella, tea tree, and lemongrass reduced disease severity. EOs of clove and tea tree, and streptomycin sulfate promoted loss of electron‑dense material and alterations in the cytoplasm, whereas EO of tea tree promoted cytoplasm vacuolation, and those of citronella, lemongrass, clove, and tea tree caused damage to the bacterial cell wall. The EOs at a concentration of 0.1% reduce the severity of the disease