Farmacogenética em transplantação de órgãos sólidos

Os fármacos imunossupressores, tais como, a Ciclosporina (CsA) e o Tacrolimus (FK506) desempenham um papel fundamental na manutenção da funcionalidade dos enxertos, evitando o desenvolvimento dos processos de rejeição. Diferentes alterações na biodisponibilidade dos fármacos podem estar associadas à variabilidade genética interindividual, que condicionam o metabolismo e o transporte dos mesmos. A biodisponibilidade da CsA e do FK506, parece estar associada à variabilidade do gene do citocromo P450 IIIA (CYP3A) que desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de eliminação dos referidos fármacos, e ao gene “multi drug resistance 1” (MDR1), que codifica a poliglicoproteína-P (P-gp), uma proteína que participa nos processos de transporte activo de vários substratos. Assim, é objecto deste trabalho estudar variações genéticas pontuais (SNPs) nos genes CYP3A e MDR1, relacionando-as com as concentrações plasmáticas de CsA e de FK506. Este estudo, centra a sua atenção numa inserção de uma guanina no exão 3 do gene CYP3A, que origina um codão “stop” prematuro resultando uma proteína truncada. No que diz respeito ao gene MDR1, foi dada atenção a uma substituição G2677T,A no exão 21, e a uma substituição C1236T no exão 12. Para este propósito foram analisados dois grupos de transplantados renais, um a receber uma terapêutica imunosupressora baseada em CsA e um outro grupo a recorrer a uma terapêutica com FK506. Como resultado do estudo efectuado, verificou-se uma frequência de 65% (n=20) para a inserção G no exão 3 do gene CYP3A5, no grupo de indivíduos a realizar uma terapêutica baseada em CsA. No gene MDR1 verificou-se uma frequência de 3,7% (n= 27) para o SNP 1236C>T e uma frequência de 9,1% (n=22) para o SNP 2677G>T. No grupo de indivíduos a realizar uma terapêutica com base em FK506, a inserção no gene CYP3A5 ocorreu com uma frequência de 78,26% (n=23), o SNP 1236C>T no gene MDR1 verificou-se uma ocorrência de 8,7% (n=23) e a substituição G2677>T,A ocorreu com uma frequência de 5,56% (n=18). Com este estudo, foi possível concluir que, de entre os indivíduos transplantados a realizar uma terapêutica com base em FK506, os portadores da mutação C1236T no gene MDR1, apresentam uma concentração plasmática deste fármaco em 44,4% superior aos indivíduos “wild type”. Já os indivíduos portadores da mutação G2677T,A apresentam concentrações plasmáticas de FK506 em 44,7% superiores aos indivíduos “wild type”. Este facto, vem evidenciar a importância em termos da farmacodinâmica que algumas mutações apresentam. Assim, dada a grande variabilidade genética entre indivíduos, o conhecimento prévio de SNPs em genes associados com o metabolismo revela-se de grande relevância para a compreensão e optimização da terapêutica imunosupressora a instituir ao doente.Immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine (CsA) play an essential role in graft survival, preventing rejection. Large interindividual differences in drug metabolizing enzymes as well as in drug transporters make the task of reaching the optimal plasma concentration difficult. The bioavailability of CsA and FK506 seems to be associated with the Cytocrhome P450 IIIA (CYP3A) gene, which is responsible for the elimination process of such drugs. It has also been described that the Multi Drug Resistance 1 (MDR1) gene that encodes for poliglycoprotein-P (P-gp) may in some way influence the metabolizing action of immunosuppressive drugs such as FK506 and CsA. It is therefore the aim of this work, to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP3A and MDR1 genes and correlate this information with the plasma concentration of FK506 and CsA. In this study we focus our attention to a G insertion in exon 3 of CYP3A5 gene that results in premature stop codon originating a truncated protein. In the MDR1 gene we analyzed a 2677G>T,A substitution in exon 21 and a 1236C>T substitution in exon 12. For this purpose two distinct groups of renal transplant recipients were analyzed by sequencing, one receiving a CyA immunosuppressive regime and other relying on a FK506 based immunosuppression. For the group of individuals receiving a CyA regime it was found a 65% frequency (n=20) for the G insertion in exon 3 of the CYP3A5 gene. In the MDR1 gene the SNP 1236C>T occurred with a 3,7% frequency rate (n=27) and for the SNP 2677G>T,A the frequency was 9,1% (n=22). For the group of individuals receiving an FK506 regime the CYP3A5 insertion occurred in a frequency of 78,26% (n=23), the SNP 1236C>T of the MDR1 gene had a frequency of 8,7% (n=23) and the G2677>T,A substitution had a frequency of 5,56% (n=18). With this study, it is possible to conclude that in the group subjected to a FK506 based immunosuppression, those with the C1236T mutation in the MDR1 gene, had a plasma concentration 44,4% higher compared with Wild Type individuals. In the same group but regarding the individuals caring the G2677T,A mutation the plasma concentrations of FK506 were 44,7% higher than the wild type individuals. This fact reveals the significance that some mutations may have on the farmacodynamics of some drugs. Given the great genetic diversity between individuals, the knowledge of SNPs associated with metabolism, seems to be of great interest for the process of understanding and optimizing the right immunosuppressive regime

AIDS no estado do Rio Grande do Sul : aspectos epidemiológicos e sobrevida

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2018.Introdução: A presente tese analisa a situação epidemiológica da aids no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Objetivos: Descrever a epidemia de aids no RS e na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA), no período de 1980 a 2015; estimar a taxa de mortalidade por aids no RS, no período de 2003 a 2014; estimar o tempo de sobrevida e o perfil de mortalidade geral dos pacientes diagnosticados com aids no período de 2003 a 2007, no RS, com acompanhamento até 31 de dezembro de 2014; e investigar fatores associados. Métodos: Na primeira etapa do trabalho, realizou-se estudo descritivo, com base em dados secundários de casos de aids notificados de 1980 a 2015 no estado. As fontes dos dados secundários utilizadas no estudo foram: (1) Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan); (2) Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM); (3) Sistema de Controle de Exames Laboratoriais (Siscel); e (4) Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (Siclom). Na segunda etapa do trabalho, realizou-se um estudo de coorte retrospectivo e analítico. A população estudada constituiu-se de todos os pacientes diagnosticados como casos de aids no RS durante os anos de 2003 a 2007, perfazendo um total de 12.610, com seguimento até 2014, tomando-se como base de dados o Sinan, o Siscel e o SIM. As variáveis consideradas foram (1) sociodemográficas e comportamentais: sexo, raça/cor, faixa etária, escolaridade e categoria de exposição; (2) fatores relativos ao momento do diagnóstico: contagem de carga viral e níveis de linfócitos T-CD4+; (3) variáveis relativas à terapêutica: esquemas de tratamento disponíveis; e (4) variáveis relacionadas com a evolução clínica: sobrevida com aids. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade e a probabilidade acumulada de sobrevida para a coorte de pacientes ao primeiro, terceiro, quinto, sétimo, nono e décimo-segundo anos. Resultados: Observou-se aumento das taxas de detecção de aids no RS e na RMPA ao longo do período estudado. A RMPA detém 64% dos casos do estado. Observou-se o crescimento dos casos de aids entre mulheres e entre crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, sendo a taxa de mortalidade por aids no RS uma das maiores do Brasil. Chama a atenção o grande número de casos de aids cuja categoria de exposição é o uso de drogas injetáveis. Verificou-se que a taxa de mortalidade que variou de 15,63/1.000 em 2003 para 2,59/1.000 em 2014. Entre os pacientes diagnosticados de 2003 a 2007, a probabilidade acumulada de sobrevida até 12 anos foi estimada em 69,78% ± 0,30 para a Região Sul e 67,35% ± 0,42 para o RS. As probabilidades acumuladas de sobrevida para a coorte de pacientes diagnosticados entre 2003 e 2007, acompanhados até 2014, no estado, variaram segundo esquemas terapêuticos (sem HAART, com HAART1 e com HAART2) e variáveis sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas. Conclusão: A presente tese mostra que o RS apresenta situação epidemiológica diferenciada dos demais estados do Brasil, com altas taxas de detecção, mortalidade, coinfecção com tuberculose, prevalência entre parturientes e categoria de exposição usuários de drogas injetáveis. Esses dados sugerem políticas públicas de acordo com as características atuais da epidemia no estado, no sentido de averiguar se esta continua concentrada nas populações vulneráveis ou se já apresenta uma conjunção de epidemia concentrada e generalizada.Introduction: This thesis analyzes the epidemiological situation of AIDS in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Objectives: To describe the AIDS epidemic in RS and in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (RMPA), from 1980 to 2015; to estimate the AIDS mortality rate in RS, from 2003 to 2014; to estimate the survival time and the general mortality profile of patients diagnosed with AIDS from 2003 to 2007, in RS, with follow-up until December 31, 2014; and investigate associated factors. Methods: In the first stage of the research, a descriptive study was conducted based on secondary data from AIDS cases reported from 1980 to 2015 in the state. The sources of secondary data used in the study were: (1) Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN); (2) Mortality Information System (SIM); (3) Laboratory Test Control System (SISCEL); and (4) Logistic Control System for Medicines (SICLOM). In the second stage of the research, a retrospective and analytical cohort study was developed. The study population consisted of all patients diagnosed as cases of AIDS in RS during the years 2003 to 2007, making a total of 12,610, with a follow-up until 2014, taking Sinan, Siscel and SIM as databases. The variables considered were (1) sociodemographic and behavioral: gender, race/color, age group, schooling and exposure category; (2) factors related to the time of diagnosis: viral load and T-CD4 + lymphocyte levels; (3) treatment-related variables: available treatment regimens; and (4) variables related to clinical evolution: survival with AIDS. Mortality rates and cumulative survival probability were calculated for the cohort of patients at the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth and twelfth years. Results: An increase in the rates of detection of AIDS in the RS and in the RMPA during the period studied was observed. The RMPA accounts for 64% of the state's cases. The growth of AIDS cases among women and among children under five years old was noted, with the AIDS mortality rate in RS being one of the highest in Brazil. It is noteworthy the large number of cases of AIDS whose category of exposure is the use of injecting drugs. A mortality rate that varied from 15.63/1,000 in 2003 to 2.59/1,000 in 2014 was also observed. Among the patients diagnosed from 2003 to 2007, the cumulative probability of survival up to 12 years was estimated at 69.78% ± 0.30 for the South Region and 67.35% ± 0.42 for the RS. The cumulative survival probabilities for the cohort of patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2007, followed up until 2014 in the state, varied according to therapeutic regimens (without HAART, with HAART1 and with HAART2), and sociodemographic and epidemiological variables. Conclusion: The present thesis shows that RS presents a distinct epidemiological situation of the other Brazilian states, with high detection rates, mortality, tuberculosis coinfection, prevalence among parturients and injecting drug users category of exposure. These data suggest public policies according to the current characteristics of the epidemic in the state, in order to ascertain whether it remains concentrated in vulnerable populations or if it already has a concentrated and widespread epidemic conjuncture

Vigor de clones de umezeiro e pessegueiro 'Okinawa' propagados por estacas herbáceas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vigour of three mume's clones (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and 'Okinawa' peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagated by herbaceous cuttings, at field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, using four treatments (genotypes) and five repetitions, with 0.5 m among plants. 'Okinawa' peach presented larger trunck diameter, in relation to mume's clones. In the adjacent analysis of the variables, mume's Clone 10 reveals least vigorous, indicating the possibility of success as dwarf rootstock for peach tree.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o vigor de três clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) e do pessegueiro 'Okinawa' [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagados por estacas herbáceas, em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (genótipos) e cinco repetições. As plantas foram espaçadas 0,5 m entre si. O pessegueiro 'Okinawa' apresentou maior diâmetro do tronco, em relação aos clones de umezeiro. Na análise conjunta das variáveis, o Clone 10 revela-se o menos vigoroso, indicando a possibilidade de sucesso como porta-enxerto ananizante para pessegueiro

A micro-extraction technique using a new digitally controlled syringe combined with UHPLC for assessment of urinary biomarkers of oxidatively damaged DNA

The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells causes damage to biomolecules, including membrane lipids, DNA, proteins and sugars. An important type of oxidative damage is DNA base hydroxylation which leads to the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-HMUra). Measurement of these biomarkers in urine is challenging, due to the low levels of the analytes and the matrix complexity. In order to simultaneously quantify 8-oxodG and 5-HMUra in human urine, a new, reliable and powerful strategy was optimised and validated. It is based on a semi-automatic microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) technique, using a new digitally controlled syringe (eVolH), to enhance the extraction efficiency of the target metabolites, followed by a fast and sensitive ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The optimal methodological conditions involve loading of 250 mL urine sample (1:10 dilution) through a C8 sorbent in a MEPS syringe placed in the semi-automatic eVolH syringe followed by elution using 90 mL of 20% methanol in 0.01% formic acid solution. The obtained extract is directly analysed in the UHPLC system using a binary mobile phase composed of aqueous 0.1% formic acid and methanol in the isocratic elution mode (3.5 min total analysis time). The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), extraction yield, accuracy, precision and matrix effect. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of linearity (r2 . 0.991) within the established concentration range. The LOD varied from 0.00005 to 0.04 mg mL21 and the LOQ from 0.00023 to 0.13 mg mL21. The extraction yields were between 80.1 and 82.2 %, while inter-day precision (n=3 days) varied between 4.9 and 7.7 % and intra-day precision between 1.0 and 8.3 %. This approach presents as main advantages the ability to easily collect and store urine samples for further processing and the high sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness of eVolHMEPS combined with UHPLC analysis, thus retrieving a fast and reliable assessment of oxidatively damaged DNA.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O que sabemos sobre o screening de maus-tratos a adultos idosos: resultados da revisão de literatura do projeto SAVE

Background: Elder abuse is a widespread phenomenon worldwide. Using screening tools to identify suspected cases of abuse could be a helpful strategy to support professionals in recognising the signals and indicators of mistreatment and base the decision to request more comprehensive assessments. This literature review aims to answer three questions: 1) what arguments can be used in favour or against the screening process?; 2) what professionals conduct screening, in what contexts and how is screening perceived by professionals and older adults? and; 3) what screening instruments are used, in what countries, and what are their psychometric characteristics? Method: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Eight databases were searched, using multiple combinations of the keywords “elder abuse”, “mistreatment”, “older adults”, “violence”, “screening”, “assessment”, and “measurement”. Results: We found 7386 references, then analysed according to pre-established criteria resulting in 19 papers with relevant information for question 1, 25 for question 2 and 87 for question 3. As arguments in favour of screening, results indicate that identification of cases is key for intervention. Screening promotes the safety and well-being of older people and, when applicable, helps with legal reporting responsibilities. It also provides a base for assessment, heightens the professional awareness of the problem, and guides users through a systematic process of observation and documentation to ensure that manifestations of elder mistreatment will not be overlooked. As arguments against screening, the resulting point to the timeconsuming application process, the false negative/positive results, and its potential consequences for the older persons, their families, and professionals. The absence of knowledge about the frequency of adverse effects of elder abuse screening and their impact on clinical processes, costs and time requirements are also indicated as points against screening. Screening is mainly conducted by healthcare and social professionals. Nurses, physicians, and social workers were frequently reported as the primary professionals who screen for mistreatment. Very little information was found regarding the opinion of older adults about the screening process. Regarding screening tools, thirty-seven instruments were cited in the literature. Of these, eight tools were only used in research and are not yet field-tested. The twenty-nine remaining tools can be organized into four categories: 1) screening tools based on direct questioning that are short and versatile yes/no questionnaires used in multiple contexts by different professionals; 2) screening procedures based on observation or in-depth assessment, which are time-consuming and require extensive training and professional skills, but are also more accurate; 3) screening tools that specify the abuser, focusing on specific relationships and often require the evaluation of the alleged abuser; and 4) Screening tools for assessing a single form of abuse. Of these four categories, direct questioning tools are more flexible, adaptable, and easier to use but are also less reliable. Conclusion: The literature on elder abuse screening points to several compelling arguments both in favour and against screening. Though it is understood that screening is an important tool to raise suspicion on elder abuse, the lack of effective and practical tools and the unknown extent of potential negative consequences of screening are important factors to consider when thinking about the implementation of screening programmes. More research is necessary to fill these gaps and help professionals to make informed decisions. The use of screening tools beyond their distal possible positive effects on older adults is particularly useful to train social and healthcare professionals who deal with older adults more frequently. As such, training these professionals in good screening practices is essential to make screening feasible, raise awareness about elder abuse, and promote a broader view of the circumstances and factors around and within the older adult that can determine elder abuse.Project partnership: PCG - Poland (coordinator); VoiVa-Finland; Anziani e Non Solo - Italy; Cooperativa Assistenza Disabili Infermi Anziani Infanzia – Italy; Escola Superior de Enfermagem + Escola de Psicologia -Universidade do Minho - Portugal; Cyprus University of Technology - CyprusEuropean Commission / Erasmus+ Programme - "SAVE – Screening for Abuse Victims among Elderly No. 2020-1-PL01-KA202-081643

Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings

The use of lime as a binder in masonry lining mortars plays an important role in its conservation and durability. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of pre-existing and restoration mortars is essential in order to guarantee the compatibility between them and for avoiding the appearance of pathologies. The paper mainly focuses on the study of the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars to be applied in rehabilitation works in old buildings. Four types of mortars were tested with very similar workability, based on lime putty, aerial lime, and hydraulic lime. Sand and crushed rock powder were used as aggregates. Compressive and flexural strengths of the mortars were determined, as well as their ultrasonic pulse velocity. Furthermore, specific tests were carried out to characterize the performance of the mortar when used as a binder for plasters and coatings, such as the development of cracking, superficial water absorption under low pressure, and pull-off strength. According to the results obtained, mortars with lime putty showed better mechanical properties, while those with aerial lime had better behavior regarding water absorption under pressure. Despite that, it was generally possible to verify the adequacy of the studied mortars to be used in the rehabilitation of masonry elements.This work was partially funded through the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, IP, within the scope of the R&D Unit Institute for sustainability and innovation in structural engineering—ISISE (UIDP / 04029/2020), and by the ERDF through the COMPETE 2020 program, Portugal 2020, under the project POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033990 (iNBRail). The APC for publishing this article was funded by the Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte (at present re-named as Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital) de la GeneralitatValenciana (Spain) (grant code GV/2019/070). The research stay of José Marcos Ortega at the University of Coimbra was financially supported in part by the University of Alicante

Promoción del derecho al juego en las escuelas de la educación primaria en Portugal: impacto en el índice de satisfacción de los niños e en las interacciones en los recreos

Brincar é um Direito da Criança e considerando o tempo que as crianças passam no contexto escolar, este deve assumir-se enquanto contexto privilegiado para a promoção deste Direito. Foi implementado um programa de promoção do Direito a Brincar em escolas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB) de Lisboa, com o objetivo de melhorar as oportunidades lúdicas das crianças em contexto escolar. O estudo realizado é de natureza quantitativa e apresenta o impacto do programa de intervenção nas dimensões da satisfação das crianças e das interações ocorridas nos espaços de brincar exteriores após a intervenção. Constituem a amostra 357 sujeitos, 188 raparigas (52.7%) e 169 rapazes (47.3%), com idade 8.65±0.789. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de intervenção (G1 e G2) e um de controlo (G3). Utilizou-se um questionário para recolha do índice de satisfação, criado pela equipa de investigação e o questionário “Identificação das atividades e interações das crianças nos recreios” (Pereira, et al., 2016).Os resultados evidenciam que os grupos de intervenção demonstram uma maior satisfação com as pinturas de chão, mas o mesmo não acontece em relação aos materiais. Em relação aos materiais utilizados e às atividades desenvolvidas não existiram diferenças entre os grupos e é notória a prevalência de atividades e materiais ligados ao movimento e não a outras modalidades de atividade lúdica. Assim, o programa foi eficaz apenas em parte da intervenção o que pode ser explicado pelo facto do mesmo ter decorrido em período de restrições sanitárias ligadas à pandemia COVID-19. Palavras-chave: Brincar, jogo, 1º CEB, recreio, crianças, saúde, covid-19.Play is a Children's Right and considering the time that children spend in the school context, it must be assumed as a privileged context for the promotion of this Right. A program to promote the Right to Play was implemented in primary education schools in Lisbon, with the aim of improving the play opportunities children have in the school context. The study carried out is quantitative and shares statistical data on the impact of the programme, on the dimensions of children's satisfaction and children’s interactions that took place in the recess play spaces after the intervention.357 children participated in the study, 188 girls (52.7%) and 169 boys (47.3%), aged 8.65±0.789. The sample was divided into two intervention groups (G1 and G2) and a control group (G3). A questionnaire, created by the research team (exploratory study: n=33; α=0.708; study sample: n=357; α=0.781), was used to collect the satisfaction index, alongside with the questionnaire “Identification of activities and children's interactions in recess” (Pereira, et al., 2016). The intervention groups demonstrate greater satisfaction with game floor paintings, but the same does not happen in regards to the materials. The materials used and the activities developed did not showed differences between the groups and is clear the prevalence of activities and materials connected to movement and not to other play types. So, the program was effective only partially, what can be explained by the fact that the program took place during a period of sanitary restrictions regarding COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: Play, primary education, recess, children, health, covid-19.Jugar es un Derecho del Niño y considerando el tiempo que los niños pasan en el contexto escolar, éste debe ser asumido como un contexto privilegiado para la sua promoción. Se implementó un programa de promoción del Derecho al Juego en escuelas de Educación Primaria en Lisboa, con el objetivo de mejorar las oportunidades ludicas de los niños en el contexto escolar. El estudio es de carácter cuantitativo y comparte datosestadísticos sobre el impacto del programa, sobre las dimensiones de la satisfacción de los niños y las interacciones en los espacios de juego. La muestra tenía 357 sujetos, 188 niñas (52,7%) y 169 niños (47,3%), edad 8,65±0,789. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos de intervención (G1 y G2) y un de control (G3). Se utilizó un cuestionario para recoger el índice de satisfacción, elaborado por el equipo de investigación y el cuestionario “Identificación de actividades e interacciones de los niños en recreo” (Pereira, et al., 2016). Los grupos de intervención demuestran una mayor satisfacción con las pinturas de juegos de suelo, pero no ocurre lo mismo con los materiales. En los materiales utilizados y las actividades realizadas, no hubo diferencias y es notorio el predominio de actividades y materiales relacionados con el movimiento y no con otro tipo de actividad lúdica. Así, el programa solo fue efectivo en parte de la intervención, lo que se puede explicas por el hecho de que se llevó a cabo en un período de restricciones sanitarias vinculadas a la pandemia COVID-19. Palabras clave: Juego, educación primaria, recreo, niños, salud, covid-19

Avaliação de seis variedades de uvas sem sementes no Submédio São Francisco

This work aimed to study aspects related to vegetative and productive development of plants and characteristics and chemical components of bunches of six seedless grape varieties at environmental conditions of São Francisco river's valley, Northeastern Brazil. The experiment was carried out during 1997 and 1998. The varieties tested were grafted on IAC 572 ('Jales') rootstock. The experimental model utilized was totally randomized, and with parcels subdivided into different production cycles. The results showed significative differences among varieties at different pruning times. The average weight of bunches varied from 164.8 g for 'Marroo Seedless' and 203.5 g for 'Beauty Seedless'. The average diameter of berries was superior to 15.7 mm for all of the varieties. The total soluble solids varied from 14.05oBrix in 'Canner' to 19.6oBrix in 'Venus'. The total titratable acidity (ATT) was lower than 0.91 g tartaric acid/100 mL of juice. The ratio SST/ATT varied from 19.05 in 'Beauty Seedless' to 28.57 in 'Vênus'. 'Vênus' and 'Marroo Seedless' were the most productive varieties, with the average annual production of 24 ton/ha and 20 ton/ha, respectively.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo das plantas, às características físicas e à composição química dos frutos de seis variedades de uvas sem sementes nas condições do Submédio São Francisco. Os dados foram registrados durante os anos de 1997 e 1998. As variedades utilizadas foram enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto IAC 572 ('Jales'). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas nos ciclos de produção. Houve diferenças significativas na resposta da maioria das variedades entre as épocas de poda. O peso médio dos cachos variou entre 164,8 g na variedade Marroo Seedless, e 203,5 g na 'Beauty Seedless'. O diâmetro médio das bagas foi superior a 15,7 mm em todas as variedades. Foram obtidos teores de sólidos solúveis compreendidos entre 14,05ºBrix na variedade Canner e 19,6ºBrix na 'Vênus', enquanto a acidez total titulável foi inferior a 0,91 g de ácido tartárico/100 mL de suco, resultando em adequadas relações SST/ATT, que variaram entre 19,05 na variedade Beauty Seedless a 28,57 na 'Vênus'. As variedades Vênus e Marroo Seedless foram as mais produtivas, com produtividades anuais de 24 t/ha e 20 t/ha, respectivamente

Efeito da Calciocianamida na quebra de dormência, fertilidade das gemas, produtividade do vinhedo e qualidade da uva Cabernet Franc

Spraying calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) on canes of Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines at the pruning time at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30%, caused a linear increase in the percentage of bud burst, in the number of clusters per cane, in the fertility and yield per bud, in the productivity of the vineyard, and in the total acidity of grapes. Calcium cyanamide at the concentration of 30%, in relation to the control, bad the best results, because it caused an increase of 32.65% in bud burst, of 29.59% in the fertility per bud, and of 32.45% in the productivity of the vineyard. However, it caused a light decrease in pH and in the °Brix /total acidity ratio. None of the concentrations used caused a significant effect in the variables weight per cluster, length per sprout, fertility and yield per burst bud, and °Brix.A pulverização da calciocianamida (CaCN2) em varas da videira cv. Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera L.), por ocasião da poda seca, nas concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 20 e 30%, proporcionou um aumento linear na percentagem de gemas brotadas, no número de cachos por vara, na fertilidade e na produção de uva por gema, na produtividade do vinhedo e na acidez total da uva. A solução de calciocianamida na concentração de 30% foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados, pois, em relação à testemunha, proporcionou um aumento de 32,65% na brotação de gemas, de 29,59% na fertilidade por gema e de 32,45% na produtividade do vinhedo. Entretanto, causou um leve decréscimo no pH e na relação °Brix/acidez total da uva. Nenhuma das concentrações utilizadas causou efeito significativo nas variáveis peso por cacho, comprimento por broto, fertilidade e produção de uva por gema brotada e °Brix