RIOS URBANOS E PAISAGEM: DO CONVÍVIO À NEGAÇÃO EM CACHOEIRO DE ITAPEMIRIM ES

Historicamente as cidades brasileiras desenvolveram-se acompanhando leitos dágua. Muitos destes rios sofreram intenso processo de urbanização às suas margens, e sem um planejamento eficaz, passaram a servir apenas como local de descarte de resíduos e alheios à vida das cidades. Esta dissertação busca analisar as formas de ocupação no fundo de vale do Rio Itapemirim, na área urbana do município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, no sul do estado do Espírito Santo, e identificar as mudanças ao longo do tempo na paisagem urbana e na qualidade ambiental. A metodologia envolve estudos sobre o tema e a história do lugar, avaliação da legislação, exame de mapas, estatísticas, fotografias, imagens de satélite, aplicação em campo e análise das crônicas de Rubem Braga e de desenhos de Carybé. Para avaliação de impactos ambientais foi adotado o método desenvolvido por Amorim (2004) e para a análise da paisagem, foi utilizada a metodologia de Mendonça (2005). A principal mudança sentida é a contínua perda de incorporação do recurso hídrico no meio urbano, ressaltada pela degradação ambiental que foi submetido e a privatização das suas margens, impedindo a sua visualização e utilização, do ponto de vista coletivo, como um elemento admirável. Palavras-chave: Historicamente as cidades brasileiras desenvolveram-se acompanhando leitos dágua. Muitos destes rios sofreram intenso processo de urbanização às suas margens, e sem um planejamento eficaz, passaram a servir apenas como local de descarte de resíduos e alheios à vida das cidades. Esta dissertação busca analisar as formas de ocupação no fundo de vale do Rio Itapemirim, na área urbana do município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, no sul do estado do Espírito Santo, e identificar as mudanças ao longo do tempo na paisagem urbana e na qualidade ambiental. A metodologia envolve estudos sobre o tema e a história do lugar, avaliação da legislação, exame de mapas, estatísticas, fotografias, imagens de satélite, aplicação em campo e análise das crônicas de Rubem Braga e de desenhos de Carybé. Para avaliação de impactos ambientais foi adotado o método desenvolvido por Amorim (2004) e para a análise da paisagem, foi utilizada a metodologia de Mendonça (2005). A principal mudança sentida é a contínua perda de incorporação do recurso hídrico no meio urbano, ressaltada pela degradação ambiental que foi submetido e a privatização das suas margens, impedindo a sua visualização e utilização, do ponto de vista coletivo, como um elemento admirável. Palavras-chave: Rios urbanos; Cachoeiro de Itapemirim; Ocupação urbana; Paisagem; Impactos Ambientais

Liquid-liquid extraction in the presence of electrolytes of nisin and green fluorescent protein (GFPuv)

In the biotechnology field, it has been suggested that extractions in two-phase aqueous complex-fluid systems can possibly be used instead of, or as complementary processes to, the more typical chromatographic operations, to reduce the cost of the downstream processing of many biological products (Lam et al., 2004; Mazzola et al., 2006). This method offer attractive conditions to be applied in this study, thereby two-phase systems can be exploited in separation science for the extraction/purification of desired biomolecules directly on the culture medium (Mazzola et al., 2008). This study aimed to evaluate the aqueous two phase system (ATPS) composed by a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114 (TX), in presence or absence of electrolytes, to separate two interesting biomolecules: nisin and recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP). Results indicated that nisin partitions preferentially to the micelle rich-phase, with significant antimicrobial activity increase (up to 10-fold). GFP partitioned evenly between the phases in TX system without electrolytes.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP

Aquecimento ôhmico: novos desafios no tratamento térmico de materiais

[Excerto] Introdução: O tratamento térmico de materiais encontra-se dentre os processos mais utilizados industrialmente. Na indústria de alimentos, por exemplo, o tratamento térmico (por possuir ação letal sobre microorganismos) é o principal procedimento físico de que a tecnologia de alimentos dispõe para aumentar a vida útil dos alimentos (Ordóñez et al., 2005). Desta forma, novos métodos de aquecimento que acarretem em baixo gasto energético ou em maior eficiência energética continuam a atrair interesse Palaniappan e Sastry, 1992). Dentre as tecnologias de aquecimento emergentes, o aquecimento ôhmico apresenta-se bastante promissor. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimal network topologies for local search with congestion

The problem of searchability in decentralized complex networks is of great importance in computer science, economy and sociology. We present a formalism that is able to cope simultaneously with the problem of search and the congestion effects that arise when parallel searches are performed, and obtain expressions for the average search cost--written in terms of the search algorithm and the topological properties of the network--both in presence and abscence of congestion. This formalism is used to obtain optimal network structures for a system using a local search algorithm. It is found that only two classes of networks can be optimal: star-like configurations, when the number of parallel searches is small, and homogeneous-isotropic configurations, when the number of parallel searches is large.Comment: 4 pages. Final version accepted in PR

Processing of byproducts to improve nisin production by Lactococcus lactis

In the last years, disposal from dairy industries have received a special attention due its polluting power in the environment. For this reason, studies have obtained a positive support to develop different alternatives to recycle milk whey components. One of them is its utilization as culture media, aiming to produce biomolecules with noble applications. Nisin is an extracellular peptide, produced by Lactococcus lactis, this peptide has been applied as a natural additive once it presents broad antibacterial activity. Applications of this bacteriocin include dental care products, pharmaceutical products such as stomach ulcers and colon infection treatment and potential birth control. In batch cultures, L. lactis was performed in two different groups of assays. The first group milk whey was prepared in distilled water in four different concentrations: 100 g/l (S100); 50 g/l (S50); 30 g/l (S30); 10 g/l (S10). In the second group of assays, two supplements were added in milk whey with concentration 100 g/l (S100): (1) 5 g/l yeast extract (A1); (2) 5 g/l yeast extract and 10 ml (v/v) tomato extract. Nisin activity was assayed through agar diffusion utilizing Lactobacillus sakei. The results show that the utilization of powder milk whey with concentration of 100 g/l can be used as a culture medium with supplementation. This media is favorable to develop L. lactis cells and nisin production, reaching an activity of about 4 logAU. Biological processing of milk byproduct can be considered as one of the profitable utilization alternatives, generating high-value bioproducts and stimulates researches for its use.The authors wish to thank the Brazilian Committees for the Scientific Technology Research (CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES), for financial support and scholarship

Nisin biotechnological production : evaluation and perspectives in the development of new applications

Nisin is a commercially available bacteriocin of the lantibiotic group produced by Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454. The importance of nisin as an effective preservative is the fact that its spectrum of inhibitory activity includes almost all Gram-positive, Gram-negative and spoilage bacteria. With several favorable characteristics, this compound has been widely used as a natural food biopreservative. On the other hand, biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different raw materials (sucrose-containing feedstocks - mainly sugar cane, starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass) has led to the increase in the researches with trends for improving the bio-ethanol production. During these processes of bio-ethanol production antibiotic agents are added to the pre-fermented broth to prevent unwanted microbial growth. Thus, different questions have been made in relation to performance of the application of the nisin as a natural antibiotic to the ethanol production, as well as their beneficial effects about the yield and productivity in this process. However, the solution to this problematic depends firstly on how the development and implementation of technologies based on nisin production will be undertaken. Perspectives towards the development of modern procedures of nisin production are still needed. In this work the main proposal that has been discussed is the applicability of a novel micro-reactor operated under oscillatory flow mixing envisaged for parallel screening and/or development of industrial bioprocesses in the nisin production. For this reason, initially the objective of this study was to investigate the milk whey, a byproduct from dairy industries, in nisin production aiming to evaluate the growth conditions for L. lactis. In batch cultures, L. lactis was performed in raw milk whey and the nisin activity was assayed through agar diffusion utilizing Lactobacillus sakei ATCC 15521. The results showed that milk whey media is propitious to develop L. lactis cells and produce nisin, reaching activity around 105 AU.mL-1. Biological processing of milk sub-products (milk whey) can be considered one of profitable utilization alternatives, generating high-value bioproducts and contributing to decrease rivers disposal. The use of these sub-products as substrate together with further studies related to application of batch or continuous oscillatory flow reactor would take the more efficient nisin production and finally to a possibility of its evaluation and use in bio-ethanol production.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)FAPESP/BrasilCAPES/Brasi

Avaliação clínica de equinos submetidos a pneumotórax induzido por infusão contínua controlada de CO2

O artigo não apresenta resumo

From the superfluid to the Mott regime and back: triggering a non-trivial dynamics in an array of coupled condensates

We consider a system formed by an array of Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential with a superimposed periodic optical potential. Starting from the boson field Hamiltonian, appropriate to describe dilute gas of bosonic atoms, we reformulate the system dynamics within the Bose-Hubbard model picture. Then we analyse the effective dynamics of the system when the optical potential depth is suddenly varied according to a procedure applied in many of the recent experiments on superfluid-Mott transition in Bose-Einstein condensates. Initially the condensates' array generated in a weak optical potential is assumed to be in the superfluid ground-state which is well described in terms of coherent states. At a given time, the optical potential depth is suddenly increased and, after a waiting time, it is quickly decreased so that the initial depth is restored. We compute the system-state evolution and show that the potential jump brings on an excitation of the system, incorporated in the final condensate wave functions, whose effects are analysed in terms of two-site correlation functions and of on-site population oscillations. Also we show how a too long waiting time can destroy completely the coherence of the final state making it unobservable.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear on Journal of Physics B (Special Issue: Levico BEC workshop). Publication status update

Expectativas da equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica quanto à atuação do farmacêutico clínico

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as expectativas da equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica quanto às atividades a serem realizadas pelo farmacêutico clínico a fim de planejar seu trabalho junto com a equipe multidisciplinar. Desenho do estudo: Estudo transversal, envolvendo a equipe multidisciplinar da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital universitário terciário. Método: Um questionário autopreenchível contendo perguntas sobre as expectativas da equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica em relação ao papel do farmacêutico clínico na equipe multidisciplinar foi aplicado aos membros da equipe, utilizando a escala de resposta do tipo Likert. Resultados: Os auxiliares/ técnicos de enfermagem e fisioterapeutas mostraram maior expectativa em relação a questões relacionadas com a administração de medicamentos; para enfermeiros, a expectativa sobre o desempenho do farmacêutico clínico focou-se em questões relacionadas à prescrição de medicações, como a avaliação da antibioticoterapia, enquanto os médicos consideraram mais importantes informações sobre a terapia medicamentosa, como a notificação de alergias relacionadas às drogas, informações sobre o aprazamento de medicamentos e avaliação da administração de drogas por sonda gástrica ou enteral. Conclusões: As expectativas da equipe variaram de acordo com as necessidades e a rotina de cada categoria profissional. Os resultados deste estudo têm contribuído para a implantação do serviço de farmácia clínica em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiraObjective: We aimed to know the expectations of a pediatric intensive care unit staff for the activities to be undertaken by the clinical pharmacist, in order to plan her work along with the multidisciplinary team. Study design: A cross-sectional study, involving the multidisciplinary team of the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary-care university hospital. Method: A self-completion questionnaire containing questions regarding expectations of the pediatric intensive care unit staff for the role of the clinical pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team was applied to the team members, using a Likert-type scale response. Results: The nursing assistants/technicians and physiotherapists showed higher expectation for issues related to administration of medications; for nurses, the expectation for the clinical pharmacist performance focused on issues related to prescription drugs, such as evaluation of antibiotic therapy, while physicians considered most important information on drug therapy, as notification of allergies related to drugs, information on period of validity of medicines and evaluation of drug administration by gastric or enteral tubes. Conclusions: Team expectations varied according to the needs and routine of each professional category. The results of this study have contributed to implementation of the clinical pharmacy service in a Brazilian pediatric intensive care uni