Influencia de la irrigación en el atizonamiento de las hojas de ñame (Dioscorea cayennensis) por Curvularia eragrostidis en el N.E. de Brasil

El atizonmiento de las hojas(quema), causado por Curvularia eragrostidis, es una de las principales enfermedades del ñame (Dioscorea cayennensis) en elnoreste brasilero. Por esto se analizó el progreso y patrón espacial de la enfermedad en cuatro áreas con plantaciones comerciales de  ñame, dos irrigadas (A y B ) y dos no irrigadas (Cy D), localizadas en ell municipio deAlianca, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.En las áreas irrigadas, la cantidad inicial y la máxima severidad de la  enfermedad, fueron superiores a las verificadas en las áreas no irrigadas. Utilizando el modelo de Gompertz, no se verificaron diferencias significativas entre  las tasas de progreso de la enfermedad, siendo idénticas en las áreas A, B, C y ligeramente inferior en el área D. Los valores de área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad fueron superiores en las áreas irrigadas, aunque con pequeña diferencia a lo constatado en el área D. En las áreas B, C y D, las plantas enfermas presentaron un patrón aleatorio, dentro y entre las lineas de plantación  y el área A presentó un patrón agregado, especialmente entre las lineas.Considerando estos resultados, es posible concluir que la irrigación no tuvo influencia significativa en la severidad de la mancha necrótica de las hojas deñame ni en la agregación de plantas enfermas dentro de las áreas de plantación

A method for the complete analysis of NORM building materials by γ-ray spectrometry using HPGe detectors

[EN] A methodology including software tools for analysing NORM building materials and residues by low-level gamma-ray spectrometry has been developed. It comprises deconvolution of gamma-ray spectra using the software GALEA with focus on the natural radionuclides and Monte Carlo simulations for efficiency and true coincidence summing corrections. The methodology has been tested on a range of building materials and validated against reference materials

Induction of a gloverin-like antimicrobial polypeptide in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis challenged by septic injury

Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important pest for Brazilian sugarcane. In the present study, we detected two distinct spots in hemolymph from septic injured larvae (HDs1 and HDs2), which are separated by 2DE gel electrophoresis. Both spots were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis, which revealed the sequence VFGTLGSDDSGLFGK present in both HDs1 and HDs2. This sequence had homology and 80% identity with specific Lepidoptera antimicrobial peptides called gloverins. Analyses using the ImageMaster 2D software showed pI 8.94 of the HDs1 spot, which is similar to that described to Hyalophora gloveri gloverin (pI 8.5). Moreover, the 14-kDa molecular mass of the spot HDs1 is compatible to that of gloverins isolated from the hemolymph of Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa armigera and H. gloveri. Antimicrobial assays with partially purified fractions containing the HDs1 and HDs2 polypeptides demonstrated activity against Escherichia coli. This is the first report of antimicrobial polypeptides in D. saccharalis, and the identification of these peptides may help in the generation of new strategies to control this pest

Analysis of milk using a portable potentiometric electronic tongue based on five polymeric membrane sensors

A portable potentiometric electronic tongue (PE-tongue) was developed and applied to evaluate the quality of milk with different fat content (skimmed, semi-skimmed, and whole) and with different nutritional content (classic, calcium-enriched, lactose-free, folic acid-enriched, and enriched in sterols of vegetal origin). The system consisted of a simplified array of five sensors based on PVC membranes, coupled to a data logger. The five sensors were selected from a larger set of 20 sensors by applying the genetic algorithm (GA) to the responses to compounds usually found in milk including salts (KCl, CaCl2, and NaCl), sugars (lactose, glucose, and galactose), and organic acids (citric acid and lactic acid). Principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) results indicated that the PE-tongue consisting of a five-electrode array could successfully discriminate and classify milk samples according to their nutritional content. The PE-tongue provided similar discrimination capability to that of a more complex system formed by a 20-sensor array. SVM regression models were used to predict the physicochemical parameters classically used in milk quality control (acidity, density, %proteins, %lactose, and %fat). The prediction results were excellent and similar to those obtained with a much more complex array consisting of 20 sensors. Moreover, the SVM method confirmed that spoilage of unsealed milk could be correctly identified with the simplified system and the increase in acidity could be accurately predicted. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using the simplified PE-tongue to predict milk quality and provide information on the chemical composition of milk using a simple and portable system.We appreciate the financial support of MINECO-FEDER Plan Nacional (RTI 2018-097990-B-100) and Junta de Castilla y Leon - FEDER (VA275P18) and “Infraestructuras Red de Castilla y León (INFRARED)” UVA01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influencia de la distancia de plantación y selección de genotipos de mani (Arachis hypogaea L.) resistentes a Cercosporidium personatum (Berk & Curt.)Deigh. y Puccinia arachidis Speg.

La mancha negra y la roya, causadas respectivamente por los hongos Cercosporidium  personatum y Puccinia arachidis, constituyen las principales enfermedades del maní en el  N.E. brasilero. Buscando contribuir al manejo integrado de esas enfermedades, 15 genotipos de maní  fueron analizados con respecto a los niveles de resistencia bajo condiciones naturales de infección.El diseño se efectuó en bloques completos al azar, con 5 repeticiones. La evaluación fue efectuada a los 85 días después de la siembra, midiendose la incidencia y la severidad de las enfermedades en 45 folíolos por parcela.Los genotipos BR-1, L2IAC2, CNPA Senegal y CNPA 125 AM, se destacaron de los demas al evidenciar los menores niveles de severidad de la mancha negra, mientras en la incidencia de la roya se destacó CNPA Senegal y CNPA Havana. El efecto de los tipos de espacimientos de siembra fueron de 0,3, 0,5 y 0,7 m entre líneas con 5, 10 y 15 plantas/m lineal. Los niveles de severidad de las enfermedades fueron analizados utilizándose el cultivar IAC Tupa.  La evaluación fue efectuada 90 días después de fa siembra, en 45 folíolos de la línea central de cada parcela. Los reslIltados no evidenciaron un efecto significativo de los tipos de espacimientos en la severidad de la mancha negra y de la roya

Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial Ca2+i signaling: The mechanism for the laeger agonist-mediated Ca2+i signals in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia

In cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, abnormal epithelial ion transport likely initiates mucus stasis, resulting in persistent airway infections and chronic inflammation. Mucus clearance is regulated, in part, by activation of apical membrane receptors coupled to intracellular calcium (Ca2+ i) mobilization. We have shown that Ca2+i signals resulting from apical purinoceptor (P2Y2-R) activation are increased in CF compared with normal human airway epithelia. The present study addressed the mechanism for the larger apical P2Y2-R-dependent Ca2+i signals in CF human airway epithelia. We show that the increased Ca2+i mobilization in CF was not specific to P2Y2-Rs because it was mimicked by apical bradykinin receptor activation, and it did not result from a greater number of P2Y2-R or a more efficient coupling between P2Y2-Rs and phospholipase C-generated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Rather, the larger apical P2Y 2-R activation-promoted Ca2+i signals in CF epithelia resulted from an increased density and Ca2+ storage capacity of apically confined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. To address whether the ER upregulation resulted from ER retention of misfolded ΔF508 CFTR or was an acquired response to chronic luminal airway infection/inflammation, three approaches were used. First, ER density was studied in normal and CF sweat duct human epithelia expressing high levels of ΔF508 CFTR, and it was found to be the same in normal and CF epithelia. Second, apical ER density was morphometrically analyzed in airway epithelia from normal subjects, ΔF508 homozygous CF patients, and a disease control, primary ciliary dyskinesia; it was found to be greater in both CF and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Third, apical ER density and P2Y2-R activation-mobilized Ca2+i, which were investigated in airway epithelia in a long term culture in the absence of luminal infection, were similar in normal and CF epithelia. To directly test whether luminal infection/inflammation triggers an up-regulation of the apically confined ER Ca2+ stores, normal airway epithelia were chronically exposed to supernatant from mucopurulent material from CF airways. Supernatant treatment expanded the apically confined ER, resulting in larger apical P2Y2-R activation-dependent Ca2+i responses, which reproduced the increased Ca2+i signals observed in CF epithelia. In conclusion, the mechanism for the larger Ca2+i signals elicited by apical P2Y2-R activation in CF airway epithelia is an expansion of the apical ER Ca2+ stores triggered by chronic luminal airway infection/inflammation. Greater ER-derived Ca2+i signals may provide a compensatory mechanism to restore, at least acutely, mucus clearance in CF airways

V Seminario Ibérico / I Seminario Iberoamericano Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad en la enseñanza de las ciencias

Reseñ

Atlantic frugivory: a plant–frugivore interaction data set for the Atlantic Forest

Non peer reviewe

A geometric approach to time evolution operators of Lie quantum systems

Lie systems in Quantum Mechanics are studied from a geometric point of view. In particular, we develop methods to obtain time evolution operators of time-dependent Schrodinger equations of Lie type and we show how these methods explain certain ad hoc methods used in previous papers in order to obtain exact solutions. Finally, several instances of time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian are solved.Comment: Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Theoretical Physic

The lithium stellarator experiment. TJ-II as a benchmark

In the last years, lithium wall conditioning has been carried out in several fusion devices (Tokamaks, Compact Toruses) by different techniques, providing in many instances record values of plasma parameters and enhanced plasma reproducibility. Behind these findings are the low recycling, low contamination and non-coronal enhanced radiative power dissipation properties of Li. Stellarators are best suited for reactor concepts as far as they basically free from extreme thermal load events. However, the potential problem of impurity accumulation must be taken into account. Therefore, the use of low Z elements as PFC would be highly desirable. In the present work, the plasma performance of the TJ-II Heliac under Li-coated wall conditions with lithium is described. Compared to previous coatings, lithium has produced the best plasma performance to date, leading to the achievement of record values in plasma density and energy confinement. In the present work, the impact of the Li coating operation on reactor relevant issues, such as particle exhaust and retention, high-density operation, confinement characteristics and plasma wall interaction issues is stressed.На протязі останніх років обробку стінок літієм було проведено в кількох термоядерних установках (токамаки, компактні тори) з використанням різних методів, що забезпечило у багатьох випадках одержання плазми з рекордними параметрами та покращеним відтворенням результатів. Ці результати пов’язані з низьким рециклінгом, що властивий літію, слабким забрудненням плазми і підвищеним не корональним поглинанням випромінювання. Стеларатори краще за все підходять для концепції реактора, бо в них у принципі не може бути підвищених теплових навантажень. Але треба враховувати можливість накопичення домішок. Тому конче бажано в поверхнях, які повернені до плазми, використовувати елементи з низьким Z. В даній роботі описано експерименти по одержанню плазми в геліаку TJ-II в умовах покриття стінок літієм. Порівняно з покриттями, що використовувалися раніше, літій забезпечив одержання плазми з найкращими на даний час параметрами, дозволивши досягти рекордних значень гущини плазми та утримання енергії. Підкреслена важливість літієвого покриття для таких аспектів реактора, як втрати і затримування частинок, робота при високій гущині, характеристики утримання та взаємодія плазма-стінка.В течение последних лет обработка стенок литием была проведена в нескольких термоядерных установках (токамаки, компактные торы) с использованием различных методов, что обеспечило во многих случаях получение плазмы с рекордными параметрами и улучшенной воспроизводимостью результатов. Эти результаты связаны со свойственными литию низким рециклингом, слабым загрязнением плазмы и повышенным не корональным поглощением излучения. Стеллараторы лучше всего подходят для концепции реактора, ибо у них в принципе не может быть повышенных тепловых нагрузок. Однако, необходимо учитывать возможность накопления примесей. Поэтому весьма желательно в поверхностях, обращённых к плазме, использовать элементы с низким Z. В настоящей работе описаны эксперименты по получению плазмы в гелиаке TJ-II в условиях покрытия стенок литием. По сравнению с покрытиями, которые использовались раньше, литий обеспечил получение плазмы с наилучшими в настоящее время параметрами, позволив достичь рекордных значений плотности плазмы и удержания энергии. Подчёркивается важность литиевого покрытия для таких аспектов реактора, как расход и удерживание частиц, работа при большой плотности, характеристики удержания и взаимодействие плазма-стенка