Documentação técnica de produtos de padaria e pastelaria ultracongelados

Resumo Este relatório surge como resultado do Estágio do Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar da Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra. Este decorreu entre os dias 9 de janeiro e 7 de julho de 2017, na empresa Panicongelados – Massas congeladas, S.A. O objetivo definido foi proceder à revisão da grande maioria da documentação técnica inerente à gama de produtos disponibilizados pela empresa. O desenvolvimento do estágio esteve intensamente relacionado com a preparação de alguns dos requisitos estabelecidos pela Norma IFS Food, de onde se destaca o controlo de fornecedores, a atualização de alguma documentação de segurança alimentar, como é o caso de análises de riscos e planos de controlo analítico, assim como revisão de fichas técnicas, etiquetas de produtos e controlo de alergénios. Para a revisão dos planos de controlo e análise de risco foi importante introduzir melhorias e adequar estes mesmos documentos à atual realidade da empresa. Quanto à atualização das fichas técnicas foi relevante incluir, de forma detalhada, todas as informações atuais e indispensáveis para cada uma das referências. De concluir que o estágio considerado possibilitou não só aplicar conceitos teóricos em prática, como ainda alcançar múltiplos conhecimentos referentes à indústria de produtos de padaria e pastelaria ultracongelados. Palavras-chave: Norma IFS, Padaria, Pastelaria, Produtos ultracongelados Abstract This report is the result of the internship from the master's program in Food Engineering at Coimbra College of Agriculture. The internship took place at Panicongelados - Massas Congeladas, S.A., between 9th january and 7th july, 2017. Its main goal was the revision of the technical documentation related to the company's product range, namely those related to the IFS Food standard. A large part of the work carried out during the internship was related to the requirements of the IFS Food standard. Among these requirements, some procedures were implemented regarding supplier's control. A part of the food safety documentation, such as risk analysis and the analytical control plans, was reviewed and updated. The products datasheets and labels were also reviewed and updated. Finally, an allergen control plan was developed. The review of all the documentation was done in order to improve it and to make it more adequate to the factory's actual conditions. The datasheets were update taking into consideration all the legal requirements applicable and to make them reflect the changes that have been introduced since their last update. This internship has not only allowed the application of theoretical concepts to a real situtation, but also to gain a better understanding of the deep-frozen bakery and pastry industry. Keywords: IFS Standard, Bakery, Pastry, Deep-frozen product

Valorization of sugarcane by-products through synthesis of biogenic amorphous silica microspheres for sustainable cosmetics

Ashes from sugarcane by-product incineration were used to synthesize silica powders through alkaline hot extraction, followed by ethanol/acid precipitation or the sol–gel method. Both production methods allowed amorphous spherical silica microparticles with sizes ranging from 1–15 μm and 97% purity to be obtained. Water absorption ranged from 135–155 mL/100 g and 150–250 mL/100 g for precipitated silica and silica gel, respectively, while oil absorption ranged from 305 to 390 and from 250 to 350 mL/100 g. The precipitation with ethanol allowed the recovery of 178 g silica/kg ash, with a lab process cost of EUR 28.95/kg, while the sol-gel process showed a yield of 198 g silica/kg ash with a cost of EUR 10.89/kg. The experimental data suggest that ash from sugarcane by-products is a promising source to be converted into a competitive value-added product, minimizing the environmental impact of disposal problems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estilo de vida de adolescentes e sua relação com fatores de risco para Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica

Adolescents’ lifestyles have been associated with health-damaging behaviors that are directly related to lifestyle habits. This study aimed to analyze the lifestyle of adolescents and their relationship with risk factors for Systemic Arterial Hypertension, as well as to outline the sociodemographic profile; identify the main cardiovascular risk factors and investigate the lifestyle habits of adolescents related to the prevalence of SAH. It was an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative data analysis strategy, developed in a high school institution in the municipality of Crateús-CE. For this, sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected from the study participants and the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (QEVF) was applied. 144 students from the Manoel Mano State School of Professional Education participated in the study, where 52.77% (n = 76) were female and called themselves brown (54.86%, n = 79). The average age of the participants was 15.88 ± 0.08 years, with 35.41% (n = 51) between 16 and 17 years old. Regarding the clinical data of the study sample, it was found that the participants had an average heart rate (HR) of 84.59 ± 1.10 bpm. Considering the maximum QEVF score, it was possible to evidence satisfactory levels of quality of life, with an average of the general score of 90 ± 0.86 points. In view of the results obtained, it was possible to detect that the adolescents participating in the study presented risk factors for the development of SAH in their lifestyle: poor diet and physical inactivity. However, it was also found that the study sample had body weight and BMI within the normal range, with no evidence of obesity. Thus, the proposal of measures and actions that provide a better lifestyle to the students participating in this study should be implemented.O estilo de vida dos adolescentes tem sido associado a comportamentos prejudiciais à saúde que estão diretamente relacionados aos hábitos de vida. Esse estudo objetivou analisar o estilo de vida de adolescentes e a sua relação com os fatores de risco para Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, bem como traçar o perfil sociodemográfico; identificar os principais fatores de risco cardiovasculares e investigar os hábitos de vida dos adolescentes relacionados à prevalência da HAS. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal com estratégia de análise de dados quantitativa, desenvolvido em uma instituição de ensino médio no município de Crateús-CE. Para tanto, foi realizada coleta de dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e clínicos dos participantes do estudo e aplicado o Questionário Estilo de Vida Fantástico (QEVF). Participaram do estudo 144 estudantes da Escola Estadual de Educação Profissional Manoel Mano, onde 52,77% (n=76) eram do gênero feminino e se auto denominavam de cor parda (54,86%, n=79). A idade média dos participantes foi 15,88 ± 0,08 anos, sendo que 35,41% (n=51) possuíam entre 16 e 17 anos. Com relação aos dados clínicos da amostra do estudo foi verificado que os participantes apresentaram valor médio de frequência cardíaca (FC) de 84,59 ± 1,10 bpm. Considerando a pontuação máxima do QEVF, foi possível evidenciar níveis satisfatórios de qualidade de vida, com média de escore geral de 90 ± 0,86 pontos. Face aos resultados obtidos foi possível detectar que os adolescentes participantes do estudo apresentaram em seu estilo de vida fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de HAS: má alimentação e sedentarismo. Todavia também foi verificado que a amostra em estudo apresentou peso corporal e IMC dentro da normalidade, não evidenciando índices para a obesidade. Assim, a proposição de medidas e ações que proporcionem um melhor estilo de vida aos estudantes participantes desse estudo deve ser implantada

Reuma.pt/vasculitis - the Portuguese vasculitis registry

BACKGROUND: The vasculitides are a group of rare diseases with different manifestations and outcomes. New therapeutic options have led to the need for long-term registries. The Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register, Reuma.pt, is a web-based electronic clinical record, created in 2008, which currently includes specific modules for 12 diseases and > 20,000 patients registered from 79 rheumatology centres. On October 2014, a dedicated module for vasculitis was created as part of the European Vasculitis Society collaborative network, enabling prospective collection and central storage of encrypted data from patients with this condition. All Portuguese rheumatology centres were invited to participate. Data regarding demographics, diagnosis, classification criteria, assessment tools, and treatment were collected. We aim to describe the structure of Reuma.pt/vasculitis and characterize the patients registered since its development. RESULTS: A total of 687 patients, with 1945 visits, from 13 centres were registered; mean age was 53.4 ± 19.3 years at last visit and 68.7% were females. The most common diagnoses were Behçet's disease (BD) (42.5%) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) (17.8%). Patients with BD met the International Study Group criteria and the International Criteria for BD in 85.3 and 97.2% of cases, respectively. Within the most common small- and medium-vessel vasculitides registered, median [interquartile range] Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) at first visit was highest in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) (17.0 [12.0]); there were no differences in the proportion of patients with AAV or polyarteritis nodosa who relapsed (BVAS≥1) or had a major relapse (≥1 major BVAS item) during prospective assessment (p = 1.00, p = 0.479). Biologic treatment was prescribed in 0.8% of patients with GCA, 26.7% of patients with AAV, and 7.6% of patients with BD. There were 34 (4.9%) deaths reported. CONCLUSIONS: Reuma.pt/vasculitis is a bespoke web-based registry adapted for routine care of patients with this form of rare and complex diseases, allowing an efficient data-repository at a national level with the potential to link with other international databases. It facilitates research, trials recruitment, service planning and benchmarking.publishersversionpublishe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution