Serum, Saliva, and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Osteocalcin: Their Relation to Periodontal Status and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Periodontitis and osteoporosis are characterized by the loss of bone mass. Osteocalcin levels have been postulated as a marker of inhibition of bone formation. The aim of the present study was to assess plasma, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of osteocalcin and correlate them with periodontitis and osteoporosis. Methods: Seventy-three postmenopausal women, over 35 years old, were recruited for the study. Serum, saliva, and GCF osteocalcin were measured. Vertebral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Thirty-four (46.6%) were classified in the normal healthy bone group, 11 women (15.1%) in the osteopenic group, and 28 women (38.4%) in the osteoporotic group. No statistically significant differences between these densitometric groups were observed in probing depth (P = 0.24); clinical attachment level (P = 0.11); or mean osteocalcin concentrations in serum, saliva, and GCF. Twenty-seven (37.0%) of the women were classified without periodontitis (NPG) and 63.0% (N = 46) with periodontal disease (PG). There were no statistical differences in serum and saliva osteocalcin concentrations between these two groups. GCF osteocalcin concentrations were significantly higher in the PG women than in the NPG group (P = 0.008). Mean probing depth correlated significantly with GCF osteocalcin concentrations (r = 0.35; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results further support the concept that osteocalcin levels in GCF correlates with periodontal but not with osteoporosis status

Consejo Genético

Hereditary cancer affects 5-10% of the oncologic patients that we see ordinary in a medical oncology department. However, the great majority of the oncologist have a little knowledgement about this issue. The molecular and clinical advances in this field has provided us to detect high risk people to suffer some types of cancer, because they are germline mutation carriers in any susceptibility genes (genetic tests) and, also, the possibility of reduce the risk of suffering this disease almost in 100% of the cases (prophylactic surgery). In this paper we analyze the state-of-the-art in some aspects of hereditary cancer and its clinical management, also a little revision about the psychological situations in this type of clinical counselling

Reacción liquenoide oral en relación con una restauración de amalgama de plata

La amalgama de plata es uno de los materiales de uso odontológico, frente al que se pueden producir reacciones de hipersensibilidad. La forma más frecuente es la aparición de una reacción liquenoide, que afecta a la mucosa oral en contacto directo con la restauración de amalgama y que está producida por una reacción de hipersensibilidad retardada tipo IV, como respuesta inmune mediada por células frente al mercurio o a algún otro componente de la amalgama dental. En este trabajo presentamos un caso de reacción liquenoide oral (RLO) asociada a una restauración de amalgama de plata. Una mujer de 38 años de edad solicitó asistencia odontológica para el tratamiento de la caries del diente #37, realizándose una preparación cavitaria clase I de Black, que se rellenó con amalgama de plata. Pasados 19 meses, la paciente volvió al consultorio dental, apreciándose una zona atrófica, ligeramente eritematosa, en la mucosa yugal izquierda, justamente en la región de mucosa contactante con el molar restaurado con amalgama de plata. La mucosa yugal derecha tenía un aspecto normal. La paciente había sentido cierta sensación rara en esa zona al comer comidas picantes. No había recibido ningún tipo de tratamiento desde la anterior visita, ni presentaba antecedentes alérgicos. Tras la toma de biopsia, el estudio anatomopatológico demostró cambios histológicos compatibles con liquen plano oral. La paciente decidió no recambiar la restauración, por valorar que no tenía molestias importantes y no deseaba someterse de nuevo al tratamiento. Las restauraciones de otros dientes se le realizaron con resina compuesta, sin que se produjese reacción alguna en la mucosa.Hypersensitivity to mercury associated with amalgam restorations may occur and present in one of two different ways. Most commonly it presents as an oral lichenoid reaction affecting oral mucosa in direct contact with an amalgam restoration and represents a delayed, type IV, cell mediated immune response to mercury or one of the other constituents of the dental amalgam. We report a case of oral lichenoid reaction associated to amalgam restoration. A 38 year-old woman presented a caries lesion of tooth #37. A Black's class I preparation was performed and filled with amalgam. After 19 months, intra-oral examination revealed atrophic lesion, lightly erythematous, affecting the left buccal mucous. The lesion contacted directly with the amalgam restoration in the lower first molar. The right buccal mucosa was normal. His medical history was unremarkable, he was taking no medication and had no known allergies. However, the patient had felt certain rare sensation in that zone when eating sharp meals. Biopsy showed histological changes compatible with oral lichen planus. The patient decided not to change again the restoration, because she did not have important annoyances and she did not wish to be treated again. Other restorations were performed with composite resins, and no reaction was evidenced in the mucosa

Segona cita d’Eustoma forneri Calzada, 1996 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l’Hauterivià de Cinctorres (conca del Maestrat)

Es fa la segona cita de l’espècie Eustoma forneri Calzada, 1996, ampliant la distribució geogràfica almunicipi de Cinctorres dins la mateixa conca sedimentària del Maestrat on està la localitat tipus:Castellfort. També es tracta del mateix estrat tipus Hauterivià. S’indiquen algunes diferències respectede l’holotip com ara el nombre de voltes i nombre de tubercles de la decoració de les voltes que esconsideren dins la variació intraespecífica.Second record of Eustoma forneri Calzada, 1996 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from theHauterivian of Cinctorres (Maestrat basin) It is the second record of the species Eustoma forneri Calzada, 1996, expanding geographic distribution into Cinctorres municipality. The new locality is within the same sedimentary Maestrat basin where thetype locality is: Castellfort. It also belongs to the same Hauterivian type strata. We show some differencesfrom the holotype such as the number of whorls and number of decoration tubers of the whorls that areconsidered within the intraspecific variation of the taxon

JPEG Compressed Images Can Bypass Protections Against AI Editing

Recently developed text-to-image diffusion models make it easy to edit or create high-quality images. Their ease of use has raised concerns about the potential for malicious editing or deepfake creation. Imperceptible perturbations have been proposed as a means of protecting images from malicious editing by preventing diffusion models from generating realistic images. However, we find that the aforementioned perturbations are not robust to JPEG compression, which poses a major weakness because of the common usage and availability of JPEG. We discuss the importance of robustness for additive imperceptible perturbations and encourage alternative approaches to protect images against editing.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

A Multi-Temporal Object-Based Image Analysis to Detect Long-Lived Shrub Cover Changes in Drylands

Climate change and human actions condition the spatial distribution and structure of vegetation, especially in drylands. In this context, object-based image analysis (OBIA) has been used to monitor changes in vegetation, but only a few studies have related them to anthropic pressure. In this study, we assessed changes in cover, number, and shape of Ziziphus lotus shrub individuals in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem in SE Spain over a period of 60 years and related them to human actions in the area. In particular, we evaluated how sand mining, groundwater extraction, and the protection of the area affect shrubs. To do this, we developed an object-based methodology that allowed us to create accurate maps (overall accuracy up to 98%) of the vegetation patches and compare the cover changes in the individuals identified in them. These changes in shrub size and shape were related to soil loss, seawater intrusion, and legal protection of the area measured by average minimum distance (AMD) and average random distance (ARD) analysis. It was found that both sand mining and seawater intrusion had a negative effect on individuals; on the contrary, the protection of the area had a positive effect on the size of the individuals’ coverage. Our findings support the use of OBIA as a successful methodology for monitoring scattered vegetation patches in drylands, key to any monitoring program aimed at vegetation preservation

Aplicación del cuestionario multidimensional del impacto de la evaluación de riesgo de cáncer (MICRA), en una muestra española

It is studied the psychosocial impact of Counselling Genetic Oncology (CGO) on the participants who have received the genetic test results. A sample of 59 participants that had undertaken genetic testing and received results was assessed by The Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) Questionnaire.It was studied possible differences in psychosocial impact according to: result type of, previous oncologist diagnosis, time passed from result communication and type of hereditarysyndrome. The outcomes showed that GCO does notproduce negative psychosocial impact. There were not differences by previous diagnosis,time communication and type of hereditary syndrome on MICRA. It is necessary more research for Spanish MICRA adaptation with the purpose to dispose of a specific instrument effective for psyhosocial impact study of genetic testing

Radial basis function interpolation in the limit of increasingly flat basis functions

We propose a new approach to study Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation in the limit of increasingly flat functions. The new approach is based on the semi-analytical computation of the Laurent series of the inverse of the RBF interpolation matrix described in a previous paper [3]. Once the Laurent series is obtained, it can be used to compute the limiting polynomial interpolant, the optimal shape parameter of the RBFs used for interpolation, and the weights of RBF finite difference formulas, among other things.This work has been supported by Spanish MICINN Grants FIS2010-18473, FIS2013-41802-R, CSD2010-00011