Scientific Retrospective of the Farm Irrigation Systems Efficient Use

This article presents the results of a scientific-practical research on Russian agribusiness ameliorative department efficiency. There are the results of the analysis and retrospective of domestic and foreign views on the agriculture effectiveness and, in particular, the irrigated agriculture efficiency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries’ experience. The methodological approaches to understanding the economic development effectiveness are clarified and an extended classification of efficiency types is proposed. The author’s approach to the farm irrigation systems efficient use concept is presented. The agricultural economic efficiency structure has been determined. The factors that can contribute to increasing the investment attractiveness and efficiency of irrigated agriculture are identified. Theoretical and methodological approaches to assess the irrigated agriculture effectiveness, considering the problems identified in the process of this study, are proposed

Mechanisms of regulation of invasive processes in phytoplankton on the example of the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. In the north-eastern part of the Black Sea, the seasonal complexes of dominant species of phytoplankton were fixed: small-celled diatom (spring), coccolithophores (late spring, early summer) and large diatoms (summer and autumn). In May–June 2005 and 2006, two invasive species of marine diatoms Chaetoceros throndsenii (maximal abundance 1.92 × 105 cells/l) and Chaetoceros minimus (1.6 × 105 cells/l) were recorded. These species have been incorporated in the complex of the late spring and early summer and grew simultaneously with the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. The coccolithophore was dominant species, whose abundance had reached the level of a bloom. C. throndsenii was observed over the entire area from the coast to the centre of the sea; C. minimus were recorded at coastal stations and only at two stations of the open sea. Stratification of the water mass and the low (below the Redfield) ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus were observed at this time. Then, C. throndsenii was not marked even once, and C. minimus has been registered once on a shelf in June 2011. Experimental studies (2005) have shown that intensive growth C. throndsenii requires the simultaneous addition of nitrogen and phosphorus in a ratio close to the Redfield ratio. C. minimus shows the intensive growth only at high concentrations of phosphorus and at low nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (the experiment was carried out in June 2011). Mathematical modelling shows that C. throndsenii and Emiliania huxleyi form a stable couple whose growth is limited by different factors: the diatoms by nitrogen and the coccolithophores by phosphorus. C. minimus might not be able to form a stable couple with coccolithophores because they have the same limiting factor, i.e. phosphorus. However, this species could become the dominant one, if low (0.5–1) nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio conditions were stable for more than 2 months. However, this scenario is improbable in natural circumstances since the existence of this complex seasonal rarely exceeds 1.5 months

Protoplasmic streaming of chloroplasts enables rapid photoacclimation in large diatoms

Long-term (2004–2020) studies showed yearly summer/autumn blooms in the NE Black Sea dominated by large (cell volume > 5000 μm3) diatoms (Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and Proboscia alata). This phenomenon is characterized by high (>250 W m−2 photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) insolation, and low phosphorus concentrations (to analytical zero). These diatoms contained >100 chloroplasts per cell, which at low irradiance are evenly distributed throughout the cell. As light increases (to 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1 PAR), chloroplasts aggregate within 20 min, usually to the centre of the cell. In consequence, the light absorption coefficient is decreased by >3 fold. At elevated photon flux density (PFD), P. calcar-avis also shows a “conveyor” of chloroplasts moving from the aggregate to the cell periphery and back. This mechanism enables a continuous fine-tuning of the cells’ ability to absorb light, likely also facilitating photo-damage repair. This rapid photoacclimation mechanism allows large diatoms to minimize photodamage at high PFD and acclimate well to low PFD. We hypothesize that competitive success of large diatoms in conditions of high light gradients is aided by this short-term rapid photoacclimation enhancing growth rate while minimizing chloroplast repair costs, aided by the ability of large cells to accumulate nutrients for chloroplast synthesis

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ АНТИПАРАЗИТАРНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ДЕЗАВИДА В УСЛОВИЯХ IN VIVO

The action of disinfectant dezavid on Toxocara canis eggs in vivo is investigated. Dezavid in concentration of 0,1 %, 0,2; 0,4; 0,8; 1,6; 2,4 and 3,2 % has oocid and larvicid actions. With increase of concentration of dezavid solutions the terms of larvae life in eggs T. сanis and the period of destruction of eggs are shortened. Dezavid is recommended for disinfection an environment and excrements of dogs from eggs T. сanis. It is expedient to use of dezavid in higher concentration for reduction of terms desinfection of environment.В лабораторных условиях изучено действие дезинфицирующего средства дезавид на яйца Toxocara canis. Дезавид в концентрации 0,1 %, 0,2; 0,4; 0,8; 1,6; 2,4 и 3,2 % обладает овоцидным и ларвоцидным действиями. С увеличением концентрации растворов дезавида укорачиваются сроки жизни личинок в яйцах Т. сanis и период разрушения яиц. Дезавид рекомендуется для дезинвазии окружающей среды и испражнений собак от яиц Т. сanis. Для сокращения сроков дезинвазии окружающей среды целесообразно использовать дезавид в более высоких концентрациях

ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ТОКСОКАРОЗУ И ЕГО ПРОФИЛАКТИКА В ЦЕНТРЕ КИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ МИНИСТЕРСТВА ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АЛТАЙ

Contamination of dogs with Toxocara canis and efficiency of prevention measures of toxocarosis in cynological center of Altai Republic is studied.Изучена зараженность служебно-розыскных собак Toxocara canis и эффективность проводимых мероприятий по профилактике токсокароза в питомнике Центра кинологической службы МВД Республики Алтай

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Phyto- and zooplankton of the southeastern Barents Sea in April 2000

Spring bloom of cold-water centric and pennate diatoms was observed in two different areas of the southeastern Barents Sea in April 2000: ice-free waters off the Kolguev Island northern shelf and the eastern Pechora Sea near the Karskie Vorota (Kara Gate) Straight in polynyas and ice-free patches in one-year-old ice. Maximal values of phytoplankton abundance and biomass were found at the ice edge. The bloom was localized in shallow water areas with depths less than 50 m in mixing zones of waters of different origin: warm Atlantic, cold coastal, and Arctic (Litke current) waters. Ice melting was among factors inducing the phytoplankton bloom. Each area had a specific phytocoenosis, whose structure was determined by water origin and ice conditions. In the western Kara Sea, under a solid (up to 30 cm thick) ice cover (i.e., under conditions of a hydrological winter), a spring phytoplankton succession was observed from its initial stage. In areas located close to the ice-cover edge, simultaneously with the mass phytoplankton bloom, the early spring zoocoenosis development manifested itself in mass spawning of euphausiids and mass appearance of Cirripedia nauplii and bottom polychaete larvae