Efectividad de la terapia de fotobiomodulación en la aceleración del movimiento dental de ortodoncia: metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados.

To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and LILACS of articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Additional studies were identified by searching bibliographies. The search terms included: randomized controlled trial (RCT), low-level laser therapy, phototherapy, orthodontic wires, orthodontic anchorage procedures, activator appliances. Study Selection: Only RCTs which analyzed the effect of PBMT in accelerating OTM were included. Independent extraction of articles by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators was performed. The risk of bias of the eligible trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Mean difference was calculated and pooled by meta-analysis using random effect models. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE Pro. Results: Fourteen RCTs analysing tooth movement in the canine retraction (CR) phase and two studies in the tooth alignment phase were included in the qualitative analysis; 68.75% of the RCTs reported that PBMT was effective in accelerating OTM. Nine studies presented 'unclear risk of bias' and seven presented 'high risk of bias'. Mean difference was calculated and pooled by meta-analysis using random effect models. Twelve studies presented sufficient information for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Photobiomodulation doses between 50 and 75 J/cm2 were effective in accelerating OTM in months 1, 2 and 4 of CR, and in increasing the accumulated CR rate. The quality of the evidence was downgraded due to the risks of bias, imprecision or considerable heterogeneity of the studies. Conclusions: PBMT treatment with low or very high application of total/per tooth ED is not effective in accelerating OTM. Application of energy density (ED) between 50 and 75 J/cm2 per tooth was effective in accelerating OTM after 1 and 2 months of CR, as well as in increasing the accumulated CR rate.Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia de fotobiomodulación (PBMT) para acelerar el movimiento dentario ortodóncico (MDO). Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE y LILACS de artículos en inglés, portugués y español. Se identificaron estudios adicionales mediante la búsqueda de bibliografía. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron: ensayo controlado aleatorio (ECA), terapia por luz de baja intensidad, fototerapia, alambres para ortodoncia, métodos de anclaje en ortodoncia, aparatos activadores. Selección del estudio: solo se incluyeron los ECA que analizaron el efecto de PBMT en la aceleración del MDO. Se realizó una extracción independiente de artículos por dos autores utilizando campos de datos predefinidos, incluidos los indicadores de calidad del estudio. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos elegibles se evaluó mediante la herramienta de riesgo de sesgo del Cochrane Collaboration. La diferencia de medias se calculó y se combinó mediante metanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios. La calidad de la evidencia se evaluó utilizando GRADE Pro. Resultados: Catorce ECAs que analizaron el movimiento dental en la fase de retracción canina (RC) y dos estudios en la fase de alineación dental se incluyeron en el análisis cualitativo; el 68.75% de los ECA informaron que PBMT fue eficaz para acelerar el MDO. Nueve estudios presentaron "riesgo incierto de sesgo" y siete presentaron "alto riesgo de sesgo". La diferencia de medias se calculó y se combinó mediante metanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios. Doce estudios presentaron información suficiente para su inclusión en el metanálisis. Las dosis de fotobiomodulación entre 50 y 75 J/cm2 resultaron efectivas para acelerar el MDO en los meses 1, 2 y 4 de RC, y para aumentar la tasa de RC acumulada. La calidad de la evidencia se rebajó debido a los riesgos de sesgo, imprecisión o considerable heterogeneidad de los estudios. Conclusiones: el tratamiento PBMT con una aplicación baja o muy alta de densidad energética (DE) total / por diente no es eficaz para acelerar el MDO. La aplicación de DE de entre 50 y 75 J/cm2 por diente fue efectiva para acelerar el MDO después de 1 y 2 meses de RC, así como para aumentar la tasa de RC acumulada

Prevalencia de maloclusión y hábitos bucales no fisiológicos en niños de primaria de Ercilla, Chile.

Introduction: Dentomaxillary Anomalies (DMA) affect the growth and morphology of the stomatognathic system of individuals, representing a public health problem. Few studies have described its prevalence among vulnerable populations in Chile. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of DMA and its association to non-physiological habits (NFH) and sociodemographic characteristics among primary school children living in Ercilla, Chile. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of 327 primary school students from six schools in Ercilla, were assessed through an intraoral and extraoral evaluation. Overjet, overbite, molar relationship, presence of DMAs, and NFHs were measured. Descriptive statistics, analysis of association between DMAs and studied factors, and logistic regression models were done and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals presented. Results: A total of 61.5% of students presented at least one DMA. Chi-square test showed no significant association between DMA prevalence and NHFs, however, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children with NFH were 1.69 (95%CI 1.02-2.78) times more likely to have DMAs. Gender and area of residence were not significantly associated with DMAs. Conclusion: In children from Ercilla, DMAs were associated with NFHs, however, sociodemographic characteristics did not have a significant role in the presence of DMA, suggesting that sociodemographic factors might not strongly influence orthodontic needs among children from this geographical area.Introducción: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) afectan el crecimiento y la morfología del sistema estomatognático de los individuos, lo que representa un problema de salud pública. Pocos estudios han descrito su prevalencia en poblaciones vulnerables en Chile. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de ADM y su asociación con hábitos no fisiológicos (HNF) y características sociodemográficas en niños de escuela primaria que viven en Ercilla, Chile. Material y Métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de conveniencia de 327 estudiantes de educación básica de seis escuelas de Ercilla mediante una evaluación intraoral y extraoral. Se midieron el resalte, la sobremordida, la relación molar, la presencia de DMA y HNF. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de asociación entre ADMs y los factores estudiados, y modelos de regresión logística y se presentaron odds ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: El 61,5% de los alumnos presentó al menos una ADM. La prueba de chi-cuadrado no mostró una asociación significativa entre la prevalencia de ADM y HNF, sin embargo, después de ajustar de acuerdo a factores sociodemográficos, los niños con HNF tenían 1,69 (IC del 95%: 1,02 a 2,78) veces más probabilidades de tener ADMs. El género y el área de residencia no se asociaron significativamente con las ADMs. Conclusión: En los niños de Ercilla, las DMA se asociaron con NFH, sin embargo, las características sociodemográficas no tuvieron un papel significativo en la presencia de DMA, lo que sugiere que los factores sociodemográficos podrían no influir fuertemente en las necesidades de ortodoncia entre los niños de esta área geográfica

Monitoramento remoto aplicado ao controle da umidade ambiental

Este trabalho tem como proposta, desenvolver um sistema remoto de controle de umidificação. O projeto consiste em uma interface gráfica desenvolvida em C++ que é utilizada para controlar os modos de operação do umidificador. Para a comunicação entre o sistema e o hardware foi utilizada a conexão bluetooth. Além do controle, o sistema informa a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar, também disponibilizando na interface, o nível do reservatório de água do umidificador. A plataforma Arduino é peça fundamental, uma vez que a conexão com o sistema esteja estabelecida, é ele quem, utilizando os sensores acoplados, disponibiliza os dados de temperatura do ambiente, umidade relativa do ar e o nível da água do reservatório, além de interpretar as instruções do sistema e acionar o funcionamento do umidificador

Financial Evaluation for a Brazilian Airline to Conduct Aeronautical Components Repair in Brazil

The current economic world volatility, as well as the increasing cost of fuel and security procedures established by the worldwide authorities, force the air carriers to search for alternatives to reduce their operational costs. The maintenance costs are a significant subject for the air carriers, therefore, any cost reduction obtained without maintenance service disruption, may provide an opportunity to enhance the airline competitiveness (Fritzsche, 2014). The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the technical and financial aspects of performing aircraft components repair in house for a Brazilian airline versus outsourcing the servicing to a homologated company outside the country. In addition, this research will analyze the main challenges involved, such as costs involving the labor force, advantages and disadvantages of conducting the repair internally, the currency exchange and bureaucratic process applied by the Brazilian Customs to export and import components and opportunities along with companies classified as partners

Fighting and Foliage: Land System Dynamics in the Colombian Andes-Amazon region

In the Colombian Amazon there has been a complex interplay of rebel groups’ control over land, drug trafficking, and absence of the Government of Colombia. Here, I use satellite remote sensing, ethnographic research and statistical models to provide insights into causal effect and causal mechanisms of land change and economic well-being that affect conflict areas around the world. Chapter 1 utilizes near-real-time satellite remote sensing and field interviews to document an alarming rise in illegal deforestation activities – particularly in Protected Areas in Colombia’s Amazon and deeper into the Amazon watershed region – triggered by socio-political changes emerging after the peace agreement between the Colombian Government and Revolutionary Armed forces of Colombia (FARC). This work highlights how a rapid shift in the institutional framework affects landscape change at a rate never seen before. Chapter 2 examines whether individual hot spots of violent conflict within Colombia Amazon led to significant localized land change patterns, such as forest regeneration of developed areas or agriculture expansion of undeveloped areas. It also presents regional spatiotemporal detailed analysis covering conflict and the post-conflict periods. This chapter is a novel combination of statistical theories of social science with technical mapping of land change during the last 30 years. Chapter 3 evaluates the hypothesis that illicit land activities (coca and illegal cattle ranching) lead to deforestation. Contrary to the prevailing narrative that coca farming is the initial spearhead of deforestation, we find that coca farming is relatively persistent, but that clearing for new cattle grazing has increased exponentially and is now pushing deeper into the Amazon watershed. This type of clearing is not driven by small landholders, but ultimately by wealthier actors with future expectations of capitalized new lands. This chapter links observable patterns of illicit activities with the specific processes that drive them. We corroborate these linkages using deep learning algorithms (convolutional neural networks applied to time-series satellite imagery) and associated them with policy regimes (i.e., war on drugs, recent peace accord)

Frecuencia de plasmocitomas extramedulares en caninos y felinos diagnosticados en el laboratorio de histopatología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (periodo 2006-2016)

            The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) in canines and felines diagnosed in the Histopathology Laboratory of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in the period 2006-2016. Records of histopathological diagnosis related to neoplasms were located (n=1758), of which 1703 corresponded to canines and 55 to felines. Of these, 110 (6.5%) and 8 (14.5%) were EMPs in canines and felines, respectively. The frequency of EMPs was determined with respect to the species (canine/feline), sex (male/female), age (<2, ˃2-˂7,> 7 for canines, and <1, ˃1-˂7, > 7 for cats) and breed. A frequency of EMPs of 6.5% was found in canines and 14.5% for felines in relation to the total neoplasms. Likewise, it occurred in 65 and 63% male canines and felines, respectively. Regarding age, the most affected age group in canines was >7 years, whereas in cats it appeared from one year of age. The highest frequency occurred in purebreds in canines (71%) and in mestizos in cats (88%).            El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de plasmocitomas extramedulares (PEMs) en caninos y felinos diagnosticados en el Laboratorio de Histopatología de Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el periodo 2006-2016. Se ubicaron 1758 fichas de diagnóstico histopatológico relacionados a neoplasias, de las cuales 1703 correspondieron a caninos y 55 a felinos. De estos, 110 (6.5%) y 8 (14.5%) correspondieron a PEMs en caninos y felinos, respectivamente. Se determinó la frecuencia de PEMs con respecto a la especie (canino/felino), sexo (macho/hembra), edad (<2, ˃2-˂7, >7 para caninos, y <1, ˃1-˂7, >7 para felinos) y raza. Se encontró una frecuencia de PEMs de 6.5% en caninos y 14.5% en felinos con relación al total de neoplasias. Asimismo, se presentó en el 65 y 63% en caninos y felinos machos, respectivamente. Con relación a la edad, el grupo etario más afectado en caninos fue >7 años, en tanto que en felinos se presentó a partir del año de edad. La mayor frecuencia se presentó en razas definidas en caninos (71%) y en mestizos en felinos (88%)

Probabilidad de retención de segundos molares permanentes mandibulares (Estudio piloto)

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia del segundo molar mandibular permanente (MM2) con probabilidad de impactación, en un grupo de pacientes de Ortodoncia de Temuco, Chile. Método: Estudio de corte transversal, con muestra por conveniencia. Se revisaron 2095 fichas de individuos de ambos sexos, con ausencia de patología sindrómica. Los datos recolectados se obtuvieron de radiografías panorámicas. Se midió el ángulo del segundo molar con respecto al plano oclusal, la invasión distal del primer molar y la distancia entre distal del primer molar y el borde anterior de la rama mandibular. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes relevados fue de 10 años. Se observó un 1,43% de probabilidad de retención de MM2 (n=30); en promedio y el plano el ángulo MM2 resultó de 27° el izquierdo y 26° el derecho; la invasión de MM2 en distal del primer molar resultó de 1,5 mm; el ángulo entre MM2 y el planos oclusal es de 123°; la distancia entre la cara distal del primer molar y el borde anterior de la rama mandibular fue 13 mm. Conclusiones: Existe una baja prevalencia de segundos molares mandibulares permanentes con probabilidad de impactación. La invasión a la cara distal del primer molar fue mayor en pacientes con riesgo de impactació

Produção de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum cv. Cinnamon) no outono inverno em sistemas de cultivo e adubações

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)As plantas medicinais apresentam grande variedade de aplicações, desde produção de fármacos para tratamento de diferentes enfermidades até produção de cosméticos, produtos de higiene pessoal e de limpeza, além de defensivos agrícolas naturais para controle de pragas. O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) é uma das plantas medicinais com grande gama de utilidades, principalmente sob a forma de óleo essencial, o que faz com que a otimização da sua produção seja de grande interesse comercial para os produtores. Para o uso potencial da cultura é preciso se conhecer as respostas em relação a nutrição, nesse sentido o solo e as diferentes opções e formas de uso de fertilizantes desempenham grande função, no entanto, existem poucos trabalhos acerca da resposta da planta sobre os diferentes tipos de manejo para as diferentes regiões brasileiras. Com base nesse panorama, buscou-se avaliar o desempenho da cultivar Cinnamon do manjericão produzida no outono inverno, em campo aberto e estufa, sob diferentes tipos de adubação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo as adubações (mineral; orgânico; organomineral e testemunha) e formas de plantio (campo e estufa). Conclui-se que a cultivar respondeu melhor ao cultivo em campo e com adubação organomineral, com os maiores indíces de rendimento de óleo, massa fresca de folhas e flores e massa total

Framework development and application in waste generation prediction

He, R., Sandoval-reyes, M., Scott, I., Semeano, R., Ferrão, P., Matthews, S., & Small, M. J. (2022). Global knowledge base for municipal solid waste management: Framework development and application in waste generation prediction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 377(December), 1-11. [134501]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134501--- This research is supported by the Mao Yisheng Fellowship of Carnegie Mellon University to Rui He, and through the CMU-Portugal project “Bee2Waste Crypto” (IDT-COP 45933). The authors would like to thank other members of the Bee2Waste Crypto project consortium for their support and inputs to this paper.Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has become not only a major sustainability challenge and a considerable financial burden for municipalities across the globe, but also an opportunity to promote a circular economy, provided adequate information is made available. Data and information on MSW generation, characterization, and management practices are prerequisites to studying and optimizing solid waste management systems (SWMS). However, such data and information are usually dispersed, unsystematized, and suffering from various availability and quality issues. This study aims to assemble and provide access to the current landscape of MSW data by establishing a comprehensive framework for understanding the interconnectedness of various sub-domains of MSW knowledge. Existing databases and governmental reports were reviewed to compile 1720 records of MSW generation, composition, management practices, and socioeconomic contexts for 219 countries and 410 cities. Multivariate linear regression and additive models were built to relate MSW generation, composition, and recovery rates to demographics, economic development, and climate patterns of cities and regions. These models generate new insights into the complex nature of SWMS and provide an evidence-based decision-making tool to future researchers and policy makers. Specifically, economic development (GDP), density factors (population, population density, and household size), sustainability initiatives, education, and regulation are all identified as positive drivers toward the targets of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.publishersversionpublishersversionpublishersversionepub_ahead_of_prin

Evaluación de la Vía Aérea superior en Ortodoncia. Revisión Narrativa

La valoración de la vía aérea es parte del diario trabajo del ortodoncista, odontopediatra, otorrino, fonoaudiólogo, etc. debido su interrelación con el desarrollo de las estructuras craneofaciales, así como también con patologías como el Sindrome Apnea Obtructiva del Sueño. Objetivo: Recordar los limites, funciones y anomalías de la vía aérea superior, informar acerca de los métodos para su evaluación, así como evaluar el nivel de información y precisión diagnóstica de los exámenes complemetarios, (cefalometría lateral y cone beam). Materiales y Metodo: La búsqueda se realizó por Pubmed con palabras clave y solo se seleccionaron los que tenían menos de 5 años, de éstos se excluyeron a partir del título los que se consideraron irrelevantes para la revisión. Fueron leídos 46 resúmenes y seleccionados 38 articulos. Conclusiones: Es fundamental conocer métodos de evaluación de vía aérea que incluyen; un examen clínico, evaluación radiográfica y de Conebeam, éstos alertan de alteraciones que interfieren en el tratamiento