Estimação da área foliar total do coqueiro anão verde (Cocos nucifera L.)

Leaf area has significant effect on tree transpiration, and its measurement is important to many study areas. This work aimed at developing a non-destructive, practical, and empirical method to estimate the total leaf area of green dwarf coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) in plantations located at the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A mathematical model was developed to estimate total leaf area values (TLA) as function of the average lengths of the last three leaf raquis (LR3), and of the number of leaves in the canopy (NL). The model has satisfactory degree of accuracy for agricultural engineering purposes.A área foliar influencia a transpiração de uma árvore e sua determinação é importante para diversos ramos da ciência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo matemático empírico prático não-destrutivo para estimar a área foliar total do coqueiro anão verde (Cocos nucifera L.) na região Norte Fluminense. Com o modelo desenvolvido pôde-se estimar o valor da área foliar total (TLA) em função da média dos comprimentos das três ultimas raques foliares (LR3) e do número de folhas na copa da cultura (NL). O modelo obtido é satisfatoriamente acurado para estimar a TLA do coqueiro anão verde

Interfaces entre Nutrição, sono e impacto na performance: uma revisão sistemática / Interfaces between Nutrition, sleep and impact on performance: a systematic review

Objetivo: revisar evidências, sistematicamente, avaliando o impacto da Nutrição sobre a qualidade do sono e possíveis consequências sobre a performance humana. Método: revisão sistemática da literatura, através do mapeamento de trabalhos, em inglês, que associavam Nutrição, qualidade de sono e performance. Foram realizadas análises pela escala de JADAD e CONSORT de pontuação. Resultados: os estudos indicaram predominância para abordagem em ambos os sexos (57%), sendo o percentual restante (43%) com voluntários do sexo masculino. Nenhum estudo brasileiro foi encontrado, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos artigos. A maior contribuição estava situada no continente asiático. Os japoneses e indianos contribuíram com um total de cinco das sete evidências selecionadas, restando dois trabalhos, somente, com franceses e irlandeses. Os estudos não indicaram tendência para alguma faixa etária específica, abordando voluntários desde 18 até 65 anos. Os períodos de duração dos estudos variaram entre poucos dias até 20 semanas. Os principais contextos nutricionais estudados, como intervenção, foram: extrato de aspargo, ornitina, dietas hiperproteicas, hiperlipídicas, hipoglicídicas e cafeína. As pontuações, consideradas nos protocolos de avaliação CONSORT adaptado, e JADAD, quando correlacionadas aos fatores de impacto (FI) das revistas e anos das publicações, não indicaram dependência cronológica, ou seja, existindo estudos menos recentes (2014) com maior qualidade, em relação aos mais recentes (2016 e 2017). As médias das três variáveis (JADAD, CONSORT e Fator de Impacto - FI), comparadas às pontuações isoladas, indicaram FI “média dependente” em 100% dos dados, CONSORT “média dependente” para 83% e JADAD para, aproximadamente 67%. Conclusão: existe um número reduzido de evidências clínicas, correlacionando Nutrição, sono e performance. Alguns estudos existentes comprovam associação, mas devem ser utilizados com cautela, pois a heterogeneidade metodológica dificulta a reprodutibilidade dos resultados na prática, sendo necessárias outras pesquisas complementares sobre o assunto

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A Single-Port, Multiple-Access, Custom-Made Device Used in Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy in Standing Horses—A Preliminary Study

This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses (n = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype