A Presença da Ética nas Políticas Mundiais de Mudanças Climáticas

As mudanças climáticas são um dos grandes desafios atuais em nossa sociedade, e as discussões se desdobram em questões políticas, sociais e éticas. As ameaças ao meio natural e os distúrbios de caráter político são suas principais implicações. O presente trabalho tem como questão central a pergunta: a ética está presente nas políticas internacionais de mudanças climáticas? Para responder à questão utilizou-se uma metodologia baseada no estudo de documentos e fontes bibliográficas, e para a análise de políticas públicas foi usado o método p olic y a n aly sis . Os resultados identificaram como estas políticas mundiais contemplam (ou não) uma ética socioambiental, considerando as devidas particularidades dos países, e em quais momentos tratam o assunto de maneira homogênea. Ressalta-se que as mudanças climáticas são causadas principalmente pelas emissões industriais de gases do efeito estufa (GEEs) durante os processos de produção e que a grande maioria de consumidores é representada por uma população de alta renda. Além disso, estas populações juntamente com os países desenvolvidos (responsáveis pela maior parte das emissões), possuem melhor capacidade de adaptação aos riscos das possíveis modificações climáticas. Isto significa um baixo índice de vulnerabilidade e alta resiliência, entendida como uma melhor capacidade de recuperação após desastres naturais e/ou períodos de crise. Em contrapartida as populações pobres, assim como os países menos desenvolvidos, terão mais prejuízos por serem mais vulneráveis e possuírem um baixo grau de aptidão para suportarem as mudanças e impactos negativos advindos das alterações no clima

Genetic Diversity Strategy For The Management And Use Of Rubber Genetic Resources: More Than 1,000 Wild And Cultivated Accessions In A 100-genotype Core Collection

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] is the only plant species worldwide that is cultivated for the commercial production of natural rubber. This study describes the genetic diversity of the Hevea spp. complex that is available in the main ex situ collections of South America, including Amazonian populations that have never been previously described. Genetic data were analyzed to determine the genetic structure of the wild populations, quantify the allelic diversity and suggest the composition of a core collection to capture the maximum genetic diversity within a minimal sample size. A total of 1,117 accessions were genotyped with 13 microsatellite markers. We identified a total of 408 alleles, 319 of which were shared between groups and 89 that were private in different groups of accessions. In a population structure and principal component analysis, the level of clustering reflected a primary division into the following two subgroups: cluster 1, which consisted of varieties from the advanced breeding germplasm that originated from the Wickham and Mato Grosso accessions; and cluster 2, which consisted of the wild germplasm from the Acre, Amazonas, Para and Rondonia populations and Hevea spp. The analyses revealed a high frequency of gene flow between the groups, with the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) estimated to be 0.018. Additionally, no distinct separation among the H. brasiliensis accessions and the other species from Amazonas was observed. A core collection of 99 accessions was identified that captured the maximum genetic diversity. Rubber tree breeders can effectively utilize this core collection for cultivar improvement. Furthermore, such a core collection could provide resources for forming an association panel to evaluate traits with agronomic and commercial importance. Our study generated a molecular database that should facilitate the management of the Hevea germplasm and its use for subsequent genetic and genomic breeding.107Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [2007/50392-1, 2012/50491-8, 2011/50188-0, 2009/52975-0, 2012/05473-1]CNPq [478701/2012-8, 402954/2012-2

Methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 promoter genes in individuals with gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the forth most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic alteration, occurring through a methyl radical addition to the cytosine base adjacent to guanine. Many tumor genes are inactivated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer. We evaluated the DNA methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 by methylation-specific PCR in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosa in individuals from Northern Brazil. All gastric cancer samples were advanced stage adenocarcinomas. Gastric samples were surgically obtained at the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, State of Pará, and were stored at -80°C before DNA extraction. Patients had never been submitted to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, nor did they have any other diagnosed cancer. None of the gastric cancer samples presented methylated DNA sequences for ANAPC1 and TP53. CDKN2A methylation was not detected in any normal gastric mucosa; however, the CDKN2A promoter was methylated in 30.4% of gastric cancer samples, with 35% methylation in diffuse-type and 26.9% in intestinal-type cancers. CDKN2A methylation was associated with the carcinogenesis process for ~30% diffuse-type and intestinal-type compared to non-neoplastic samples. Thus, ANAPC1 and TP53 methylation was probably not implicated in gastric carcinogenesis in our samples. CDKN2A can be implicated in the carcinogenesis process of only a subset of gastric neoplasias.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FINEP/CT-INFRAFAEPAUniversidade Federal do Piauí Colegiado de BiomedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MorfologiaUniversidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Citogenética HumanaHospital João de Barros Barreto Serviço de CirurgiaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomedicasUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de GenéticaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MorfologiaFINEP/CT-INFRA: 0927-03SciEL

De Novo Assembly And Transcriptome Analysis Of The Rubber Tree (hevea Brasiliensis) And Snp Markers Development For Rubber Biosynthesis Pathways.

Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex Adr. Juss.) Muell.-Arg. is the primary source of natural rubber that is native to the Amazon rainforest. The singular properties of natural rubber make it superior to and competitive with synthetic rubber for use in several applications. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of H. brasiliensis bark on the Illumina GAIIx platform, which generated 179,326,804 raw reads on the Illumina GAIIx platform. A total of 50,384 contigs that were over 400 bp in size were obtained and subjected to further analyses. A similarity search against the non-redundant (nr) protein database returned 32,018 (63%) positive BLASTx hits. The transcriptome analysis was annotated using the clusters of orthologous groups (COG), gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Pfam databases. A search for putative molecular marker was performed to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 17,927 SSRs and 404,114 SNPs were detected. Finally, we selected sequences that were identified as belonging to the mevalonate (MVA) and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways, which are involved in rubber biosynthesis, to validate the SNP markers. A total of 78 SNPs were validated in 36 genotypes of H. brasiliensis. This new dataset represents a powerful information source for rubber tree bark genes and will be an important tool for the development of microsatellites and SNP markers for use in future genetic analyses such as genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait loci identification, investigations of linkage disequilibrium and marker-assisted selection.9e10266

Expansão da Fronteira Agropecuária e Desmatamento na Região de Alta Floresta/MT: alternativas para o desenvolvimento sustentável.

A fronteira, mais que um limite fixo traçado em um mapa, é um espaço que guarda especificidades e revela-se excepcionalmente dinâmico e contraditório. Historicamente, o avanço da fronteira agropecuária sobre as áreas florestais da Amazônia Legal resulta em destruição da biodiversidade e conflitos agrários. Como consequência direta deste processo está o desmatamento, cuja principal força encontra-se na pecuária. Por isso, é necessário encontrar saídas capazes de colocar um freio na destruição, por meio de iniciativas e atividades econômicas que se reproduzam em uma outra lógica, que não esteja exclusivamente centrada na venda da madeira, na expansão da monocultura e no estímulo à pecuária. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas proposições que aliam desenvolvimento econômico e conservação ambiental para a região do município de Alta Floresta, ao norte do estado de Mato Grosso, localizado em área de fronteira agropecuária

Verificação de desempenho e estimativa de incerteza de medição de metodologia de determinação de cloreto de sódio em manteiga

The minimum parameters of identity and quality of butters in Brazil are governed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. From them it is possible to carry out the performance verification of the methodologies to guarantee the results reliability. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the method of determination of NaCl in butter, based on ISO 1738:2004, evaluating accuracy, precision and the limit of quantification (LOQ). The precision was obtained since the coefficients of variation found in the tests were lower than the Horwitz value. The accuracy was approved as a consequence of the confirmation of the proficiency having as provider the FAPAS. The LOQ of 0.41g of NaCl/100g of butter was established by evaluating the accuracy and the recovery in a NaCl content determination test, using a solution prepared with Certified Reference Material. To assure quality, the uncertainty associated with the NaCl measurement was also estimated, through the evaluation of the possible sources of uncertainty, among which were: weighing, analyzer, glassware and the reagent purity, with a measurement uncertainty of 0.03g NaCl/100g of sample. Finally, it was verified the conformity of the NaCl content in commercial samples according to the Brazilian legislation.Os parâmetros mínimos de identidade e qualidade de manteigas no Brasil são regidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento. A partir deles é possível realizar a verificação de desempenho das metodologias para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o desempenho do método de determinação de NaCl em manteiga, baseado na ISO 1738:2004, avaliando-se precisão, exatidão e limite de quantificação (LQ). Aprecisão foi alcançada visto que os coeficientes de variação obtidos nos ensaios foram inferiores ao valor de Horwitz calculado. A exatidão foi aprovada como consequência da confirmação da proficiência tendo como provedor o FAPAS. O LQ de 0,41g de NaCl/100g de manteiga foi estabelecido avaliando-se a precisão e a recuperação em ensaio de determinação do teor de NaCl em uma solução preparada com Material de Referência Certificado. Como forma de garantia da qualidade, estimou-se ainda a incerteza associada a medição de NaCl por meio da avaliação das possíveisfontes de incerteza, dentre as quais: pesagem, analista, vidraria e o grau de pureza do reagente, verificando-se uma incerteza de medição total de 0,03g NaCl/100g de amostra. Por fim, constatou-se a conformidade do teor de NaCl em amostras comerciais de acordo com a legislação brasileira vigente

Factors Associated with Emotion Regulation in Men with Internet Access Living in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occu-pational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Sup-pression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships.publishersversionpublishe