Comparação do efeito da técnica de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva com a técnica de músculo energia no alongamento muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo

Introdução: A aplicação das técnicas de Contrair-Relaxar com Contracção do Antagonista (CRCA) e de Músculo Energia (TME) promovem um aumento da flexibilidade muscular, contudo poucos estudos comparam a eficácia de ambas. Apresentam aspectos comuns como a contracção prévia do músculo a alongar sendo esta máxima na CRCA e uma percentagem da máxima na TME. Contudo, alguma evidência sugere que não existe correspondência entre a força produzida e a desejada pelo que este aspecto da TME carece de explicação. Objectivos: Confirmar se a técnica CRCA e a TME são efectivas no alongamento muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo, caso sejam determinar qual a mais efectiva. Pretende-se ainda avaliar se a percepção ao esforço durante a aplicação da TME corresponde à força efectivamente realizada. Métodos: Efectuou-se um estudo experimental com 45 voluntários distribuídos aleatoriamente pelos grupos CRCA, TME e Controlo. Avaliou-se a amplitude articular passiva de extensão do joelho antes e depois de aplicar as técnicas, utilizando um goniómetro. Nos participantes submetidos à TME avaliou-se a percepção ao esforço, solicitando uma contracção submáxima isométrica de 40% medida através do dinamómetro de mão. Resultados: Verificou-se um efeito das técnicas entre as avaliações (Teste ANOVA medidas repetidas factor tempo: p<0,001) e entre os grupos (tempo*grupo: p<0,001). Comparando os grupos dois a dois, verificaram-se diferenças entre o grupo CRCA e o grupo Controlo (Teste Post Hoc Games-Howell: p=0,001) e entre o grupo TME e o grupo Controlo (p=0,009), não existindo diferenças entre os grupos CRCA e TME (p=0,376). Os grupos CRCA e TME obtiveram um ganho de 10,7º e de 11,4º respectivamente, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os ganhos (Teste T-Student Independente: p=0,599). Existiram diferenças significativas entre os 40% CMVI produzida e desejada (Teste Wilcoxon: p=0,018). Conclusão: Ambas foram efectivas no aumento da flexibilidade muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo. Os efeitos foram comparáveis, mas dada a menor complexidade e menor solicitação a TME foi considerada mais eficiente. A percepção ao esforço durante a aplicação da TME não correspondeu ao esforço desejado, existindo uma tendência para a produção de intensidades de contracções maiores.Background: The application of the Contract-Relax with Antagonist Contraction (CRAC) and Muscle Energy Techniques (MET) increased muscle flexibility, yet few studies have compared the effectiveness of both. Exhibit common features such as muscle contraction prior to stretch and this is maximum in CRAC and a maximum percentage in the MET. However some evidence suggests that there is no correspondence between the desired and the produced force whereby this aspect of MET explanation is needed. Objectives: Confirm if CRAC and MET are effective in stretching the hamstring muscle in the short term, if both are determine the most effective. Another objective is to evaluate whether perceived effort during the application of MET corresponds with the force actually performed. Methods: We conducted an experimental study with 45 volunteers randomly assigned to groups CRAC, MET and Control. We evaluated the passive knee extension range before and after applying the techniques, using a goniometer. In participants underwent MET was previously assessed effort perception, requesting a submaximal isometric contraction of 40% measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Results: There was an effect of the techniques between assessments (ANOVA repeated measures factor time: p <0,001) and between groups (time * group: p <0,001). Comparing the two by two groups, there were differences between the CRAC group and the Control group (Post Hoc Test Games-Howell: p = 0,001) and between the MET group and Control group (p = 0,009), with no differences between groups CRAC and MET (p = 0,376). CRAC and MET groups achieved a gain of 10,7 º and 11,4 º, respectively, with no significant differences between gains (Independent Student's T-Test: p = 0.599). Significant differences existed between produced and desired 40% CMVI (Wilcoxon Test: p = 0.018). Conclusion: Both were effective in increasing the flexibility of the hamstring muscle in the short term. The effects were comparable, but because of the lower complexity and lower request MET was considered more efficient. The perception of effort during the application of MET does not correspond to the effort required and there is a tendency to produce contractions intensities greater than those requested

Caracterização de Puccinia hemerocallidis causadora do primeiro surto de ferrugem de lírio-de-um-dia na Europa

Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) is an ornamental plant widely used in gardens. Daylily rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis, has disseminated through all continents only in the 21th century, except in Europe, where it has been considered a quarantine disease by the European Plant Protection Organisation. In Portugal, since November 2015, typical rust symptoms were observed in daylily plants in gardens in Lisbon, Alentejo, Algarve and Madeira, attaining high prevalence, incidence and severity. The causal agent was identified as P. hemerocallidis and the Koch’s postulates were fulfilled. Phylogenetic data suggest that this fungus may have been introduced from North America. Using flow cytometry, the genome size of the P. hemerocallidis populations present in Portugal was estimated to be 345 Mbp (0.3533 pg DNA/1C). For such analysis Rhamnus alaternus was validated as a DNA standard, exhibiting a nuclear content of 0.680 pg DNA/2C. The identification of this disease in diverse locations in Portugal represents a threat to European breeding and nursery industries, since there are the appropriate conditions for inoculum maintenance and propagation from Portugal to the rest of Europeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pathological and epidemiological characterization of first outbreak of daylily rust in Europe and evaluation of Puccinia hemerocallidis resistance in Hemerocallis cultivars

Daylily rust—caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis—was confined to Eastern Asia until the disease was reported in Oceania, Africa, the Americas and Portugal in the 21st century. Although information on rust resistance of American cultivars is available, little is known about the resistance of European bred cultivars, threating the ornamental sector if the fungus spreads to other European countries. Aiming to provide tools to address this, we analyzed the Portuguese pathogens and characterized rust resistance in a selection of cultivars, while optimizing disease rating scales. Morphologic, genetic and cytogenomic characterization of four isolates reveals narrow diversity and raises the question whether the pathogen may have originated in North- or Central America. Daily records of multiple symptomatologic parameters enabled a detailed disease progress analysis, discriminating cultivars according to their resistance levels and revealing susceptibility as the most common state. Among the tested cultivars, 12 out of 17 began to show symptoms between 6–8 dai and were classified as susceptible. Cultivars ‘Stella d’Oro’, ‘Bitsy’ and ‘Cherry Tiger’ behaved as moderately resistant although the occurrence of late sporulation on leaves suggests incomplete resistance and challenges common rating scales. The identification of resistance sources in European breeding lines is crucial for the sustainable future of dayliliesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

2,2′,5,5′-Tetra­methyl-1,1′-(hexane-1,6-di­yl)di-1H-pyrrole

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C18H28N2, composed of two 2,5-dimethyl­pyrrole groups linked by a hexane chain, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The mean plane of the pyrrole ring is almost perpendicular to the mean plane of the central chain, making a dihedral angle of 89.09 (8)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

Um ensaio à festa republicana: a relação Brasil Argentina nos anos finais do Império

The monarchic period was marked by the detachment Brazil from other American countries. However the crisis in the Brazilian political system, risen since 1870, boosted some sectors of society, particularly the press, questioning the inclusion of Brazil in the continent. This article aims to reflect on the Brazilian discourse about Argentina in the final years of the Empire, focusing on and desire for closer relations with that country manifest by the republican press in the years of Monarchical rule, articulated around the study of construction of national identity and ideological confrontations in the late nineteenth century.O período monárquico foi marcado pelo afastamento do Brasil em relação aos demais países&nbsp;americanos. No entanto a crise do regime político brasileiro, acentuada a partir de 1870,&nbsp;impulsionou alguns setores da sociedade, em especial a imprensa, a questionar a inserção brasileira&nbsp;no continente. Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o discurso brasileiro acerca da Argentina&nbsp;nos anos finais do Império, dando enfoque à aproximação e desejo de estreitamento das relações&nbsp;com aquele país manifesto pela imprensa republicana nos anos finais do império, articulando-se em&nbsp;torno do estudo da construção da identidade nacional e dos embates ideológicos no final do século&nbsp;XIX

First report of Puccinia thaliae causing rust on Canna spp. in Europe

Disease Notesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O discurso da emenda n. 95/2016 no contexto da governamentalidade neoliberal

The text presents an analysis on the discourse on the creation of Constitutional Amendment n. 95/2016 in a Foucauldian perspective. The principles of the New Fiscal Regime (NRF) determine a reduction in investments in the health and education sectors. Therefore, we seek to identify the context of the Amendment in the conjuncture of a governmentality that is related to the way subjects are conducted, as well as to point out relations about the emergence of a neoliberal governmentality in which the State tends to be influenced by the private initiative, in the education sector. The proposal of this Amendment is considered biopolitics, because it guides the bodies of the subjects and leads them in the process of their constitution in a relationship of power and control.El texto presenta un análisis sobre el discurso de la creación de la Enmienda Constitucional n. 95/2016 em una perspectiva foucaultiana. Los principios del Nuevo Régimen Fiscal (NRF) determinan uma reducción de las inversiones em los sectores de salud y educacion. Ante esto, buscamos identificar el contexto de la Enmienda em la coyuntura de una gubernamentalidade relacionada con la forma en que se conducen los temas, así como señalar las relaciones sobre el surgimento de uma gubernamentalidade neoliberal em la que el Estado tiende a estar más influenciado por la iniciativa privada en el sector educativo. La propuesta de esta Enmienda se considera una biopolítica, porque guia los cuerpos de los sujetos y los guia en el proceso de su constituición em uma relacíon de poder y control.O texto apresenta uma análise sobre o discurso da criação da Emenda Constitucional n. 95/2016 em uma perspectiva foucaultiana. Os princípios do Novo Regime Fiscal (NRF) determinam uma redução dos investimentos nos setores da saúde e da educação. Diante disso, busca-se identificar o contexto da Emenda na conjuntura de uma governamentalidade que está relacionada ao modo como os sujeitos são conduzidos, bem como apontar relações sobre a emergência de uma governamentalidade neoliberal em que o Estado tende a sofrer uma maior influência da iniciativa privada no setor educacional. Considera-se a proposta desta Emenda uma biopolítica, pelo fato de orientar os corpos dos sujeitos e conduzi-los no processo de sua constituição em uma relação de poder e controle

New records of encyrtids (HYmenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoids of Coccomorpha (Hemiptera) from Portugal

One new record for Iberian peninsula Leptomastix algirica Trjapitzin and three new records: Metaphycus dispar (Mercet), M. maculipennis (Timberlake) and Microterys dichrous (Mercet) for Portugal are giveninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vibrational analysis and thermal behavior of Salvia hispanica, Nigella sativa and Papaver somniferum seeds

Producción CientíficaIntroduction: Salvia hispanica L., Nigella sativa L. and Papaver somniferum L. are involved in opiate-dependent behavior. It is known that the seeds of these three herbs contain high amounts of antioxidants, which are helpful in disease prevention, but further research is needed on some of their other phytochemical components (terpene alkaloids, benzoquinones and others), which are claimed to affect human opioid receptors. Methods: Seeds from the three afore mentioned plants have been studied by ATR-FTIR vibrational spectroscopy and thermo analytical techniques (TG/DTG, DTA and DSC). Results: The infrared spectrum has confirmed the presence of the ester carbonyl of terpenoid alkaloids (such as nigellamine) and the fully conjugated cyclic dione structure of quinones (e.g., thymoquinone). As regards the thermal stability of these seeds, small differences have been observed in their thermal profiles (endothermic effects at around 333ºC for chia, 268ºC for black cumin and 319ºC for poppy seeds), which can be ascribed to their different content in carbohydrates. Conclusions: The functional groups of the main active constituents and the thermal behavior of these three seeds have been elucidated