78 research outputs found

    Quasi-Likelihood and/or Robust Estimation in High Dimensions

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    We consider the theory for the high-dimensional generalized linear model with the Lasso. After a short review on theoretical results in literature, we present an extension of the oracle results to the case of quasi-likelihood loss. We prove bounds for the prediction error and 1\ell_1-error. The results are derived under fourth moment conditions on the error distribution. The case of robust loss is also given. We moreover show that under an irrepresentable condition, the 1\ell_1-penalized quasi-likelihood estimator has no false positives.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-STS397 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

    Collision of Viscoelastic Spheres: Compact Expressions for the Coefficient of Normal Restitution

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    The coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres is analytically known as a complete series expansion in terms of the impact velocity where all (infinitely many) coefficients are known. While beeing analytically exact, this result is not suitable for applications in efficient event-driven Molecular Dynamics (eMD) or Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Based on the analytic result, here we derive expressions for the coefficient of restitution which allow for an application in efficient eMD and MC simulations of granular Systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

    El mercado agroalimentario en disputa: historia agraria, economía popular, modernización estatal y privatización encubierta en Ecuador (1850-2017)

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    Esta tesis describe y analiza el desarrollo del mercado agroalimentario doméstico en Ecuador entre 1850 y 2017. El objeto de análisis se constituye por el conjunto de relaciones, instituciones y espacios que crean, regulan y organizan el intercambio de alimentos de consumo directo, esto es, frutas y verduras frescas. La presente investigación se distingue del grueso de los estudios que han interpretado los mercados agroalimentarios, así como su organización y transformación a lo largo del tiempo, de acuerdo con una lógica evolucionista o teleológica. Se parte de la idea de que el mercado agroalimentario constituye un campo de disputa, en el cual diversos grupos de actores económicos, con diferentes intereses, racionalidades y estrategias económicas, compiten y cooperan entre sí con el fin de estabilizar su participación en las relaciones de intercambio. En este tejido de relaciones cambiantes, marcadas tanto por la explotación como por la cooperación, los grupos de actores económicos establecen, además, alianzas con el Estado o luchan en contra de sus intervenciones regulativas. De ahí que el mercado no es solamente una construcción social sino política, cuya senda de desarrollo depende de las relaciones de poder históricamente estructuradas y las disputas que se libran en su ámbito. Esta posición teórica es probada en varios momentos y espacios del mercado agroalimentario doméstico del Ecuador. El primero corresponde al periodo de 1850 a 1960, en el cual se asientan las bases de un desarrollo heterogéneo e irregular de las relaciones de intercambio en los mercados rurales del país. El carácter polimorfo del mercado agroalimentario se expresa tanto en el grado diferenciado de la inclusión/exclusión de diversos grupos de actores económicos, como en la configuración comercial desigual en el espacio de la Sierra Centro, el área que hoy en día constituye la huerta del país. El segundo momento abarca los años transformativos entre 1960 y 1990. Este periodo se caracteriza por una expansión y reproducción del campo de lucha en forma de mercados urbanos. Estos últimos se convierten en un objeto de debate técnico-político a partir de la década de los setenta del siglo XX. Parte de la problemática de la distribución urbana son los varios intentos del Estado ecuatoriano por sustituir las redes comerciales populares catalogadas como anacrónicas y disfuncionales, por una organización agrocomercial que se ajustaba al proyecto modernizador y desarrollista de aquella época. El tercer momento va desde la década de los ochenta hasta la actualidad. Se analiza el desarrollo de la distribución urbana como resultado de la interacción entre el Estado central, el gobierno municipal y los grupos de comerciantes que operan en los mercados públicos de la ciudad de Quito. El fracaso de las políticas modernizadoras y el debilitamiento de la administración municipal del sistema de mercados públicos de la capital desde finales del siglo XX contribuyeron a un fenómeno que puede ser descrito como privatización encubierta. De manera concomitante, la coyuntura crítica de la década de los ochenta y noventa preparó el camino para la expansión arrolladora de las cadenas de supermercados desde la década de los noventa hasta la actualidad

    Forstbetriebe: Strukturen und Finanzen

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    Tropospheric and stratospheric smoke over Europe as observed within EARLINET/ACTRIS in summer 2017

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    For several weeks in summer 2017, strong smoke layers were observed over Europe at numerous EARLINET stations. EARLINET is the European research lidar network and part of ACTRIS and comprises more than 30 ground-based lidars. The smoke layers were observed in the troposphere as well as in the stratosphere up to 25 km from Northern Scandinavia over whole western and central Europe to the Mediterranean regions. Backward trajectory analysis among other tools revealed that these smoke layers originated from strong wild fires in western Canada in combination with pyrocumulus convection. An extraordinary fire event in the mid of August caused intense smoke layers that were observed across Europe for several weeks starting on 18 August 2017. Maximum aerosol optical depths up to 1.0 at 532 nm were observed at Leipzig, Germany, on 22 August 2017 during the peak of this event. The stratospheric smoke layers reached extinction coefficient values of more than 600 Mm−1 at 532 nm, a factor of 10 higher than observed for volcanic ash after the Pinatubo eruption in the 1990s. First analyses of the intensive optical properties revealed low particle depolarization values at 532 nm for the tropospheric smoke (spherical particles) and rather high values (up to 20%) in the stratosphere. However, a strong wavelength dependence of the depolarization ratio was measured for the stratospheric smoke. This indicates irregularly shaped stratospheric smoke particles in the size range of the accumulation mode. This unique depolarization feature makes it possible to distinguish clearly smoke aerosol from cirrus clouds or other aerosol types by polarization lidar measurements. Particle extinction-to-backscatter ratios were rather low in the order of 40 to 50 sr at 355 nm, while values between 70-90 sr were measured at higher wavelengths. In the western and central Mediterranean, stratospheric smoke layers were most prominent in the end of August at heights between 16 and 20 km. In contrast, stratospheric smoke started to occur in the eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus and Israel) in the beginning of September between 18 and 23 km. Stratospheric smoke was still visible in the beginning of October at certain locations (e.g. Evora, Portugal), while tropospheric smoke was mainly observed until the end of August within Europe. An overview of the smoke layers measured at several EARLINET sites will be given. The temporal development of these layers as well as their geometrical and optical properties will be presented

    Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

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    Exploitations forestières: structures et finances.

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    Granular jet impact: probing the ideal fluid description

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    We investigate the impact of a granular jet on a finite target by means of particle simulations. The resulting hydrodynamic fields are compared with theoretical predictions for the corresponding flow of an incompressible and rotation-free fluid. The degree of coincidence between the field obtained from the discrete granular system and the idealized continuous fluid flow depends on the characteristics of the granular system, such as granularity, packing fraction, inelasticity of collisions, friction and target size. In certain limits we observe a granular–continuum transition under which the geometric and dynamic properties of the particle jet and the fluid jet become almost identical
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