Estimating the level of carbamoylated plasma non-high-density lipoproteins using infrared spectroscopy

Background: The increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can be partly explained by the presence of carbamoylated lipoproteins. Lipid profiles can be determined with infrared spectroscopy. In this paper, the effects of carbamoylation on spectral changes of non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL) were studied. Methods: In the present study, fasting serum samples were obtained from 84 CKD patients (CKD stage 3-5: n = 37 and CKD stage 5d (hemodialysis): n = 47) and from 45 healthy subjects. In vitro carbamoylation of serum lipoproteins from healthy subjects was performed using increasing concentrations of potassium cyanate. Lipoprotein-containing pellets were isolated by precipitation of non-HDL. The amount of carbamoylated serum non-HDL was estimated using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, followed by soft independent modelling by class analogy analysis. Results: Carbamoylation resulted in a small increase of the amide I band (1714-1589 cm(-1)) of the infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectrum. A significant difference in the amide II/amide I area under the curves (AUC) ratio was observed between healthy subjects and CKD patients, as well as between the two CKD groups (non-dialysis versus hemodialysis patients). Conclusions: ATR-FTIR spectroscopy can be considered as a novel method to detect non-HDL carbamoylation

The Gelfand-Tsetlin bases for Hodge-de Rham systems in Euclidean spaces

The main aim of this paper is to construct explicitly orthogonal bases for the spaces of k-homogeneous polynomial solutions of the Hodge-de Rham system in the Euclidean space R^m which take values in the space of s-vectors. Actually, we describe even the so-called Gelfand-Tsetlin bases for such spaces in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials. As an application, we obtain an algorithm how to compute an orthogonal basis of the space of homogeneous solutions of a generalized Moisil-Theodoresco system in R^m.Comment: submitte

On polynomial solutions of generalized Moisil-Théodoresco systems and Hodge-de Rham systems

The aim of the paper is to study relations between polynomial solutions of generalized Moisil-Theodoresco (GMT) systems and polynomial solutions of Hodge-de Rham systems and, using these relations, to describe polynomial solutions of GMT systems. We decompose the space of homogeneous solutions of GMT system of a given homogeneity into irreducible pieces under the action of the group O(m) and we characterize individual pieces by their highest weights and we compute their dimensions

Hardy spaces of solutions of generalized Riesz and Moisil-Teodorescu systems

Hardy spaces of solutions of generalized Riesz and generalized Moisil-Teodorescu systems in half space Rm+1,+ , and of their non-tangential L2-boundary values in Rm are characterized