Diffusion as the main process for mass transport in very low water content argillites: 1. Chloride as a natural tracer for mass transport—Diffusion coefficient and concentration measurements in interstitial water

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95672/1/wrcr9815.pd

Estimating Regional Hydraulic Conductivity Fields—A Comparative Study of Geostatistical Methods

Geostatistical estimations of the hydraulic conductivity field ( K ) in the Carrizo aquifer, Texas, are performed over three regional domains of increasing extent: 1) the domain corresponding to a three-dimensional groundwater flow model previously built (model domain); 2) the area corresponding to the 10 counties encompassing the model domain (County domain), and; 3) the full extension of the Carrizo aquifer within Texas (Texas domain). Two different approaches are used: 1) an indirect approach where transmissivity ( T ) is estimated first and K is retrieved through division of the T estimate by the screen length of the wells, and; 2) a direct approach where K data are kriged directly. Due to preferential well screen emplacement, and scarcity of sampling in the deeper portions of the formation (> 1 km), the available data set is biased toward high values of hydraulic conductivities. Kriging combined with linear regression, simple kriging with varying local means, kriging with an external drift, and cokriging allow the incorporation of specific capacity as secondary information. Prediction performances (assessed through cross-validation) differ according to the chosen approach, the considered variable (log-transformed or back-transformed), and the scale of interest. For the indirect approach, kriging of log T with varying local means yields the best estimates for both log-transformed and back-transformed variables in the model domain. For larger regional scales (County and Texas domains), cokriging performs generally better than other kriging procedures when estimating both (log T ) ∗ and T ∗ . Among procedures using the direct approach, the best prediction performances are obtained using kriging of log K with an external drift. Overall, geostatistical estimation of the hydraulic conductivity field at regional scales is rendered difficult by both preferential well location and preferential emplacement of well screens in the most productive portions of the aquifer. Such bias creates unrealistic hydraulic conductivity values, in particular, in sparsely sampled areas.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43202/1/11004_2005_Article_7308.pd

Diffusion as the main process for mass transport in very low water content argillites: 2. Fluid flow and mass transport modeling

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94838/1/wrcr9843.pd

Large‐scale hydraulic conductivities inferred from three‐dimensional groundwater flow and 4 He transport modeling in the Carrizo aquifer, Texas

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94983/1/jgrb14187.pd

Caractérisation et modélisation des transferts de traceurs naturels dans les argilites de Tournemire

The French Institute for Protection and Nuclear Safety (IPSN) is investigating the argillaceous formation of Tournemire (France) as a methodological underground laboratory for conducting research on the feasibility of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste in argillites. Because of the very low water content and hydraulic conductivity of the argillites, the migration through this media should be very low. The fluid flow regime and transport have been studied using natural tracers from the interstitial water.The deuterium and chloride of interstitial water have been chosen for their conservative behavior. After the development of a protocol for the chloride extraction from the water, and tests on the vacuum distillation method for the water extraction from the rock, systematic data acquisition has been performed on the argillaceous sequence of the massif and near the fracture areas. Both chloride and deuterium profiles suggest that transfers are mainly diffusive at the massif scale. But the profiles show an enrichment in ?D and ?18O of the interstitial solution in the area of one meter adjacent to a fracture compared to pore water of samples located at further distance. Therefore, these observations are suggesting that a second process could generate specific transfers, at the vicinity of faults.The hypothesis of the molecular diffusion as a dominant process for transport was successfully tested using a transport model, over periods of several tenth of millions years, taking into account geodynamical features of the region (such as tectonic and induced faults), and assuming that some variations of the tracer concentrations at the system boundaries occurred during the major climate-change periods.Even if tracers' transfers are mainly diffusive at the massif scale, they are or should have been affected by a second process causing heterogeneity of concentrations at the vicinity of faults. This process involves either, intrusion of salted solutions or internal transfers due to overpressures.L'Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire a sélectionné le massif de Tournemire (Aveyron) pour installer sa station expérimentale dans le cadre de ses recherches sur les capacités de confinement des milieux argileux pour le stockage de déchets radioactifs. Compte tenu des très faibles teneur en eau et perméabilité des couches argileuses des argilites, la migration dans ce milieu devrait être très faible. L'écoulement et le transport ont été étudiés en utilisant des traceurs naturels de la solution interstitielle.Après le développement d'un nouveau protocole pour l'extraction du chlorure de l'eau porale et des tests sur la méthode de distillation sous vide de la roche pour la mesure du deutérium de l'eau porale, l'acquisition de données pour ces deux traceurs (étudiés pour leur comportement géochimique conservatif) a été effectuée sur la séquence géologique du massif et à proximité des fractures. Les profils de données obtenus suggèrent que le processus majeur de transferts dans le massif soit la diffusion moléculaire mais ils montrent un enrichissement en ?D et ?18O de la solution interstitielle, jusqu'à un mètre à proximité des fractures, comparé à l'eau porale dans la matrice au-delà de cette zone. Ces observations suggèrent qu'un second processus de transport puisse générer des transferts spécifiques à proximité des fractures.L'hypothèse du processus de diffusion moléculaire à l'échelle du massif a été testée par un modèle de transport, sur une période de plusieurs dizaines de millions d'années, en prenant en compte les caractéristiques géodynamiques de la région (telles que la tectonique et la fracturation induite), et en proposant des scénarios de variations des concentrations de traceurs aux limites du système pour représenter les changements climatiques majeurs. Les transferts de traceurs dans le massif, principalement diffusifs, sont ou ont pu être affectés par un second processus engendrant l'hétérogénéité des concentrations à proximité des fractures. Ce processus implique soit une intrusion de solutions salées, soit des transferts internes au massif dus à des surpressions

Caractérisation et modélisation des transferts de traceurs naturels dans les argilites de Tournemire

PARIS-BIUSJ-Sci.Terre recherche (751052114) / SudocPARIS-MINES ParisTech (751062310) / SudocFONTAINEBLEAU-MINES ParisTech (771862302) / SudocSudocFranceF

A new noble gas paleoclimate record in Texas - Basic assumptions revisited

International audienc

How basin model results enable the study of multi-layer aquifer response to pumping: the Paris Basin, France

International audienceThe Albian aquifer of the Paris Basin (France) has been exploited since 1841 and shows drastic drawdown. A three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model is used to study the hydrodynamic response of the multi-layered aquifers to pumping activity in the Albian, at basin scale over 167 years. This 3D flow model uses geometry and hydrodynamic parameter distributions that are inherited from a genetic approach through basin modelling, the basin model creating a geometric pattern of hydrodynamic properties constrained by geological history. The paper aims to promote the use of the basin model approach (long time scale, 248 Ma) for the study of deep-aquifer response to anthropogenic perturbation (short time scale, 167 years) in situations for which hydrodynamic data are scarce but geological data are numerous. The results show that parameter distribution is insufficient to reproduce the Albian aquifer behaviour, notably highlighting a different meaning of the specific storage coefficient between basin modelling and groundwater-flow modelling. Dividing the storage coefficient by 100 and including available transmissivity data significantly improved the model/data comparison. The potential impact on a deep aquitard is then discussed. This study sheds light on the advantages and limitations of the basin model approach for groundwater-flow modelling in 3D