Desarrollo de un sistema computacional para el aprendizaje de programación estructurada "SCAPE"

En el presente documento se propone un sistema computacional que sirve como alternativa en la enseñanza de la programación estructurada a un usuario tecnológico promedio. A lo largo del documento se muestran el proceso de análisis y diseño de los diferentes elementos que componen la propuesta, y como se construyó el prototipo del sistema que integrara hardware y software. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones del trabajo y algunas recomendaciones sobre el funcionamiento y proyectos futuros que pueden derivarse del sistema

Model of adoption of virtual tools by university students in the context of an emerging economy

IntroductionThe impact of COVID-19 on higher education has necessitated a reevaluation of teaching methodologies, student engagement, and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) as pedagogical tools. This shift creates opportunities for innovation and collaborative learning environments among students.MethodsThis study aims to investigate the adoption of virtual tools by university students in Medellín. A sample of 373 students was surveyed using a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope. Factor analysis techniques were employed utilizing SPSS software to assess the associative relationships among variables and hypotheses within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).ResultsThe analysis revealed significant correlations, particularly between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Notably, technological devices such as laptops and smartphones were identified as valuable tools for educational purposes, contributing to a positive attitude towards their utilization among students.DiscussionThe findings underscore the importance of students’ perceptions in shaping their attitudes towards ICT tools for teaching and learning. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for designing effective pedagogical strategies, particularly in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where virtual tools play a vital role in maintaining educational continuity. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the integration of virtual tools in higher education, highlighting avenues for further research and practical implications for educators and policymakers

Propuesta en supply chain management y logística en la empresa Alimentos y Carnicos

Por medio de este trabajo se realiza el Diplomado en Supply Chain Management y Logística correspondiente a la opción de grado del programa de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. Para ello se escogió a la empresa Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S, la cual hace parte del Grupo Nutresa y se dedica a la fabricación, distribución y comercialización de cárnicos y embutidos. Se escoge esta empresa por la facilidad en el acceso a la información y porque la misma cuenta con todos los procesos logísticos necesarios para la consecución del diplomado. Con la realización de este trabajo se espera obtener las bases para analizar y mejorar los procesos logísticos en cualquier tipo de organización, esto puesto que la rama de la logística hace parte del actuar profesional de la ingeniería industrial. El trabajo contiene 12 capítulos, los cuales se detallan a continuación • En el capítulo 1, se realiza la configuración de la red de la empresa. Para ello se realizó la identificación de los proveedores y clientes de la cadena logística, en todos sus niveles; estableciendo el nivel de jerarquía de cada uno. A su vez se elaboró un diagrama de la cadena, donde se observa la estructura horizontal y vertical de la empresa y se muestran los procesos que son administrados, monitoreados y no administrados. Finalmente, se muestra la estructura organizacional de la empresa, identificando las ramas y dependencias. • En el capítulo 2, se realiza la descripción de los ocho procesos del enfoque estratégico GSCF. Para ello se realizó la descripción de los procesos de: Administración de las Relaciones con el Cliente, Administración del Servicio al Cliente, Administración de la Demanda, Gestión de la Orden, Administración del Flujo Manufactura, Administración de las Relaciones con el Proveedor, Desarrollo y Comercialización de Productos y Administración del Retorno. • En el capítulo 3, se describen los procesos de enfoque APICS-SCOR dentro de la empresa Alimentos Cárnicos, y como se integran para desarrollar los objetivos planteados por la compañía, tomando como referencia el cumplimiento de cada uno de los procesos dentro de las áreas, zonas o sectores correspondientes. Para ello se realizó la descripción de los procesos de Planeación, Aprovisionamiento, Fabricación, Logística, Devolución y Activación. • En el capítulo 4 se analizan los diagramas de Flujo de Información, Flujo de Productos y Flujo de Dinero de la organización Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S. • En el capítulo 5, se realiza un análisis comparativo de Colombia con otros países de Suramérica, Centroamérica, Norteamérica, Europa, Asia y África. • En el capítulo 6 se representa, por medio de un cuadro sinóptico el documento “Conpes 3547 Política Nacional Logística”. • En el capítulo 7, se analiza el concepto The Bullwhip Effect—Exploring Causes and Counter Strategies en la organización Alimentos Cárnicos y se explica cómo sucedería esta situación en la empresa, teniendo en cuenta las siguientes causas: Demand-forecast updating, Order batching, Price fluctuation y Shortage gaming. • En el capítulo 8, se identifica la forma para realizar los inventarios en la organización y con base a esa información se propone una estrategia de gestión para los inventarios; y se genera respuesta a unos interrogantes sobre: la centralización del inventario, el pronóstico de la demanda y la transferencia de inventario entre almacenes. • En el capítulo 9, se identifica el Layout actual de la organización y se genera una propuesta de un nuevo Layout, ya que se desea desarrollar un proceso productivo más eficiente y mejorar las condiciones de los trabajadores de la planta de producción. • En el capítulo 10, se propone una estrategia de aprovisionamiento para la empresa alimentos cárnicos S.A.S., para lograr una mejor selección y evaluación de sus proveedores; de tal manera que pueda apoyar la consecución de los objetivos estratégicos de la misma, como el plan de negocio y estrategia de producción. • En el capítulo 11, se detallan los procesos logísticos de distribución, identificando a través de mapas conceptuales los beneficios y desventajas de implementar estrategias de DRP y TMS en la empresa Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S., para la distribución del portafolio que en este momento tiene en el mercado. A su vez se describe de manera detallada los diferentes modos y medios de transporte utilizados por una empresa en sus procesos de aprovisionamiento de materias primas y distribución de su producto terminado. • En el capítulo 12, se identifican las mega tendencias en Supply Chain Management y Logística por medio de un mapa conceptual y se discuten los factores críticos de éxito que dificultan la implementación de esas mega tendencias, en las empresas colombianas.Through this work, the Diploma in Supply Chain Management and Logistics corresponding to the degree option of the Industrial Engineering program of the National Open and Distance University is carried out. For this, the company Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S was chosen, which is part of Grupo Nutresa and is dedicated to the manufacture, distribution and marketing of meat and sausages. This company is chosen for the ease of access to information and because it has all the logistical processes necessary to achieve the diploma. With the completion of this work, it is expected to obtain the bases to analyze and improve the logistics processes in any type of organization, this since the logistics branch is part of the professional act of industrial engineering. The work contains 12 chapters, which are detailed below • In Chapter 1, the company network setup is done. For this, the identification of the suppliers and customers of the logistics chain was carried out, at all levels; establishing the hierarchy level of each one. In turn, a chain diagram was drawn up, where the horizontal and vertical structure of the company is observed and the processes that are managed, monitored and unmanaged are shown. Finally, the organizational structure of the company is shown, identifying the branches and dependencies. • In Chapter 2, the description of the eight processes of the GSCF strategic approach is made. For this, a description of the processes of: Customer Relations Management, Customer Service Management, Demand Management, Order Management, Manufacturing Flow Management, Supplier Relations Management, Development and Product Marketing and Return Administration. In Chapter 3, the APICS-SCOR approach processes within the Alimentos Cárnicos company are described, and how they are integrated to develop the objectives set by the company, taking as a reference the fulfillment of each of the processes within the areas , zones or corresponding sectors. For this, the description of the Planning, Procurement, Manufacturing, Logistics, Return and Activation processes was carried out. • In Chapter 4, the Information Flow, Product Flow and Money Flow diagrams of the organization Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S. are analyzed. • In Chapter 5, a comparative analysis of Colombia is carried out with other countries in South America, Central America, North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. • In Chapter 6 the document “Conpes 3547 National Logistics Policy” is represented by means of a synoptic table. • In Chapter 7, the concept The Bullwhip Effect — Exploring Causes and Counter Strategies in the Alimentos Cárnicos organization is analyzed and it is explained how this situation would happen in the company, taking into account the following causes: Demand-forecast updating, Order batching, Price fluctuation and Shortage gaming. • In Chapter 8, the way to carry out inventories in the organization is identified and based on this information a management strategy for inventories is proposed; and answers are generated to questions about: inventory centralization, demand forecasting and inventory transfer between warehouses. In Chapter 9, the current Layout of the organization is identified and a proposal for a new Layout is generated, since it is desired to develop a more efficient production process and improve the conditions of the workers in the production plant. • In chapter 10, a supply strategy is proposed for the company Alimentos Carne Meat S.A.S., to achieve a better selection and evaluation of its suppliers; in such a way that it can support the achievement of its strategic objectives, such as the business plan and production strategy. • In Chapter 11, the logistics distribution processes are detailed, identifying through concept maps the benefits and disadvantages of implementing DRP and TMS strategies in the company Alimentos Cárnicos SAS, for the distribution of the portfolio that it currently has in the market. At the same time, the different modes and means of transport used by a company in its processes of sourcing raw materials and distribution of its finished product are described in detail. • In Chapter 12, mega trends in Supply Chain Management and Logistics are identified by means of a concept map and the critical success factors that hinder the implementation of these mega trends in Colombian companies are discussed

Results of A Phase 1 study of the oncolytic adenovirus DNX-2401 with radiotherapy for newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)

Background A Phase 1, single center study is ongoing to evaluate the conditionally replicative oncolytic adenovirus, DNX-2401 (tasadenoturev), followed by radiotherapy (RT) in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Methods Patients 1–18 years with newly diagnosed DIPG with no prior treatment, Lansky/Karnofsky performance score ≥ 70, and adequate organ function were enrolled. A tumor biopsy was performed followed by a single intratumoral injection of 1e10-5e10 virus particles (vp) DNX-2401. Conventional radiotherapy was initiated within 1 month of DNX-2401 administration. Results Enrolled subjects (n=12) had a median age of 9 (range 3–18) and performance scores of 90–100 (n=4; 33%) or 70–80 (n=8; 67%). As part of a dose escalation design, subjects were treated with 1e10 vp (n=4) or 5e10 vp DNX-2401 (n=8), which was then followed by standard RT in 11 of 12 subjects (92%). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed and the treatment regimen was well-tolerated. Adverse events (AEs) have been primarily mild to moderate and consistent with underlying disease. The most commonly reported AEs (≥ 5 subjects), regardless of study drug relationship, include headache, asthenia, vomiting, anemia, leukocytosis, and fever. Two SAEs have been reported including grade 3 lymphopenia and grade 3 abdominal pain. Tumor reductions have been observed and efficacy evaluations are ongoing. As of 09Dec2020, 12-month survival (OS-12) was 71% and 4 of 12 patients had survived > 20 months. Four subjects continue to be followed for survival. Correlative analysis of tumor biopsy and peripheral samples is ongoing. Conclusions DNX-2401 followed by RT can be safely administered to pediatric subjects with newly diagnosed DIPG; clinical activity and preliminary survival are encouraging

Deciphering the introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Colombian Amazon Basin

La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 ha obligado a las autoridades sanitarias de todo el mundo a tomar importantes decisiones para reducir su propagación. La epidemiología genómica se ha convertido en una herramienta valiosa para comprender las introducciones y la propagación del virus en una ubicación geográfica específica.The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced health authorities across the world to take important decisions to curtail its spread. Genomic epidemiology has emerged as a valuable tool to understand introductions and spread of the virus in a specific geographic location

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Intraradicular dentine silanization by a new silicon-based endodontic sealer

International audienc