Efeitos de reguladores vegetais na produtividade do tomateiro

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on fruiting of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions. Applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 1,000 ppm, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) 2,000 ppm, 3-chlorophenoxy propionic acid (3 -CP) 50 ppm, thiazolidin-4-carboxylic acid plus folic acid 0,75 ml/l, and water (check treatment) were performed. It was observed that SADH reduced total weight, number and weight average of tomato fruits, because of flower abscission caused by the timing of the repeated application. Thiazolidin-4-carboxylic acid plus folic acid reduced the total weight and weight average of tomato fruits. Application of 3-CP showed a tendency to increase total weight and number of fruits in the plant.Estudaram-se em condições de casa de vegetação, os efeitos de reguladores vegetais no peso, número e peso médio dos frutos de tomateiro (Lycopersiaon esculentun Mill.). Cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) 1.000 ppm e ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 2.000 ppm foram aplicados antes da abertura floral e duas semanas depois, ácido 3-clorofenoxipropiônico (Fruitone-CPA) 50 ppm pulverizado 4 semanas após a antese das primeiras flores e ácido N-acetil tiazolidin-4-carboxílico com ácido fólico (Ergostim) 0,75 ml/l aplicado durante a antese das primeiras flores dos 3 cachos. Observou-se que o SADH reduziu o peso, número e peso médio dos frutos de tomateiro, Ergostim diminuiu o peso total e o peso médio dos frutos produzidos. Aplicação de Fruitone-CPA mostrou uma tendência de aumentar o peso total e o número de frutos, colhidos

Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight

Indexación: Web of Science; PubMedBackground Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6–8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages. Results A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles. Conclusions We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-

A Bioinformatics Classifier and Database for Heme-Copper Oxygen Reductases

Background: Heme-copper oxygen reductases (HCOs) are the last enzymatic complexes of most aerobic respiratory chains, reducing dioxygen to water and translocating up to four protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes) or cytoplasmatic membrane (prokaryotes). The number of completely sequenced genomes is expanding exponentially, and concomitantly, the number and taxonomic distribution of HCO sequences. These enzymes were initially classified into three different types being this classification recently challenged. Methodology:We reanalyzed the classification scheme and developed a new bioinformatics classifier for the HCO and Nitric oxide reductases (NOR), which we benchmark against a manually derived gold standard sequence set. It is able to classify any given sequence of subunit I from HCO and NOR with a global recall and precision both of 99.8%. We use this tool to classify this protein family in 552 completely sequenced genomes. Conclusions: We concluded that the new and broader data set supports three functional and evolutionary groups of HCOs. Homology between NORs and HCOs is shown and NORs closest relationship with C Type HCOs demonstrated. We established and made available a classification web tool and an integrated Heme-Copper Oxygen reductase and NOR protein database (www.evocell.org/hco)

Berry Flesh and Skin Ripening Features in Vitis vinifera as Assessed by Transcriptional Profiling

Background Ripening of fleshy fruit is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of tissues with separate functions. During grapevine berry ripening important processes contributing to table and wine grape quality take place, some of them flesh- or skin-specific. In this study, transcriptional profiles throughout flesh and skin ripening were followed during two different seasons in a table grape cultivar ‘Muscat Hamburg’ to determine tissue-specific as well as common developmental programs. Methodology/Principal Findings Using an updated GrapeGen Affymetrix GeneChip® annotation based on grapevine 12×v1 gene predictions, 2188 differentially accumulated transcripts between flesh and skin and 2839 transcripts differentially accumulated throughout ripening in the same manner in both tissues were identified. Transcriptional profiles were dominated by changes at the beginning of veraison which affect both pericarp tissues, although frequently delayed or with lower intensity in the skin than in the flesh. Functional enrichment analysis identified the decay on biosynthetic processes, photosynthesis and transport as a major part of the program delayed in the skin. In addition, a higher number of functional categories, including several related to macromolecule transport and phenylpropanoid and lipid biosynthesis, were over-represented in transcripts accumulated to higher levels in the skin. Functional enrichment also indicated auxin, gibberellins and bHLH transcription factors to take part in the regulation of pre-veraison processes in the pericarp, whereas WRKY and C2H2 family transcription factors seems to more specifically participate in the regulation of skin and flesh ripening, respectively. Conclusions/Significance A transcriptomic analysis indicates that a large part of the ripening program is shared by both pericarp tissues despite some components are delayed in the skin. In addition, important tissue differences are present from early stages prior to the ripening onset including tissue-specific regulators. Altogether, these findings provide key elements to understand berry ripening and its differential regulation in flesh and skin.This study was financially supported by GrapeGen Project funded by Genoma España within a collaborative agreement with Genome Canada. The authors also thank The Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for project BIO2008-03892 and a bilateral collaborative grant with Argentina (AR2009-0021). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe