Metodología de implantación de modelos de gestión de la información dentro de los sistemas de planificación de recursos empresariales. Aplicación en la pequeña y mediana empresa

La Siguiente Generación de Sistemas de Fabricación (SGSF) trata de dar respuesta a los requerimientos de los nuevos modelos de empresas, en contextos de inteligencia, agilidad y adaptabilidad en un entono global y virtual. La Planificación de Recursos Empresariales (ERP) con soportes de gestión del producto (PDM) y el ciclo de vida del producto (PLM) proporciona soluciones de gestión empresarial sobre la base de un uso coherente de tecnologías de la información para la implantación en sistemas CIM (Computer-Integrated Manufacturing), con un alto grado de adaptabilidad a la estnictura organizativa deseada. En general, esta implementación se lleva desarrollando hace tiempo en grandes empresas, siendo menor (casi nula) su extensión a PYMEs. La presente Tesis Doctoral, define y desarrolla una nueva metodología de implementación pan la generación automática de la información en los procesos de negocio que se verifican en empresas con requerimientos adaptados a las necesidades de la SGSF, dentro de los sistemas de gestión de los recursos empresariales (ERP), atendiendo a la influencia del factor humano. La validez del modelo teórico de la metodología mencionada se ha comprobado al implementarlo en una empresa del tipo PYME, del sector de Ingeniería. Para el establecimiento del Estado del Arte de este tema se ha diseñado y aplicado una metodología específica basada en el ciclo de mejora continua de Shewhart/Deming, aplicando las herramientas de búsqueda y análisis bibliográfico disponibles en la red con acceso a las correspondientes bases de datos

An Interactive Tool for Servo Systems Learning

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Funcionamiento ejecutivo y TEA: estudio preliminar de la inhibición en una muestra de alumnos con TEA.

La inhibición es un componente del funcionamiento ejecutivo que permite controlar respuestas automatizadas. Sin embargo, los sujetos con TEA/TGD podrían presentar problemas en el control inhibitorio. Objetivos.- En la primera parte del trabajo presentamos una revisión sintética de la literatura científica reciente sobre el funcionamiento ejecutivo -y en particular sobre la inhibición- en los TEA. En la segunda parte, partiendo de una muestra inicial de 10 niños diagnosticados de TEA/TGD en el pasado, evaluamos cuáles de estos niños mantienen en la actualidad dicho diagnóstico y medimos empíricamente el control inhibitorio, mediante una tarea de tipo Stroop (variante Stroop numérico adaptada). Método.- Participaron 10 alumnos de entre 5 y 8 años de edad. Se administraron las siguientes pruebas: GARS-2, Raven color, Peabody y una tarea de inhibición, tipo Stroop, en la que se medía tiempo de reacción y errores en dos condiciones: conflictiva y no-conflictiva. Se conformaron tres grupos de sujetos: diagnóstico TEA/TGD con lenguaje, diagnóstico TEA/TGD sin lenguaje y sin diagnóstico en la actualidad (no TEA/TGD). En cuanto a la tarea tipo Stroop, se realizaron análisis mixtos de medidas repetidas, que mostraron diferencias tanto en el TR como en los errores, en las condiciones y entre los grupos

Training Competences in Industrial Risk Prevention with Lego® Serious Play®: A Case Study

This paper proposes the use of the Lego® Serious Play® (LSP) methodology as a facilitating tool for the introduction of competences for Industrial Risk Prevention by engineering students from the industrial branch (electrical, electronic, mechanical and technological engineering), presenting the results obtained in the Universities of Cadiz and Seville in the academic years 2017–2019. Current Spanish legislation does not reserve any special legal attribution, nor does it require specific competence in occupational risk prevention for the regulated profession of a technical industrial engineer (Order CIN 351:2009), and only does so in a generic way for that of an industrial engineer (Order CIN 311:2009). However, these universities consider the training in occupational health and safety for these future graduates as an essential objective in order to develop them for their careers in the industry. The approach is based on a series of challenges proposed (risk assessments, safety inspections, accident investigations and fire protection measures, among others), thanks to the use of “gamification” dynamics with Lego® Serious Play®. In order to carry the training out, a set of specific variables (industrial sector, legal and regulatory framework, business organization and production system), and transversal ones (leadership, teamwork, critical thinking and communication), are incorporated. Through group models, it is possible to identify dangerous situations, establish causes, share and discuss alternative proposals and analyze the economic, environmental and organizational impact of the technical solutions studied, as well as take the appropriate decisions, in a creative, stimulating, inclusive and innovative context. In this way, the theoretical knowledge which is acquired is applied to improve safety and health at work and foster the prevention of occupational risks, promoting the commitment, effort, motivation and proactive participation of the student teams.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities / European Social Fund: Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2017-22222

The Relationship between Building Agents in the Context of Integrated Project Management: A Prospective Analysis

The increasing complexity of building projects, with high quality standards, integrated technologies and strong management restrictions, demands the intervention of numerous and diverse specialists. This requires an intense leadership, organization and coordination effort. However, building regulations, such as the Spanish Law on Building Management (LOE) 38/1999, only formally consider developers, project designers, project and work supervisors, quality control entities, construction companies, owners and final users as building agents. However, these categories are insufficient to represent the interests of all the stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the agents that are currently part of the entire building process. If their relationship of influence and dependence, as well as their alignment with the overall objectives of the project are studied, potential convergences, divergences, agreements and disagreements can be established. To do this, the authors conducted a prospective analysis through the MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations) strategic planning simulation tool, for which the rules of the Delphi technique were applied and a consultation with technical experts, both professionals and academics, was held. The research provides insight to assess the power relationships between the building agents, as well as to measure the alignment of objectives with their interests. Results show that, in the context of integrated project management (IPM), the influence of technical agents is reduced by limiting their functions to those marked by their regulatory framework, allowing them to focus on their legal powers, and the room for manoeuvre of the professional agents, who are subject to systematized monitoring and control, is also reduced. The prospective analysis also highlights the importance of defining the scope from its early stages, as well as the need to reach multilateral agreements based on the other two main constraints: time and cost.All authors acknowledge the help received by the research group TEP-955 from the PAIDI (Junta de Andalucia, Spain). The first and last authors acknowledge the help received by the research project PIN-0053-2019 by the Fundacion Publica Andaluza Progreso y Salud (Junta de Andalucia, Spain)

Requirements for the Preliminary Design of Innovative Temporary Edge Protection Systems (TEPS) for Construction Works

At present, it is striking that a large percentage of occupational accidents in the construction sector are still caused by falls from height. Therefore, curbing the severe personal, social and economic consequences of these events is not only a commitment but an obligation for all stakeholders in the construction sector. After a review of current fall protection systems on construction sites, the purpose of this study is to establish the preliminary requirements for the design, development and prototyping of a new system which can be used as an auxiliary means to prevent occupational accidents in the construction sector caused by fall hazards at height. Based on the design science research (DSR) methodology, this paper tests the capability of alternative materials (metals, plastics and composites) to withstand the loads required by the regulatory standard UNE-EN 13374:2013+A1:2019 and looks at the improvements they can offer. The results obtained enable new metals and composite materials to be put forward, based on their suitability to the parameters of the risks of falling from height, ensuring that the greatest number of potential situations are addressed. Then, the needs to be satisfied and requirements to be met are listed, prioritised and considered for new temporary edge protection systems (TEPS). Next, the attributes that increase user satisfaction and/or reduce user dissatisfaction are filtered by means of a Kano model, which is applied thanks to the responses of construction designers, coordinators and supervisors. Once these questions are solved, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is performed by a focus group, weighing the Kano contributions and ranking the materials to be selected for the preliminary design of innovative TEPS for construction works. After considering safety, ergonomics, adaptability, sustainability, efficiency, manufacturability and flexibility criteria, the basis for the design of a new temporary edge protection system is establishe

The Influence of Knowledge on Managing Risk for the Success in Complex Construction Projects: The IPMA Approach

[EN] Organizations undertaking construction projects often deal with uncertainty and complexity. Risks include a wide range of occurrences that can lead to project failure. However, these difficulties may be minimized if risks are properly managed. In addition, knowledge management may emerge as a key element in facing unforeseen events and detecting the actions that are working well in other projects. In this context, this study intends to demonstrate the influence of managing organizational knowledge on risk management and the impact of both on the success of projects and associated businesses. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among construction technicians, practitioners and managers in order to assess the importance of factors managing knowledge and risk and of success criteria. Thanks to the participation of almost four hundred respondents, cause-and-effect relationships are characterized by means of structural equation modeling, statistically confirming them. The specific links between the knowledge-management projects and the skills and abilities to face risks provided by the International Project Management Association (IPMA) standards, with a relation of 0.892 out of 1, justify the 75.1% of the success of the venture. These findings prove that the application of IPMA proposals enhances the required knowledge that leads to improved completion and delivery of complex construction projects in risky environments.All authors acknowledge the help received by the research group TEP-955 from the PAIDI (Junta de Andalucia, Spain).Cerezo-Narváez, A.; Pastor-Fernández, A.; Otero-Mateo, M.; Ballesteros-Pérez, P. (2022). The Influence of Knowledge on Managing Risk for the Success in Complex Construction Projects: The IPMA Approach. Sustainability. 14(15):1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159711130141

Análisis de la implantación de la política de publicación en acceso abierto en universidades españolas.

La publicación de trabajos científicos en acceso abierto (AA) se está convirtiendo en una alternativa a los sistemas de publicación tradicionales, en los que existe una comercialización y mercantilización del conocimiento. La popularización del movimiento AA está generando una ingente cantidad de herramientas y buscadores informáticos. En este trabajo se explica de manera detallada el funcionamiento y finalidad de algunas de las herramientas más utilizadas, y se valora la implantación de las políticas de AA en universidades y centros de investigación españoles

Descripción de una experiencia para el desarrollo de la competencia tecnológica de modo transversal en la formación inicial de los grados de maestro/a en educación infantil y en educación primaria

La adquisición de una competencia tecnológica que permita utilizar las TIC como herramienta educativa es uno de los objetivos que se plantean en los planes de estudio de la formación inicial de los futuros maestros y maestras. Sin embargo, entre estos planes de estudio, son pocas las asignaturas que se dirigen específicamente a analizar cómo utilizar esas TIC como herramienta educativa, por lo que este tema debe tratarse de manera transversal durante todas las asignaturas de estos estudios. En este trabajo se describe una experiencia en que se implementan diferentes actividades y se utilizan materiales educativos orientados al desarrollo de la competencia tecnológica en estudiantes de los grados de maestro/a en educación infantil y maestro/a en educación primaria desde la asignatura de Necesidades Educativas Especiales en la Universitat de València. Estas actividades y materiales no están directamente relacionadas con el contenido de la asignatura, sino que sirven de medio de apoyo para el abordaje de los contenidos propios de la asignatura. Entre las estrategias utilizadas para desarrollar esta competencia tecnológica se incluyen: el empleo durante las clases de la pizarra digital interactiva, la creación de sitios web y blogs relacionados con el contenido de la asignatura, el diseño de mapas conceptuales digitales que reflejen gráficamente los contenidos estudiados, la creación de pósters interactivos en los que se aborden los contenidos trabajados, o el diseño de actividades educativas creadas para la educación de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales en soporte informático gracias al uso de herramientas informáticas de autor

Herramientas TIC para la intervención educativa en estudiantes con altas capacidades

Gifted students process information differently, as they have a high creativity and involvement in the task. This fact implies the need to perform a specific education. Some theoretical models have demonstrated the effectiveness of using ICT in the intervention of this type of students, so in this article there have been included some ICT tools that can be useful for teachers. The described tools are: webquests, Open Course Ware (OCW) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), as well as several creative resources to represent information such as map minds, word clouds and infographics. All students can use these resources but they are particularly useful for gifted students, as all of them allow the possibility of expanding knowledge, besides being able to conduct a more selfemployment work and focused on personal interests.Los estudiantes con altas capacidades procesan la información de manera distinta, ya que estos poseen una elevada creatividad e implicación en la tarea. Este hecho implica la necesidad de llevar acabo una intervención educativa específica. Algunos modelos teóricos han demostrado la efectividad del uso de las TICs en la intervención de este tipo de alumnado, por lo que en el presente artículo se incluyen diferentes herramientas TIC que pueden ser de gran utilidad para los docentes. Entre estas herramientas se incluyen: las webquests, los cursos en abierto conocidos como Open Course Ware (OCW) y los Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS), además de diferentes recursos creativos para representar la información como los mapas conceptuales, las nubes de palabras y las infografías. Todos los alumnos pueden utilizar estos recursos pero son particularmente útiles para los alumnos con altas capacidades, ya que todos ellos permiten la posibilidad de ampliar los conocimientos, además de poder llevar a cabo un trabajo más autónomo y centrado en los intereses personales