LIFETIME SEDENTARY IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISEASES

Aim. Lifetime sedentary, has become in recent decades a dominant feature of the lifestyle that has emotional impact on European countries’population. It’s a social and cultural phenomenon that concerns both sexes, involving all age groups and mostly affects the most disadvantaged social classes. Smoke, obesity and physical inactivity, are primary cause of most chronic diseases. Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern age. The study conducted in Italy is twofold: 1) to estimate how much a sedentary lifestyle contributes to the increase of chronic degenerative diseases; 2) to assess how the attitude towards weekly physical activity produces benefits for health gain. The following diseases have been analyzed: ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, breast cancer, overall mortality. Methods. The indicators used are: number of cases and PAF (Population Attributable Fraction). Surveillance System Steps using the conversion factors used by the reference I-Min Lee’s study. Results. Analysis of the results showed that the prevalence of inactive in the Italian national territory is higher in the south than in the north. Therefore, the fraction of disease attributable to physical inactivity considered varies from region to region presenting around twice in the most virtuous regions, compared to the most needed. Conclusions. The data obtained through the heads of the "inactive" in the individual regions makes it possible to detail the percentage of diseases due to physical inactivity and consequently estimate the terms of health gain that would be obtained if we eliminated / we reduced the prevalence of physical inactivity at the local level. Keywords: Lifetime sedentary, chronic disease, daily physical activit

Palynological, megafloral and mesofossil record from the Bajo Grande area (Anfiteatro de Ticó Formation, Baqueró Group, Upper Aptian), Patagonia, Argentina

The late Aptian flora of Baqueró is one of the best known and accurately dated Cretaceous plant associations from Gondwana, recognized for their well-preserved fossil remains. The Cerro Bayo (Bajo Grande area, Argentinean Patagonia) is one of its classical locations and includes the northernmost fossiliferous outcrops of the Baqueró Group, which belong to the Anfiteatro de Ticó Formation. It yields diverse and numerous plant megafossils and reproductive structures with associated pollen. We report a complete systematic study of a palynological association with 124 species, including 26 that are identified for the first time in the unit. This allowed the first record of three major botanical groups not reported before (i.e., lycophytes, hornworts and angiosperms), as well as algae and fungal spores. The same fossiliferous levels also yielded megafloral remains and the first record of a mesofossils assemblage for the Baqueró flora. By integrating all these floristic data sources, relative abundance analyses, and sedimentological data it is possible to propose a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bajo Grande area during the late Aptian: a diverse forest growing in a temperate to warm climate with subtle variations between those associations from floodplains with water instability within a delta and those that grew into a more stable area out of the flooding influence. Thus, the presumed xeromorphic features identified in the Cerro Bayo flora (sunken stomata, papillae, epicuticular waxes) may have been related to contemporaneous volcanic activity recorded in Patagonia rather than to dry conditions.Fil: Llorens, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez Loinaze, Valeria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Passalia, Mauro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Ezequiel Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Economic study of foreign trade in the province of Santa Fe (Argentina) from the socio-economic metabolism approach

La provincia de Santa Fe genera aproximadamente el 7,5% del Producto Bruto Interno de la República Argentina y es la segunda provincia argentina por nivel de exportaciones, combinando una estructura productiva relativamente diversificada pero un patrón de exportaciones centrado en Manufacturas de origen agropecuario y Productos primarios. En función de ello este trabajo parte del enfoque que propone la Economía Ecológica y en particular del concepto del metabolismo socio-económico para aplicarlo de manera de determinar y visibilizar los flujos “ocultos” de materia que suelen verse opacados por la monetización de las variables a partir de un estudio económico del comercio exterior de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El estudio permite visibilizar que la provincia de Santa Fe es una proveedora neta de materiales al resto del mundo con un bajo ratio USD/Tn, obteniendo en determinados momentos un saldo de divisas importante, pero que en algunos períodos ese saldo de divisas se vuelve escaso aún con volúmenes físicos crecientes dados los altos ratios USD/Tn de las importaciones.The province of Santa Fe generates approximately 7.5% of the Gross Domestic Product of the Argentine Republic and is the second Argentine province by the level of exports, combining a relatively diversified productive structure with an export pattern focused on primary agricultural products. Based on this work, part of the approach proposed by Ecological Economics and in particular the concept of socioeconomic metabolism to apply it in order to determine and make visible the “hidden” material flows that can be opaque due to the monetization of variables from an economic study of foreign trade in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The study allows us to see that the province of Santa Fe is a net supplier of materials to the rest of the world with a low USD / Tn ratio, obtaining at certain times an important exchange balance, but in some periods this exchange rate the balance becomes scarce only with the increase in physical volumes given the high USD / Tn import ratios.Fil: Peinado, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.económicas y Estadística. Escuela de Economía. Instituto de Invest.económica; Argentina. Asociación Argentino-Uruguaya de Economía Ecológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Passalia, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hidricas. Departamento de Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Asociación Argentino-Uruguaya de Economía Ecológica; ArgentinaFil: Castelano, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.económicas y Estadística. Escuela de Economía. Instituto de Invest.económica; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Lola. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.económicas y Estadística. Escuela de Economía. Instituto de Invest.económica; ArgentinaFil: Rubies, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.económicas y Estadística. Escuela de Economía. Instituto de Invest.económica; ArgentinaFil: Spanevello, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.económicas y Estadística. Escuela de Economía. Instituto de Invest.económica; Argentin

Changes in CO2 during ocean anoxic event 1d indicate similarities to other carbon cycle perturbations

Past greenhouse intervals of the Mesozoic were repeatedly punctuated by Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs), major perturbations to the global carbon cycle and abrupt climate changes that may serve as relevant analogs for Earth’s greenhouse gas-forced climate future. The key to better understanding these transient climate disruptions and possible CO2 forced tipping-points resides in high-resolution, precise, and accurate estimates of atmospheric CO2 for individual OAEs. Here we present a high-temporal resolution, multi-proxy pCO2 reconstruction for the onset of mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian Boundary) OAE1d. Coupling of pCO2 estimates with carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of charcoal, vitrain, and cuticle from the Rose Creek Pit (RCP), Nebraska, reveals complex phasing, including a lag between the well-documented negative δ13C excursion defining the onset of OAE1d and the CO2 increase. This lag indicates that increased CO2 or other C-based greenhouse gases may not have been the primary cause of the negative excursion. Our study reveals a pCO2 increase within the interval of the negative δ13C excursion, reaching a maximum of up to ~840 ppm (95% confidence interval -307 ppm/+167 ppm) toward its end. The reconstructed magnitude of CO2 increase (~357 ppm) is similar to that of Late Cretaceous OAE2 but of smaller magnitude than that of other major carbon cycle perturbations of the Mesozoic assessed via stomatal methods (e.g., the Toarcian OAE [TOAE], Triassic-Jurassic boundary event, Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary event). Furthermore, our results indicate a possible shared causal or developmental mechanism with OAE1a and the TOAE

Diets of giants: the nutritional value of sauropod diet during the Mesozoic

A major uncertainty in estimating energy budgets and population densities of extinct animals is the carrying capacity of their ecosystems, constrained by net primary productivity (NPP) and its digestible energy content. The hypothesis that increases in NPP due to elevated atmospheric CO₂ contributed to the unparalleled size of the sauropods has recently been rejected, based on modern studies on herbivorous insects that imply a general, negative correlation of diet quality and increasing CO₂. However, the nutritional value of plants grown under elevated CO₂ levels might be very different for vertebrate megaherbivores than for insects. Here we show plant species‐specific responses in metabolizable energy and nitrogen content, equivalent to a two‐fold variation in daily food intake estimates for a typical sauropod, for dinosaur food plant analogues grown under CO₂ concentrations spanning estimates for Mesozoic atmospheric concentrations. Our results potentially rebut the hypothesis that constraints on sauropod diet quality were driven by Mesozoic CO₂ concentration

Impianti per la lavorazione del miele

Dottorato di ricerca in meccanica e meccanizzazione agricola. 12. ciclo. Tutore Gennaro Giametta. Coordinatore Giacomo BlandiniConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Biblioteca Centrale P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Piazza Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

On the presence of the Cycad Pseudoctenis Dentata Archangelsky and Baldoni in the Punta del Barco formation (late Aptian), Santa Cruz province, Argentina

En el sur de América del Sur más de veinte especies de Pseudoctenis (Cycadales) han sido registradas en depósitos comprendidos entre el Triásico Superior y el Cretácico Inferior. Sin embargo, sólo tres especies, pertenecientes al Grupo Baqueró (Aptiano), conservan restos de cutícula. Uno de ellos, Pseudoctenis dentata Archangelsky y Baldoni, de la Formación Anfiteatro de Ticó (unidad inferior del Grupo Baqueró) se identifica aquí sobre la base de un nuevo espécimen bien conservado obtenido en depósitos del mismo grupo, pero en su unidad superior (Formación Punta del Barco). Este registro extiende la presencia de P. dentata en el Cretácico de Patagonia, a la vez que refuerza la importancia de considerar las características cuticulares en las asignaciones paleotaxonómicas.In southern South America more than twenty species, referred to the cycad genus Pseudoctenis, have been recorded from Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous deposits. However only three, identified from the Baqueró Group (Aptian), have cuticle preserved. One of them, Pseudoctenis dentata Archangelsky and Baldoni, from the Anfiteatro de Ticó Formation (basal unit of the Baqueró Group) is here identified on the basis of well-preserved material collected in the same Group, but in its upper unit (Punta del Barco Formation). This record extends the presence of this taxon in the Cretaceous flora of Patagonia and reinforces the importance of the cuticular features in paleotaxonomical assignations.Fil: Passalia, Mauro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Korallipteris, a new genus for Mesozoic Gleichenia-like fern fronds

A new morphogenus, Korallipteris, is proposed to accommodate fertile or sterile fern fronds possessing essentially Gleichenia-like morphology (e.g., pinnate fronds with small pecopteroid pinnules) but lacking diagnostic features that allow their classification at fern family-level. The aim is thus, to solve an old nomenclatural problem that involves the use of illegitimate genera, such as Gleichenites Goeppert and Microphyllopteris Arber. Several species of Gleichenites described from the Mesozoic of Argentina and Chile, and Microphyllopteris unisora Cantrill and Nagalingum from Antarctica are here reassigned to Korallipteris gen. nov. The proposal of Nagalingum and Cantrill to preserve Gleicheniaceaephyllum Crabtree emend. Nagalingum and Cantrill for true Gleicheniaceous ferns, diagnosed by having an arrested laminar bud, is here accepted.Fil: Vera, Ezequiel Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra de Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Passalia, Mauro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin