Cooperación entre empresas como proceso dinámico y su influencia en los resultados: una aproximación desde el cooperativismo oleícola andaluz

Some authors point to the analysis of enterprise cooperation, as a dynamic process, as a future line of research. Within this context and looking at second grade Andalusian oil cooperative movement, we analyse of there is a positive association between the degree of adherence to the cooperative protocol and the development of the cooperation agreement, paying attention to its influence on the achievement of the objectives set forward in the agreement. results suggest that there is a link: the cooperatives that followed strictly the several stages of the cooperation agreement managed better commercial results in the joint commercial framework than those than did not.Cooperation agreements, cooperative integration, dynamic analysis, commercial development.

Factores inductores de un comportamiento medioambientalmente sostenible: el caso de las cooperativas oleícolas giennenses

In recent years the increasing demands imposed by legislation have led to growing concern about the environment and sustainable development. However, in some companies this concern goes no further than abiding by the law. Others, in contrast, have found a source of competitive advantage in environmental protection. The motivation behind the development of environmentally sustainable behaviour in these different types of companies differs greatly. We analyse the situation of cooperatives in the olive oil sector in Jaén to see whether they are developing a reactive or proactive attitude towards sustainable development, bearing in mind the primary factors that lead them to implement more environmentally sustainable activities and behaviour. We also examine whether similar behaviour is found throughout the sector, or whether some groups are more advanced than others in terms of environmental sustainability.Sustainable development, the environment, olive oil cooperatives, competitive advantage.

Preference for olive oil consumption in the Spanish local market

It is becoming ever more important for the olive oil industry in Spain to adopt a business strategy based on client orientation. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to identify the preferences of olive oil consumers and propose a series of business strategies for the producing sector. The methodology consisted in a survey of 404 olive oil consumers during the months of January and February 2013, whose preferences were determined through several multivariate techniques (conjoint analysis, consumer segmentation and a simulation of market share). The preferred olive oil is low priced, extra virgin and organic. The type of bottle does not appear to be relevant in the buying decision process, although it might be a factor in increasing market share. The current economic crisis has resulted in the emergence of two consumer segments; 67.1% of consumers selected the olive oil they buy on the basis of price and 32.9% were guided by the product’s specific attributes, which include, for example, organic production, which can be another differentiating element for producing companies

Land use change effects on soil organic carbon store. An opportunity to soils regeneration in Mediterranean areas: Implications in the 4p1000 notion

Abstract The knowledge about land management effects on soil capacity to store carbon is necessary to planning effective strategies by managers and decision-makers. In this study we analyzed the land use change (LUC) effects on soil organic carbon stocks (SOC-S) for long term in the Sardinia region - Italy (Mediterranean area). Throughout the 20th century, the studied area has undergone different LUC. The first LUC was in 1938, from forest to agricultural land under three different uses: vineyards, hay crop and pasture, later (1966) some of this agricultural land were abandoned to seminatural ecosystem (second LUC). The different LUC affected to SOC-S causing decarbonization, carbonization and recarbonization processes along the soil profile. The different land uses studied chronologically were: i) natural forest - cork oak forest (Cof), ii) tilled vineyard (Tv), iii) no tilled grassed vineyard (Ntgv), iv) hay crop (Hc), v) pasture - silvopastoral and silvoarable practices (P), and vi) former vineyard - vineyards abandoned and naturally revegetated (Fv). The first LUC (Cof to Tv, Ntgv, Hc and P) caused 5.1% and 37.5% reduction on SOC-S for Tv and Ntgv (soil decarbonization), however, the SOC-S increased 47.1% and 51.3% for Hc and P respectively (soil carbonization). The second LUC (Tv and Ntgv to Fv) increased the SOC-S on average 66.3% (soil recarbonization). In general, these effects were observed principally in depth. This study shows the importance of land use and LUC with respect to SOC-S, and that the human action can degrade and/or regenerate the soil, affecting to soil functions. Consequently, is necessity to promote good environmental practices to improve the soil functions and to reduce the greenhouse gases (ecosystem services). On the presumption that the SOC sequestration through of agricultural management can reduced the atmospheric CO2 concentration (4p1000 target in the XXI Conference of the Parties – Paris, 2015). Therefore, the soils regeneration via carbonization and/or recarbonization is an opportunity to prevent the climate change

Evaluación de la satisfacción de los estudiantes de diferentes grados del área de Ciencias de la Salud, mediante la utilización de la plataforma Kahoot

El presente proyecto es una propuesta para evaluar la satisfacción de estudiantes universitarios sobre la planificación y el desarrollo de la actividad docente, en distintas asignaturas pertenecientes al Área de Ciencias de la Salud durante el curso 2017-2018, mediante el diseño de cuestionarios específicos y el uso de la plataforma Kahoot

Enzymatically and/or thermally treated Macroalgae biomass as feedstock for fermentative H2 production

Due to its high carbohydrate content, algae biomass can be employed as feedstock to produce hydrogen (H2)by fermentation. However, to make the carbohydrates entrapped within the cell wall more bioavailable, algaebiomass must be treated before fermentation. We submitted Kappaphyccus alvarezzi macroalgae biomass toautoclave (at 120 °C and 1 atm for 6 h) treatment and/or enzymatic (Celluclast® and/or a recombinant β-glucosidase) hydrolysis, to break down complex carbohydrates into available sugars that were used to produceH2 by fermentation. Macroalgae biomass treated with Celluclast®+β-glucosidase and with combinedthermal treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis reached very similar TRS productivities, 0.24 and 0.22 g ofTRS/L.h, respectively. The enzymatically treated biomass was employed as feedstock to produce H2 byClostridium beijerinckii Br21, which afforded high yield: 21.3 mmol of H2/g of dry algae biomass. Hence,treatment with Celluclast® and recombinant β-glucosidase provided macroalgae biomass for enhanced bioconversionto H2 by C. beijerinckii Br21.Keywords: Kappaphyccus alvarezzi, Clostridium beijerinckii, Biohydrogen, Cellulase, β-glucosidas

A plant virus causes symptoms through the deployment of a host-mimicking protein domain to attract the insect vector.

During compatible plant-virus interactions, viruses can interfere with the normal developmental program of their hosts, leading to the appearance of phenotypes that we usually identify as ‘’symptoms of infection’’ (leaf curling and yellowing, stunting, dwarfism, necrosis). Despite their relevance, the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom induction and their biological meaning, if any, remain poorly understood. By using tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Geminivirus) as model, we have isolated C4 as the main protein responsible for the induction of TYLCV-associated symptoms in tomato. C4, by mimicking a host protein domain, the Conserved C-termini in LAZY1 protein family (CCL) domain, physically interacts with the RCC1-like domain-containing plant proteins (RLDs). By interacting with the RLDs through the CCL-like domain, C4 displaces one endogenous interactor, LAZY (LZY), interfering with RLD functions in processes such as auxin signaling and endomembrane trafficking, which correlates with the manifestation of symptoms. Surprisingly, we observed that appearance of C4-mediated symptoms in tomato plants plays no major role in viral replication nor movement, but they serve as attractants for the insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which preferentially feeds on tomato plants exhibiting strong symptoms of viral infection. These results suggest that, during plant-virus co-evolution, symptoms may have appeared as a strategy to promote viral transmission by the insect vector, at least in some specific plant-virus-vector pathosystems.Work in RLD’s lab is partially funded by the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments, the ERC-COG GemOmics (101044142), the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research foundation) (project numbers LO 2314/1-1 and SBF 1101/3, C08), and a Royal Society Newton Advance grant (NA140481 – NAF\R2\180857). EA is the recipient of a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant 896910-GeminiDECODER). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech