Efecto de cinco dietas con diferentes proporciones de fibra detergente neutro y almidón en el rendimiento productivo, comportamiento ingestivo y peso de órganos digestivos del cuy (Cavia porcellus)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the ratio of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and starch in the diet on productive performance, ingestive ratio and weight of the digestive organs of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared varying the NDF:starch ratio (PFA): 8.1, 3.5, 2.0, 1.3, and 0.8. In total, 160 28-day-old guinea pigs fed for seven weeks were used. The weight gain and the feed conversion index in the PFA 2.0 and PFA 1.3 groups were better than the other groups (p<0.05), together with a higher carcass performance (p<0.05). The weight gain in PFA 3.5 was greater than in the PFA 8.1 and PFA 0.8 groups (p<0.05). The relative intake of dry matter (DM) and the intake of NDF in the PFA 8.1 group was the highest; however, the digestible energy intake in PFA 8.1 was the lowest (p<0.05). Cecum weight was higher in PFA 8.1, PFA 3.5 and PFA 2.0 than in PFA 1.3 and PFA 0.8 (p<0.05). The DM intake in PFA 0.8 was the lowest. The results indicate that the optimal NDF:starch ratio in growing guinea pig diets is between 1.3 and 2.0.  El experimento tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la relación de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y almidón en la dieta sobre rendimiento productivo, comportamiento ingestivo y peso de los órganos digestivos del cuy (Cavia porcellus). Se prepararon cinco dietas isonitrogenadas variando la proporción FDN:almidón (PFA): 8.1, 3.5, 2.0, 1.3 y 0.8. Se usaron 160 cuyes de 28 días de edad alimentados durante siete semanas. El aumento de peso y el índice de conversión alimenticia en los grupos PFA 2.0 y PFA 1.3 fueron mejores que los demás grupos (p<0.05), acompañado por un mayor rendimiento de carcasa (p<0.05). El aumento de peso en PFA 3.5 fue mayor que en los grupos PFA 8.1 y PFA 0.8 (p<0.05). La ingesta relativa de materia seca (MS) y la ingesta de FDN en el grupo PFA 8.1 fue la más alta; sin embargo, la ingesta de energía digestible en PFA 8.1 fue la menor (p<0.05). El peso de ciego fue mayor en PFA 8.1, PFA 3.5 y PFA 2.0 que en PFA 1.3 y PFA 0.8 (p<0.05). La ingesta de MS en PFA 0.8 fue la menor. Los resultados indican que la proporción óptima de FDN:almidón en las dietas de cuyes en crecimiento está entre 1.3 y 2.0

Iterative Methods for the Biomechanical Evaluation of Corneal Response. A Case Study in the Measurement Phase

The number of corneal surgeries steadily grew in recent years and boosted the development of corneal biomechanical models. These models can contribute to simulating surgery by reducing associated risks and the need for secondary interventions due to ectasias or other problems related to correcting other diseases. Biomechanical models are based on the geometry obtained with corneal topography, which is affected by intraocular pressure and material properties. Knowledge of stress distribution in the measurement phase is a key factor for improving the accuracy of in silico mechanical models. In this work, the results obtained by two different methods: prestress method and displacements method were compared to evaluate the stress and strain distribution in a general geometric model based on the Navarro eye geometry and two real corneal geometries. The results show that both methods are equivalent for the achievement of the stress distribution in the measurement phase. Stress distribution over the corneal geometry in the measurement phase is a key factor for accurate biomechanical simulations, and these simulations could help to develop patient-specific models and reduce the number of secondary interventions in clinical practice.This publication was carried out in the framework of the Thematic Network for Co‐Operative Research in Health (RETICS) reference number RD12/0034/0007 and RD16/0008/0012, financed by the Carlos III Health Institute—General Subdirection of Networks and Cooperative Investigation Centers (R&D&I National Plan 2008–2011) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The author David P. Piñero was supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ramón y Cajal, RYC‐2016‐20471

Experiencia estética y desarrollo sostenible: Un estudio de caso

A partir de la pregunta de cómo pueden contribuir las artes para la comunicación sobre desarrollo sostenible, el estudio hace un análisis sociológico-antropológico de la recepción de una exposición internacional de arte contemporáneo sobre sostenibilidad en Valparaíso, Chile. La experiencia estética del público comprueba que el arte, a través de componentes sensuales y estrategias estéticas que conducen a la reflexión, puede fertilizar la susceptibilidad a cuestiones de desarollo sostenible. Esa potencialidad es capaz de identificar lagunas en la discusión pública local sobre sostenibilidad, pero no es capaz de rellenarlas.Palabras clave: Experiencia estética; sostenibilidad; arte contemporáneo; Valparaíso

Lack of association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms and suicide attempts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The aim of this study is to investigate the association between two polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and suicide attempts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped 186 suicide attempters and 420 unrelated healthy controls. The following polymorphisms were analysed: T-786C and 27-bp repeat in intron 4.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No significant differences were found in genotype or in allelic distribution of the aforesaid polymorphisms. There were also no differences in the genotype distribution or allelic frequencies when separately assessing males and females or impulsive and non-impulsive attempters and normal controls. Estimated haplotype frequencies were similar in both groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data do not support the hypothesis that genetically determined changes in the NOS3 gene confer increased susceptibility for suicidal behavior.</p

Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016

Acciari, V. A., et al. (MAGIC Collaboration)We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z = 0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsähovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014 November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1 TeV 0.1 TeV) γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9-6 d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia ‘Severo Ochoa’ SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ MDM-2014-0369 and the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ

Plan de negocios para una empresa de gesti?n y control de servicios integrados de telecomunicaciones para la MYPE de Lima Metropolitana

El desarrollo del presente plan de negocios ha podido demostrar que la creaci?n de una empresa que brinde soluciones de servicios gestionados e integrados de telecomunicaciones dirigido al sector mype es una propuesta viable desde el an?lisis t?cnico y econ?mico. La propuesta destaca tres factores: En primer lugar, un mercado atractivo en tama?o, en Lima Centro, a diciembre 2015 exist?an 373,670 mypes, de los cuales el 95.85% de las unidades registradas son micro empresas y el 4.15% peque?as empresas (INEI, Estrutura empresarial, 2015). En segundo lugar, una demanda no satisfecha; necesidades no cubiertas en los servicios de telecomunicaciones para mypes (la oferta de los proveedores dirigida a las grandes empresas y los precios son las causas m?s comunes de este problema). Finalmente, el conocimiento del rubro de los integrantes del grupo y una nueva visi?n de gesti?n hacen que la propuesta de valor de la empresa radique en bridar servicios gestionados que se ajusten a las necesidades del cliente

NIVELES DE POTASIO SÉRICO Y ESTUDIO ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICO EN CRÍAS DE ALPACA (Vicugna pacos)

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of serum potassium and electrocardiographic parameters in young alpacas. Thirty alpacas (17 males and 13 females) from 1 to 60 days of age from various alpaca farms in Maranganí, Cusco were used. The levels of serum potassium was 5.91 ± 1.48 mmol/L and without statistical differences between sexes. The electrocardiographic values were: P wave time, 0.04 ± 0.0s; P wave amplitude, 0.173 ± 0.058 mV; PQ time, 0.101 ± 0.02 s; QRS time, 0.038 ± 0.006 s; QRS complex, 0.557 ± 0.412 mV; QT time, 0.237 ± 0.040 s; T wave amplitude, 0.413 ± 0.266 mV. Moreover, animals with increased T wave had potassium values above 5.5 mmol/L but without signs of heart disease. In addition, values of serum potassium and electrocardiographic paramters showed similarity to the values of other species.El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar los niveles de potasio sérico y los parámetros electrocardiográficos. El trabajo se hizo en 30 alpacas (17 machos y 13 hembras) menores de 60 días de edad, provenientes de las comunidades alpaqueras de Maranganí, Canchis, en Cusco. El nivel de potasio sérico fue de 5.91 ± 1.48 mmol/L, sin diferencias estadísticas entre sexos. Los valores electrocardiográficos fueron: Duración onda P, 0.04 ± 0.0 s; amplitud onda P, 0.173 ± 0.058 mV; duración PQ, 0.101 ± 0.020 s; duración QRS, 0.038 ± 0.006 s; complejo QRS, 0.557 ± 0.412 mV; duración QT, 0.237 ± 0.040 s; amplitud onda T, 0.413 ± 0.266 mV. Asimismo, se observó que crías con onda T aumentada presentaban valores de potasio por encima de 5.5 mmol/L. Además, los valores del potasio sérico y de los parámetros electrocardiográficos fueron similares a los valores de otras especies

Active wetting of epithelial tissues

Development, regeneration and cancer involve drastic transitions in tissue morphology. In analogy with the behavior of inert fluids, some of these transitions have been interpreted as wetting transitions. The validity and scope of this analogy are unclear, however, because the active cellular forces that drive tissue wetting have been neither measured nor theoretically accounted for. Here we show that the transition between 2D epithelial monolayers and 3D spheroidal aggregates can be understood as an active wetting transition whose physics differs fundamentally from that of passive wetting phenomena. By combining an active polar fluid model with measurements of physical forces as a function of tissue size, contractility, cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, and substrate stiffness, we show that the wetting transition results from the competition between traction forces and contractile intercellular stresses. This competition defines a new intrinsic lengthscale that gives rise to a critical size for the wetting transition in tissues, a striking feature that has no counterpart in classical wetting. Finally, we show that active shape fluctuations are dynamically amplified during tissue dewetting. Overall, we conclude that tissue spreading constitutes a prominent example of active wetting --- a novel physical scenario that may explain morphological transitions during tissue morphogenesis and tumor progression

Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults.

New neurons continue to be generated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus. This process has been linked to learning and memory, stress and exercise, and is thought to be altered in neurological disease. In humans, some studies have suggested that hundreds of new neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus every day, whereas other studies find many fewer putative new neurons. Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. In adult patients with epilepsy and healthy adults (18-77 years; n = 17 post-mortem samples from controls; n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. In the monkey (Macaca mulatta) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved

An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at vs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased γ -ray telescope FACT during a high γ -ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ -ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The _ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ -ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys.We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, and FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant no. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia ‘Severo Ochoa’ SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. The FACT collaboration acknowledges the important contributions from ETH Zurich grants ETH-10.08-2 and ETH-27.12-1 as well as the funding by the Swiss SNF and the German BMBF (Verbundforschung Astro- und Astroteilchenphysik) and HAP (Helmoltz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics) are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876 ‘Providing Information by Resource-Constrained Analysis’, project C3