Caracterización del flujo del río moche en la desembocadura con el océano pacífico

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el objetivo de Caracterizar el flujo del río moche en la desembocadura con el océano pacifico ante una avenida extraordinaria para así determinar el rango de daños en las posibles áreas de inundación. Teniendo en cuenta el estado actual y pasado de rio moche, su topografía en el tramo aguas abajo del rio moche desde el puente moche hasta la desembocadura del rio, su estudio de suelos, los caudales y su modelamiento en el programa Iber. Para esto se realizó una visita de campo al sector conociendo el estado actual del rio moche además de hacer de la recopilación fotográfica de los diferentes estados del rio a través del tiempo. Mediante el uso de un dron y GPS diferencial se hizo el levantamiento topográfico el cual nos dio una pendiente de 0.003 m/m, se hicieron calicatas para obtener la granulometría y el d 50 = 0.39 del estudio de suelos, se obtuvieron datos de caudales del rio moche registrados desde el año 1950 procesándolos en el programa Hidroesta para así obtener un caudal de diseño con respecto a diferentes periodos de retorno (50,100,500 años) posteriormente realizamos un modelamiento bidimensional a través del programa Iber. Con lo antes misionado se concluye que el modelamiento numérico que se realizó con el Software Iber, en el cual se verifico que en la zona de estudio el flujo no tiende a irse a la margen izquierda, asimismo no genera una zona de inestabilidad cerca a la desembocadura además que al aplicarle los diques al modelo no presenta inundación para ningún caudal de los diferentes periodos de retorno.The present research work has the objective of characterizing the flow of the moche river in the mouth with the pacific ocean before an extraordinary avenue to determine the range of damages in the possible flood areas. Taking into account the current and past state of Rio Moche, its topography in the stretch downstream of the river Moche from the Moche bridge to the mouth of the river, its study of soils, flows and modeling in the Iber program. For this, a field visit was made to the sector knowing the current state of the Moche river as well as making the photographic compilation of the different states of the river through time. Through the use of a drone and differential GPS, the topographic survey was made, which gave us a slope of 0.003 m / m, pits were made to obtain the granulometry and d 50 = 0.39 of the soil study, data of water flow were obtained rio moche registered since 1950, processing them in the Hidroesta program in order to obtain a design flow with respect to different return periods (50,100,500 years) later, we carried out a twodimensional modeling through the Iber program. With the previous mission, it is concluded that the numerical modeling was done with the Iber Software, in which it was verified that in the study area the flow does not tend to go to the left margin, also does not generate an area of instability near the In addition, when the levees are applied to the model, there is no flood for any flow of the different return periods.Tesi

Interactive whiteboards in andean communities: A training model

Interactive whiteboards are an educational tool widely adopted as part of the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and cost reduction. This technology becomes more effective when teachers know and apply interactive teaching methods that can improve the results of the teaching-learning process. This research presents a training model for primary and high school teachers in Yanaquihua, Condesuyos, Arequipa. The proposed training model generated good results: teachers improved their interactive content-making skills by 29 percent. Also, 50 percent of the interactive content created by teachers is considered satisfactory quality. Only 11 percent of teachers needed to dedicate more effort to achieve the objectives. This document reports the importance, the limitations, and the results of applying the proposed training model to improve the performance and effectiveness of technologies in the classroom. Keywords-- Interactive whiteboard; training model; Andean communities; teachers’ training; interactive content.Campus Arequip

Sistema de control de Inventarios multicriterio difuso para repuestos

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta para el problema de control de inventarios de los ítems más representativos de un almacén de repuestos, donde se debe considerar más de un criterio. La metodología aplicada se basó inicialmente en la realización de una clasificación de los ítems mediante el uso del AHP difuso (FAHP), donde se tuvieron en cuenta importantes criterios relacionados con la caracterización del tipo de ítems, tales como el costo total y la criticidad, con esto se identificaron los grupos de ítems más representativos, después se realizó una segunda clasificación para identificar dentro de estos grupos los artículos críticos para el sistema de control. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis de demanda y el respectivo pronóstico para los ítems clasificados como tipo A. Finalmente se presenta la propuesta de aplicación de la política de control de inventario continua (s,Q), teniendo en cuenta el análisis de las políticas utilizadas para los repuestos y se valida mediante un caso aplicado a un ingenio azucarero

Effect of new fungicides on peanut leaf spot and yield

Las enfermedades son el principal problema sanitario del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.), siendo viruela (Cercospora arachidicola Hori y Cercosporidium personatum (Berck. & Curt Deighton)) la más importante del mundo, y la que mayores pérdidas produce en nuestra región. Su manejo es a través del control químico, siendo importante evaluar los nuevos fungicidas que se registran en el cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de nuevos fungicidas sobre la intensidad de viruela y el rendimiento de maní. El estudio se realizó en 2015/16 y 2016/17, en General Cabrera y Vicuña Mackenna, Córdoba. Se probaron los tratamientos: T1) Pyraclostrobin(13,3%)+epoxiconazole(5%)(750cc/ha), T2) Trifloxistrobin(18,75%)+prothioconazole(17,5%)(700cc/ha), T3) Azoxistrobina (20%)+difenoconazole(12,5%) (500cc/ha), T4) Difenoconazole(25%)(400cc/ ha), T5) Clorotalonil(72%)(1400cc/ha), T6) Fluxapyroxad(5%)+epoxyconazole(5%) + pyraclostrobin(8,1%)(1200cc/ha), T7) Penthiopirad(10%)+picoxystrobin(10%) (800cc/ha), T8) Benzovindiflupyr(15%)+azoxistrobina(30%)(200grs/ha) y T9) Testigo sin fungicida. La evaluación de viruela se realizó cada 15 días desde la primera aplicación considerando su incidencia (% de folíolos afectados) y severidad total (% de área foliar perdida). La producción se evaluó en 2 m2 de cada parcela, determinándose el rendimiento en vainas, granos y granos tamaño confitería. La comparación entre tratamientos se realizó a través de un modelo lineal mixto y test de comparación de medias DGC (p<0,05). En ambas campañas y localidades, se observó que los nuevos fungicidas a base de carboxamidas y clorotalonil presentan un mejor control de viruela y respuesta en el rendimiento de maní respecto a las mezclas de estrobilurinas + triazoles utilizadas en la última década; siendo estos, una alternativa importante para un control correcto de la enfermedad.Diseases are the main sanitary problem for cultivation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop. Among fungal diseases, leaf spot by Cercospora arachidicola Hori y Cercosporidium personatum (Berck. & Curt Deighton) is the most important worldwide, and that which causes the highest production losses in our area. Management of this disease is carried out through chemical control. Thus, it becomes relevant to assess the effectiveness of new fungicides registered for use in this crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of new fungicides on the incidence and severity of leaf spot and on peanut yield, under field conditions. The study was carried out during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons in two peanut growing areas, General Cabrera and Vicuña Mackenna, located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used and the treatments were: T1) Pyraclostrobin (13,3%) + epoxiconazole (5%) (750 cc/ha); T2) Trifloxystrobin (18,75%) + prothioconazole (17,5%) (700 cc/ha); T3) Azoxystrobin (20%) + difenoconazole (12,5%) (500 cc/ha); T4) Difenoconazole (25%) (400 cc/ha); T5) Clorotalonil (72%) (1400 cc/ha); T6) Fluxapyroxad (5%) + epoxyconazole (5%) + pyraclostrobin (8,1%) (1200 cc/ha); T7) Penthiopyrad (10 %) + picoxystrobin (10%) (800 cc/ha); T8) Benzovindiflupyr (15%) + azoxystrobin (30%) (200 grs/ha) and T9) Control. The measurement of leaf spot was carried out every 15 days since the first application, considering incidence (% of affected leaflets), and total severity (% of lost leaf area). Production was evaluated in 2 m2 from each plot. Pod yield (kg/ha), grain yield (kg/ha) and confectionary grains yield (kg/ha) were determined. The comparison between treatments was done through a mixed linear model and DGC test for comparison of means (p<0,05). In both seasons and growing areas, it was observed that the new fungicides based on carboxamides and clorotalonil achieved a higher control of leaf spot and caused higher peanut yields, as compared to the mixtures of strobilurins + triazoles that have been being used during the last decade. Consequently, carboxamides and clorotalonil have potential for a proper management of the disease.Fil: Oddino, Claudio. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Damian Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cazón, Luis Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giuggia, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Rago, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Efecto de quitosano en el crecimiento in vitro de Thecaphora frezii

Este biopolímero no es tóxico para mamíferos y animales superiores, y estimula la respuesta de defensa de las plantas frente a estrés biótico y abiótico. Desde que Allan y Hadwiger en 1979, mostraron por primera vez el efecto antifúngico de quitosano, este biopolímero ha atraído la atención de numerosos investigadores con el propósito de evaluar la sensibilidad de diferentes hongos frente a este compuesto. Se ha visto que quitosano de bajo peso molecular y alto grado de deacetilación es más efectivo para inhibir el crecimiento de hongos patógenos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el efecto de quitosano como inhibidor del crecimiento in vitro del hongo Thecaphora frezii, agente causal de la enfermedad del carbón del maní.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Merino, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA); Argentina.Fil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET). Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA). Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, M.S. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de excelencia en productos y procesos Córdoba (CEPROCOR); ArgentinaFil: Figueroa, A.C. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de excelencia en productos y procesos Córdoba (CEPROCOR); ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA); Argentina.Fil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; Argentin

Assessment of platelet REACtivity after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

OBJECTIVES: The REAC-TAVI (Assessment of platelet REACtivity after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial enrolled patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pre-treated with aspirin + clopidogrel, aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in suppressing high platelet reactivity (HPR) after TAVI. BACKGROUND: Current recommendations support short-term use of aspirin + clopidogrel for patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR despite the lack of compelling evidence. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter investigation. Platelet reactivity was measured at 6 different time points with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, California). HPR was defined as (P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥208. Patients with HPR before TAVR were randomized to either aspirin + ticagrelor or aspirin + clopidogrel for 3 months. Patients without HPR continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (registry cohort). The primary endpoint was non-HPR status (PRU <208) in ≥70% of patients treated with ticagrelor at 90 days post-TAVR. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were included. Of these, 48 (71%) had HPR (PRU 273 ± 09) and were randomized to aspirin + ticagrelor (n = 24, PRU 277 ± 08) or continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (n = 24, PRU 269 ± 49). The remaining 20 patients (29%) without HPR (PRU 133 ± 12) were included in the registry. Overall, platelet reactivity across all the study time points after TAVR was lower in patients randomized to ticagrelor compared with those treated with clopidogrel, including those enrolled in the registry (p < 0.001). The primary endpoint was achieved in 100% of patients with ticagrelor compared with 21% with clopidogrel (p < 0.001). Interestingly, 33% of clopidogrel responder patients at baseline developed HPR status during the first month after TAVR. CONCLUSIONS: HPR to clopidogrel is present in a considerable number of patients with AS undergoing TAVR. Ticagrelor achieves a better and faster effect, providing sustained suppression of HPR to these patients. (Platelet Reactivity After TAVI: A Multicenter Pilot Study [REAC-TAVI]; NCT02224066)

Assessment of Platelet REACtivity After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The REAC-TAVI Trial

OBJECTIVES: The REAC-TAVI (Assessment of platelet REACtivity after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial enrolled patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pre-treated with aspirin + clopidogrel, aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in suppressing high platelet reactivity (HPR) after TAVI. BACKGROUND: Current recommendations support short-term use of aspirin + clopidogrel for patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR despite the lack of compelling evidence. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter investigation. Platelet reactivity was measured at 6 different time points with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, California). HPR was defined as (P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥208. Patients with HPR before TAVR were randomized to either aspirin + ticagrelor or aspirin + clopidogrel for 3 months. Patients without HPR continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (registry cohort). The primary endpoint was non-HPR status (PRU <208) in ≥70% of patients treated with ticagrelor at 90 days post-TAVR. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were included. Of these, 48 (71%) had HPR (PRU 273 ± 09) and were randomized to aspirin + ticagrelor (n = 24, PRU 277 ± 08) or continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (n = 24, PRU 269 ± 49). The remaining 20 patients (29%) without HPR (PRU 133 ± 12) were included in the registry. Overall, platelet reactivity across all the study time points after TAVR was lower in patients randomized to ticagrelor compared with those treated with clopidogrel, including those enrolled in the registry (p < 0.001). The primary endpoint was achieved in 100% of patients with ticagrelor compared with 21% with clopidogrel (p < 0.001). Interestingly, 33% of clopidogrel responder patients at baseline developed HPR status during the first month after TAVR. CONCLUSIONS: HPR to clopidogrel is present in a considerable number of patients with AS undergoing TAVR. Ticagrelor achieves a better and faster effect, providing sustained suppression of HPR to these patients. (Platelet Reactivity After TAVI: A Multicenter Pilot Study [REAC-TAVI]; NCT02224066)

Examples of risk tools for pests in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) developed for five countries using Microsoft Excel

Suppressing pest populations below economically-damaging levels is an important element of sustainable peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Peanut farmers and their advisors often approach pest management with similar goals regardless of where they are located. Anticipating pest outbreaks using field history and monitoring pest populations are fundamental to protecting yield and financial investment. Microsoft Excel was used to develop individual risk indices for pests, a composite assessment of risk, and costs of risk mitigation practices for peanut in Argentina, Ghana, India, Malawi, and North Carolina (NC) in the United States (US). Depending on pests and resources available to manage pests, risk tools vary considerably, especially in the context of other crops that are grown in sequence with peanut, cultivars, and chemical inputs. In Argentina, India, and the US where more tools (e.g., mechanization and pesticides) are available, risk indices for a wide array of economically important pests were developed with the assumption that reducing risk to those pests likely will impact peanut yield in a positive manner. In Ghana and Malawi where fewer management tools are available, risks to yield and aflatoxin contamination are presented without risk indices for individual pests. The Microsoft Excel platform can be updated as new and additional information on effectiveness of management practices becomes apparent. Tools can be developed using this platform that are appropriate for their geography, environment, cropping systems, and pest complexes and management inputs that are available. In this article we present examples for the risk tool for each country.Fil: Jordan, David L.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Buol, Greg S.. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Brandenburg, Rick L.. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Reisig, Dominic. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Nboyine, Jerry. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Savanna Agricultural Research Institute; GhanaFil: Abudulai, Mumuni. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Savanna Agricultural Research Institute; GhanaFil: Oteng Frimpong, Richard. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Savanna Agricultural Research Institute; GhanaFil: Mochiah, Moses Brandford. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Crops Research Institute; GhanaFil: Asibuo, James Y.. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Crops Research Institute; GhanaFil: Arthur, Stephen. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Crops Research Institute; GhanaFil: Akromah, Richard. Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology; GhanaFil: Mhango, Wezi. Lilongwe University Of Agriculture And Natural Resources; MalauiFil: Chintu, Justus. Chitedze Agricultural Research Service, Lilongwe; MalauiFil: Morichetti, Sergio. Aceitera General Deheza; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Monguillot, Joaquín Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Singh Jadon, Kuldeep. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur; IndiaFil: Shew, Barbara B.. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Jasrotia, Poonam. Indian Institute Of Wheat And Barley Research, Karnal; IndiaFil: Thirumalaisamy, P. P.. India Council of Agricultural Research, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources; IndiaFil: Harish, G.. Directorate Of Groundnut Research, Junagadh; IndiaFil: Holajjer, Prasanna. National Bureau Of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi; IndiaFil: Maheshala, Nataraja. Directorate Of Groundnut Research, Junagadh; IndiaFil: MacDonald, Greg. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Hoisington, David. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Rhoads, James. University of Georgia; Estados Unido

Home-Based Respiratory Physiotherapy and Telephone-Based Psychological Support for COVID-19 Survivors in Peru: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Both pulmonary and mental health are affected following hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy has demonstrated benefits in improving mental health, but no validated combined programs that include mental health have been proposed. OBJECTIVE: This article presents the design of a trial that aimed to assess whether the participation in a combined rehabilitation program that includes home-based respiratory physiotherapy and telephone-based psychological support is associated with a greater improvement of pulmonary and mental health outcomes 7-12 weeks after COVID-19 hospitalization discharge compared with posthospital usual care provided by a public Peruvian hospital. METHODS: WAYRA (the word for air in the Quechua language) was an open-label, unblinded, two-arm randomized controlled trial. We recruited 108 participants aged 18-75 years who were discharged from the hospital after COVID-19 pneumonia that required >6 liters/minute of supplemental oxygen during treatment. Participants were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive the combined rehabilitation program or usual posthospital care provided by a public Peruvian hospital. The intervention consisted of 12 at-home respiratory rehabilitation sessions and 6 telephone-based psychological sessions. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk distance. Secondary outcomes included lung function, mental health status (depression, anxiety, and trauma), and quality of life. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (before randomization) and at 7 and 12 weeks after hospital discharge to assess the difference between arms. RESULTS: This study was funded by the Peruvian National Council of Science Technology and Technology Innovation in July 2020. Ethics approval was obtained on September 2, 2020. Recruitment and data collection occurred between October 2020 and June 2021. Results are expected to be published by the end of 2022. CONCLUSIONS: WAYRA was the first randomized controlled trial evaluating combined pulmonary-mental health rehabilitation for hospitalized COVID-19 survivors in resource-limited settings, potentially providing a foundation for the cost-effective scale-up of similar multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04649736; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649736. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/36001