Revisión del género Venustoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1968 de la Península Ibérica (Insecta, Raphidioptera)

To date, this genus was represented by only two species from Europe: Venustoraphidia nigricollis (Albarda, 1891), known from Central and Eastern Europe, and its vicariant Venustoraphidia renate (Aspöck & Aspöck, 1974), known from the Peloponnese. The genus is new to the Iberian Peninsula fauna, where it is represented by a third and new vicariant species of V. nigricollis on the other side of the Mediterranean: Venustoraphidia conviventibus n. sp. We record all the bibliographical references related to Venustoraphidia genus, and known data on the external morphology, genitalia, biology, juvenile stages, phaenology and distribution of the two previously known species. A key for the identification of the aforementioned species, including the new species present in the Iberian Peninsula is provided. Finally, a brief bio-geographical analysis is performed on the distribution of these three species based on paleo-climatic elements and the presumptive bi-directional isolation to the east/west of central European elements, leaving isolated populations in the Peloponnese Peninsula, on the other side of the Corinthian Isthmus, and in the Iberian Peninsula, beyond the Pyrenees.Se revisa el género Venustoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1968 de la Península Ibérica. Hasta la fecha, este género sólo estaba representado por dos especies conocidas de Europa: Venustoraphidia nigricollis (Albarda, 1891) de Europa central y oriental, y su vicariante Venustoraphidia renate (Aspöck & Aspöck, 1974) del Peloponeso. El género es nuevo para la Península Ibérica, donde está representado por una tercera y nueva especie, vicariante de V. nigricollis al otro lado del Mediterráneo: Venustoraphidia conviventibus n. sp. Se anotan todas las referencias bibliográficas del género Venustoraphidia, así como los datos conocidos sobre la morfología externa, genital, biología, estadios juveniles, fenología y distribución de las dos especies de este género anteriormente conocidas. Se incluye una clave de identificación de las especies citadas, incluyendo la nueva especie presente en la fauna de la Península Ibérica. Para concluir se realiza un somero análisis biogeográfico sobre la distribución de estas tres especies en base a datos paleo-climáticos y a un presunto aislamiento bidireccional hacia el este/oeste de elementos centroeuropeos, quedando aisladas poblaciones en la Península del Peloponeso, al otro lado del istmo de Corinto, y en la Península Ibérica, al otro lado de los Pirineos

Revisión del género Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963 con la descripción de dos nuevas especies de la península Ibérica y de Marruecos (Insecta, Raphidioptera)

A taxonomical review of the genus Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963 is made. Up to now this genus included two species: its type species Harraphidia harpyia Steinmann, 1963, known from Morocco, and Harraphidia laufferi (Navás, 1915), known from the Iberian Peninsula. For this last species the subgenus Flavoraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 is reconsidered and two new combinations Harraphidia (Flavoraphidia) laufferi n. comb. and Harraphidia (Harraphidia) harpyia Steinmann, 1963 n. comb. are proposed. Two new species: Harraphidia (Harraphidia) subdesertica Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. and Harraphidia (Harraphidia) divergens Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. are described from Spain and Morocco. All known bibliographical references to these species are reviewed, and a diagnosis and a subgenera –and species– keys are included and new data on their external morphology, genitalia, biology, phaenology and geographical distribution are given. The generally accepted view that this order of insects requires spending a period at temperature below or close to 0ºC during its preimaginal development is amplified to 8ºC as the minimum annual temperature for the pre-imaginal development in some S./S.E. Iberian species. A brief bio-geographical analysis of the distribution of these species is also undertaken, suggesting a possible bidirectional flow of elements between Europe and Africa during the Eocene and the Miocene.Se realiza una revisión taxonómica del género Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963. Hasta la fecha este género incluía dos especies: su especie tipo Harraphidia harpyia Steinmann, 1963, conocida de Marruecos, y Harraphidia laufferi (Navás, 1915), conocida de la Península Ibérica. Para esta última especie se reconsidera la validez del subgénero Flavoraphidia n. stat. H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 como subgénero de Harraphidia y se propone Harraphidia (Flavoraphidia) laufferi n. comb. y Harraphidia (Harraphidia) harpyia Steinmann, 1963 n. comb. como nuevas combinaciones. Harraphidia (Harraphidia) subdesertica Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. y Harraphidia (Harraphidia) divergens Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. se describen como nuevas especies de España y de Marruecos. Se anotan todas las referencias bibliográficas existentes sobre cada una de ellas, se incluye una diagnosis y una clave de identificación de estos subgéneros y especies y se describen nuevos datos sobre su morfología externa, genital, biología, fenología y distribución. Se amplia en este orden de insectos la exigencia, comúnmente aceptada, de que requieren temperaturas inferiores o próximas a 0ºC durante su desarrollo pre-imaginal, confirmándose la presencia de especies en el S./S.E. Ibérico que se desarrollan en medios donde la temperatura anual no desciende de 8ºC. Se realiza un somero análisis biogeográfico sobre la distribución de estas especies en base a presunto flujo bi-direccional de elementos entre Europa y África durante el Eoceno y el Mioceno

Revisión del género Phaeostigma Navás, 1909 de la Península Ibérica (Insecta, Raphidioptera)

The genus Phaeostigma Navás, 1909 in the Iberian Peninsula is revised. At present the genus was only represented in the Iberian Peninsula by the species Phaeostigma (Ph.) notata (Fabricius, 1781), and now the species Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) italogallica (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1976) is recorded for the first time from Spain. All bibliographical references of Phaeostigma s.l., Phaeostigma s. str., Phaeostigma (Ph.) notata and Phaeostigma (Ph.) italogallica are considered, and all known information on their external and genital morphology, biology, phenology, inmature stages and distribution is also noted. An identification key of the two species listed in the Iberian Peninsula is also included, and a brief biogeographical analysis on the distribution of these two species based on an alleged flow of elements from Europe to the Iberian Peninsula through the Pyrenees is suggested.Se revisa el género Phaeostigma Navás, 1909 de la Península Ibérica, lugar donde, hasta la fecha, solo estaba representado por la especie Phaeostigma (Ph.) notata (Fabricius, 1781). Ahora se cita por primera vez la especie Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) italogallica (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1976) en España. Se anotan todas las referencias bibliográficas del género Phaeostigma s.l., de Phaeostigma s.str., de Phaeostigma (Ph.) notata y de Phaeostigma (Ph.) italogallica, así como los datos conocidos sobre su morfología externa, genital, biología, estadios juveniles, fenología y distribución. Se incluye una clave de identificación de las dos especies citadas en la Península Ibérica. Para concluir se realiza un somero análisis biogeográfico sobre la distribución de estas dos especies en base a un presunto flujo unidireccional de elementos desde Europa a la Península Ibérica a través de los Pirineos

Giant depressions on the Chatham Rise offshore New Zealand – Morphology, structure and possible relation to fluid expulsion and bottom currents

Highlights • Large seafloor depressions with diameters of up 10 km across have been mapped on the southern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. • Seismic reflection data show scarce indications for vertical fluid flow but no clear link between fluid flow and depressions. • Methane gas or methane hydrates appear to be absent on the southern Chatham Rise. • Seismic evidence suggests that vertical fluid flow was likely fuelled by polygonal faulting and silica diagenesis • The depressions are the results of erosion and sediment drift deposition of bottom currents associated with the Subtropical Front. Abstract Several giant seafloor depressions were investigated on the Chatham Rise offshore New Zealand using mainly bathymetric and seismic data, supplemented by sediment cores and reported porewater geochemistry data. The depressions have diameters of up to 11 km and occur on the southern flank of the Chatham Rise in water depths between 600 and 900 m, i.e. roughly underneath the location of the strongest thermal gradients of the Subtropical Front (STF) and characterized by eastward flowing currents. With up to 150 m of relief the depressions cut into post-Miocene deposits. Some of the depressions are partially filled with drift deposits that have similar seismic characteristics as the surrounding sediments and consist of alternations of silty muds and silts. Seismic profiles also show completely filled depressions that no longer have a bathymetric expression. Despite several pipe structures indicating vertical fluid flow, neither active fluid seepage nor indications for past fluid seepage are present at the seafloor of the Chatham Rise. Also, both pore water geochemistry and geophysical data do not show indications for an existing or past gas hydrate system in the area. Instead, seismic data suggest widespread polygonal faulting and the presence of silica diagenetic fronts. The release of mineral-bound water during silica diagenesis or fluid expulsion during sediment compaction can explain the presence of vertical fluid flow features but not the giant depressions themselves. Instead, the depressions are interpreted as the result of scouring by strong bottom currents for which fluid venting may have created the nucleation points

Lifetime determination of excited states in Cd-106

Two separate experiments using the Differential Decay Curve Method have been performed to extract mean lifetimes of excited states in 106 Cd. The inedium-spin states of interest were populated by the Mo-98(C-12, 4n) Cd-106 reaction performed at the Wright Nuclear Structure Lab., Yale University. From this experiment, two isomeric state mean lifetimes have been deduced. The low-lying states were populated by the Mo-96(C-13, 3n)Cd-106 reaction performed at the Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat zu Koln. The mean lifetime of the I-pi = 2(1)(+) state was deduced, tentatively, as 16.4(9) ps. This value differs from the previously accepted literature value from Coulomb excitation of 10.43(9) ps

Deep structure of the Ionian Sea and Sicily Dionysus - Cruise No. M111, October 10 - November 1, 2014, Catania (Italy) – Catania (Italy)

Summary The origin of the Ionian Sea lithosphere and the deep structure of its margins remain a little investigated part of the Mediterranean Sea. To shed light on the plate tectonic setting in this central part of southern Europe, R/V METEOR cruise M111 set out to acquire deep penetrating seismic data in the Ionian Sea. M111 formed the core of an amphibious investigation covering the Ionian Sea and island of Sicily. A total of 153 OBS/OBH deployments using French and German instruments were successfully carried out, in addition to 12 land stations installed on Sicily, which recorded the offshore air gun shots. The aim of this onshore-offshore study is to quantify the deep geometry and architecture of the Calabria subduction zone and Ionian Sea lithosphere and to shed light on the nature of the Ionian Sea crust (oceanic crust vs. thinned continental crust). Investigating the structure of the Ionian crust and lithospheric mantle will contribute to unravel the unknown ocean-continent transition and Tethys margin. Analyzing the tectonic activity and active deformation zones is essential for understanding the subduction processes that underlie the neotectonics of the Calabrian subduction zone and earthquake hazard of the Calabria/Sicily region, especially in the vicinity of local decoupling zones

Ionian Abyssal Plain: a window into the Tethys oceanic lithosphere

The nature of the Ionian Sea crust has been the subject of scientific debate for more than 30 years, mainly because seismic imaging of the deep crust and upper mantle of the Ionian Abyssal Plain (IAP) has not been conclusive to date. The IAP is sandwiched between the Calabrian and Hellenic subduction zones in the central Mediterranean. A NNE–SSW-oriented 131&thinsp;km long seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profile, consisting of eight ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones, was acquired in 2014. The profile was designed to univocally confirm the proposed oceanic nature of the IAP crust as a remnant of the Tethys and to confute its interpretation as a strongly thinned part of the African continental crust. A P-wave velocity model developed from travel-time forward modelling is refined by gravimetric data and synthetic modelling of the seismic data. A roughly 6–7&thinsp;km thick crust with velocities ranging from 5.1 to 7.2&thinsp;km&thinsp;s−1, top to bottom, can be traced throughout the IAP. In the vicinity of the Medina seamounts at the southern IAP boundary, the crust thickens to about 9&thinsp;km and seismic velocities decrease to 6.8&thinsp;km&thinsp;s−1 at the crust–mantle boundary. The seismic velocity distribution and depth of the crust–mantle boundary in the IAP document its oceanic nature and support the interpretation of the IAP as a remnant of the Tethys lithosphere with the Malta Escarpment as a transform margin and a Tethys opening in the NNW–SSE direction.</p

Continental hyperextension, mantle exhumation, and thin oceanic crust at the continent-ocean transition, West Iberia: New insights from wide-angle seismic

Hyperextension of continental crust at the Deep Galicia rifted margin in the North Atlantic has been accommodated by the rotation of continental fault blocks, which are underlain by the S reflector, an interpreted detachment fault, along which exhumed and serpentinized mantle peridotite is observed. West of these features, the enigmatic Peridotite Ridge has been inferred to delimit the western extent of the continent‐ocean transition. An outstanding question at this margin is where oceanic crust begins, with little existing data to constrain this boundary and a lack of clear seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies. Here we present results from a 160 km long wide‐angle seismic profile (Western Extension 1). Travel time tomography models of the crustal compressional velocity structure reveal highly thinned and rotated crustal blocks separated from the underlying mantle by the S reflector. The S reflector correlates with the 6.0–7.0 km s−1 velocity contours, corresponding to peridotite serpentinization of 60–30%, respectively. West of the Peridotite Ridge, shallow and sparse Moho reflections indicate the earliest formation of an anomalously thin oceanic crustal layer, which increases in thickness from ~0.5 km at ~20 km west of the Peridotite Ridge to ~1.5 km, 35 km further west. P wave velocities increase smoothly and rapidly below top basement, to a depth of 2.8–3.5 km, with an average velocity gradient of 1.0 s−1. Below this, velocities slowly increase toward typical mantle velocities. Such a downward increase into mantle velocities is interpreted as decreasing serpentinization of mantle rock with depth

Seismogenic faults, landslides, and associated tsunamis off southern Italy - Cruise No. M86/2, December 27, 2011 - January 17, 2012, Cartagena (Spain) - Brindisi (Italy)

Summary The continental margins of southern Italy are located along converging plate boundaries, which are affected by intense seismicity and volcanic activity. Most of the coastal areas experienced severe earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis in historical and/or modern times. The most prominent example is the Messina earthquake of Dec. 28, 1908 (Ms=7.3; 80,000 casualties), which was characterized by the worst tsunami Italy experienced in the historical time (~2000 casualties). It is, however, still unclear, whether this tsunami was triggered by a sudden vertical movement along a major fault during the earthquake or as a result of a giant marine slide initiated by the earthquake. The recurrence rates of major landslides and therefore the risk associated with landslides is also unknown. Based on detailed bathymetric data sets collected by Italian colleagues in the frame of the MaGIC Project (Marine Geohazards along the Italian Coast), we collected seismic data (2D and 3D) and gravity cores in three working areas (The Messina Straits, off Eastern Sicily, the Gioia Basin). A dense grid of new 2D-seismic data in the Messina Straits will allow to map fault patterns in great detail. One interesting outcome in this context is the identification of a set of normal faults striking in an EW-direction, which is almost perpendicular to the previously postulated faults. This EW-striking faults seem to be active. The area off eastern Sicily is characterized by numerous landslides and a complex deformation pattern. A 3D-seismic data set has been collected during the cruise using the so called P-cable in order to investigate these deformation patterns in detail. The new data will be the basis for a risk assessment in the working areas