Дослідження стану фармацевтичного забезпечення онкологічних хворих в Україні

The article presents the results of analysis of the pharmaceutical supply of patients according to the state target programme “Oncology”. For the first time the comparative analysis of the dynamics of drug procurement in current and constant prices, as well as the amounts of purchased products per one cancer patient has been carried out. It has been determined that during the period of 2009-2013 a complex dynamics of changes in the amount of the drugs purchased was observed; it did not correspond to the nature of changes in the prevalence of malignant tumors in Ukraine. During 2009-2013 there was increase in the amount of tender procurement against reduction in the total amount of drugs purchased by the international non-proprietary and trade names of drugs. On average, the state spent 219,00 UAH or 27,59 US dollars per one cancer patient. These indicators do not meet the needs of patients with cancer pathology in the available drugs that are recommended by clinical protocols for conducting courses of chemotherapy. Due to an unstable currency at the foreign exchange market and the low solvency of the population the abovementioned facts have a negative socioeconomic importance and require immediate action. A characteristic feature of the tender procurement is a significant dominance in the range of drugs imported (70.7-84.1%). As a result of the research and systematization of literature data the basic measures to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical supply of cancer patients in Ukraine have been developed. The author has made the conclusion about the need of introduction of the cost reimbursement mechanism of drug consumption into practical healthcare in the conditions of decrease of the regulatory impact on pricing at the domestic pharmaceutical market.Представлены результаты анализа состояния фармацевтического обеспечения больных по государственной целевой программе «Онкология». Впервые был проведен сравнительный анализ динамики закупок лекарственных препаратов в действующих и сопоставимых ценах, а также сумм закупленных препаратов, приходящихся на одного онкологического больного. Установлено, что в течение 2009-2013 гг. наблюдалась сложная динамика сумм закупленных лекарственных препаратов, которая не отвечала характеру изменений показателей распространенности злокачественных новообразований в Украине. В течение 2009-2013 гг. имело место увеличение сумм тендерных закупок лекарств на фоне снижения общего количества закупленных по международным непатентованным и торговым наименованиям препаратов. В среднем на фармацевтическое обеспечение одного онкологического больного государством было затрачено средств на сумму 219,00 грн или 27,59 дол. США в год. Указанные показатели не отвечают потребности больных онкологическими патологиями в доступных лекарственных препаратах, которые рекомендованы клиническими протоколами для проведения курсов химиотерапии. Характерной особенностью тендерных закупок является существенное доминирование в ассортименте препаратов импортного производства (70,7-84,1%). В условиях нестабильной ситуации на валютном рынке и низкой платежеспособности большей части населения указанное имеет негативное социально-экономическое значение и требует немедленного решения. В результате исследований и систематизации данных специальной литературы разработаны основные мероприятия по повышению эффективности фармацевтического обеспечения онкологических больных в Украине. Автором обоснован вывод о необходимости введения в практическое здравоохранение механизма реимбурсации стоимости потребления лекарственных препаратов в условиях снижения регуляторного влияния на ценовую политику на отечественном фармацевтическом рынке.Представлені результати аналізу стану фармацевтичного забезпечення хворих на злоякісні новоутворення за державною цільовою програмою «Онкологія». Вперше було проведено порівняльний аналіз динаміки закупівель лікарських препаратів у діючих та співставних цінах, а також сум придбаних препаратів, які припадають на одного онкологічного хворого. Встановлено, що протягом 2009-2013 рр. спостерігалась складна динаміка сум закупівель лікарських препаратів, яка не відповідала характеру змін показників поширеності злоякісних новоутворень в Україні. Впродовж 2009-2013 рр. спостерігалося збільшення тендерних закупівель ліків у вартісних показниках на фоні зниження загальної кількості придбаних за міжнародною непатентованою назвою та торговими найменуваннями препаратів. У середньому за досліджуваний період на фармацевтичне забезпечення одного онкологічного хворого державою було витрачено коштів на суму 219,00 грн або 27,59 дол. США на рік. Зазначені показники не відповідають потребі хворих на онкологічні патології в доступних лікарських препаратах, рекомендованих клінічними протоколами для проведення курсів хіміотерапії. Характерною рисою тендерних закупівель є значне домінування в структурі асортименту препаратів імпортного виробництва (70,7-84,1%). За умов нестабільної ситуації на валютному ринку країни та низької платоспроможності більшості населення зазначене має негативне соціально-економічне значення та потребує негайного вирішення. За результатами проведених досліджень та систематизації даних спеціальної літератури розроблені заходи з підвищення ефективності фармацевтичного забезпечення онкологічних хворих в Україні. Автором обґрунтований висновок про необхідність впровадження у практичну охорону здоров’я механізму реімбурсації вартості споживання лікарських препаратів за умов зниження регуляторного впливу на цінову політику на вітчизняному фармацевтичному ринку

Socio-economic and Nationally Political Reforms in the Austrian Empire on the Fracture of ХVІІІ–ХІХ of Item and their Influence on the Origin of Structures of Ukrainian Civil Society

У статті висвітлено наслідки реформаторської діяльності австрійських цісарів Марії-Терези та Йосифа ІІ, зокрема скасування панщини та звільнення селян від поміщицької сваволі, створення власних селянських господарств. Розглянуто питання еволюції свідомості селян і зростання їх соціальної зрілості та громадської активності, показано їхню участь у створенні і діяльності громадських шпихлірів та шпихлірового фонду – предтеч структур громадянського суспільства у Східній Галичині, висвітлено погляди Івана Франка та Костя Левицького на роль цих громадських структур у соціально-економічних процесах Східної Галичини на зламі ХVІІІ–ХІХ ст.Article dedicated to reforms of Austrian emperors Maria Theresa and Joseph II; abolition of serfdom and foundation private farms; evolution of peasants thinking, growth of their social maturity and civic activity; participation in foundation and functioning of civic storage points as forerunners of civic society structures in Eastern Halychyna at the turn of ХVІІІ−ХІХ centuries; views of Ivan Franko and Kost’ Levytskyy on these processes

Synthesis and Study of PNIPAM Nanogels Incorporated with Colloidal Silver

Composite nanoparticles consisting of polymer gels with incorporated silver nanoparticles have been synthesized. The synthesis comprises two main stages. Initially, monodisperse hydrogel particles with a controlled diameter of approximately 500 nm are obtained by N-isopropylacrylamide polymerization. Then, silver ions are reduced on the surface of the polymer network. Variations in the concentration ratio between reductants and silver nitrate make it possible to produce silver nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 10-30 nm and different packing densities on the gel particle surface. The resultant nanocomposites have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, and dynamic light scattering. Depending on the size and packing density of the silver nanoparticles on the polymer particle surface, the plasmon resonance of the nanocomposites varies in a range of 420-750 nm, which determines variations in the color of the colloid from yellow, orange, and red to blue and blue-green. After the inclusion of silver nanoparticles, nanogels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) retain their capability for thermosensitive phase transition with a lower critical mixing temperature of 31 °C. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3509

ANALYSIS OF THE CREATION OF A MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE IN A RETROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONS

The effectiveness of the system of pharmaceutical supply to the population depends on the proper interaction of the state and market mechanisms for regulating the interests of all subjects of the pharmaceutical market for the implementation of the social policy of the state regarding the availability of quality and effective medicines for the population. In the context of healthcare reform, the issues of assessing the main stages of the development of the pharmaceutical supply system of the population become especially relevant. Aim. Determination of key, from organizational, economic and social points of view, stages of formation of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population, analysis of the main tendencies of its development in retrospect years. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were selected by the regulatory acts, the data of the specialized literature, certain aspects of activity of subjects of the pharmaceutical market, etc. Methods such as historical, informational-analytical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, hypothetical-deductive and generalization were used. Results. Based on the conducted research, five stages of the formation of the pharmaceutical supply system have been identified and outlined, which differ fundamentally across the range of criteria for analyzing effectiveness in building relationships between the state, civil society and the professional community. These stages were elaborated in accordance with the results of the analysis of the nature of relations between the authorities and society under the conditions of gradual transition from paternalistic to the elements of the patient-oriented model of medical and pharmaceutical services to the population: 1) 1990–1993; 2) 1994–2000; 3) 2001–2007; 4) 2008–2013; 5) from 2014 to the present. It has been proved that the stages of development of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system depend to a large extent on the nature of the influence of external environmental factors: changes of political elites in the country, global and internal financial crises, changes of priorities of the state development, breaking of social consciousness of the population against the background of political crisis, etc. It should be noted that the most important in terms of positive, first of all socio-economic, development characteristics is the fourth stage of formation (2008-2013) of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population. The last period (since 2014) is characterized by the existence of a crisis of relations between all subjects in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population against the background of systemic transformations in the state, strengthening of the role of public professional associations and critical raising of public expectations from the state regarding the organization of providing affordable medical care to the population. and pharmaceutical assistance in the face of mass impoverishment. Conclusion. The basic stages of the formation of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system are defined and their characteristics are envisaged, which allow to form in the future fundamentally new approaches to building rational, economically speaking, and simultaneously socially responsible relations between different subjects in the pharmaceutical market

ANALYSIS OF THE CREATION OF A MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE IN A RETROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONS

The effectiveness of the system of pharmaceutical supply to the population depends on the proper interaction of the state and market mechanisms for regulating the interests of all subjects of the pharmaceutical market for the implementation of the social policy of the state regarding the availability of quality and effective medicines for the population. In the context of healthcare reform, the issues of assessing the main stages of the development of the pharmaceutical supply system of the population become especially relevant.Aim. Determination of key, from organizational, economic and social points of view, stages of formation of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population, analysis of the main tendencies of its development in retrospect years.Materials and methods. The materials of the research were selected by the regulatory acts, the data of the specialized literature, certain aspects of activity of subjects of the pharmaceutical market, etc. Methods such as historical, informational-analytical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, hypothetical-deductive and generalization were used.Results. Based on the conducted research, five stages of the formation of the pharmaceutical supply system have been identified and outlined, which differ fundamentally across the range of criteria for analyzing effectiveness in building relationships between the state, civil society and the professional community. These stages were elaborated in accordance with the results of the analysis of the nature of relations between the authorities and society under the conditions of gradual transition from paternalistic to the elements of the patient-oriented model of medical and pharmaceutical services to the population: 1) 1990–1993; 2) 1994–2000; 3) 2001–2007; 4) 2008–2013; 5) from 2014 to the present. It has been proved that the stages of development of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system depend to a large extent on the nature of the influence of external environmental factors: changes of political elites in the country, global and internal financial crises, changes of priorities of the state development, breaking of social consciousness of the population against the background of political crisis, etc. It should be noted that the most important in terms of positive, first of all socio-economic, development characteristics is the fourth stage of formation (2008-2013) of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population. The last period (since 2014) is characterized by the existence of a crisis of relations between all subjects in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population against the background of systemic transformations in the state, strengthening of the role of public professional associations and critical raising of public expectations from the state regarding the organization of providing affordable medical care to the population. and pharmaceutical assistance in the face of mass impoverishment.Conclusion. The basic stages of the formation of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system are defined and their characteristics are envisaged, which allow to form in the future fundamentally new approaches to building rational, economically speaking, and simultaneously socially responsible relations between different subjects in the pharmaceutical market

Influence of fertilizing with modern complex organic-mineral fertilizers to grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the southern steppe of Ukraine

Saabunud / Received 13.09.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 22.12.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 31.12.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Antonina Panfilova [email protected] article presents the results of using different varieties, variants of nutrition and their impact on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Experimental studies were conducted during 2011–2016 on the experimental field of the Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine. The technology of growing winter wheat in the experiment, except the studied factors, was generally accepted to the existing zonal recommendations for the southern steppe of Ukraine. The predecessor was peas (Pisum sativum L.) It was determined that the higher grain yield and slightly better quality indicators differed grain of the studied winter wheat varieties with the joint use of pre-sowing application of N30P30 and foliar fertilizing of winter wheat crops twice during the vegetation season by Escort-bio. Thus, for this variant of nutrition, the crude gluten content of winter wheat grain was 24.2 up to 25.1%, the protein content was 12.9 up to 13.2%, and the conditional protein yield of from 1 ha of sowing area was 0.58–0.66 t depending on the studied variety. At the same time, on average, according to the nutrition factor, plants of the 'Zamozhnist' variety in comparison with the 'Kolchuga' variety formed more by 9.3% of the grain, which had the best quality indicators