Modelos de formación profesional y su actuación en el territorio. Estudio realizado en diferentes localizaciones del Ecuador

El trabajo que ahora se presenta tratará de esclarecer qué aportes pueden existir desde la educación técnica y para el trabajo, a los procesos de desarrollo local. Los centros de formación profesional (en adelante FP), con determinados parámetros de trabajo, son lugares donde generar diagnóstico y de este modo ser centros de observación para la promoción del desarrollo, ya que cuentan con un papel de mediación entre las empresas y los potenciales trabajadores y trabajadoras que se insertarán en las mismas en primera instancia, y en segunda porque el alumnado tendrá también acceso a la inserción en el tejido productivo, a través del emprendimiento, fundamentalmente en forma de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES), fomentando alternativas de economía real y democracia económica (Schweickart, 1993).Col·lecció monografies & aproximacion

La formación profesional y su incidencia en el desarrollo local

La Formación Profesional en sus diferentes vertientes (formales, no formales e informales) ha tenido un papel importante en el desarrollo territorial , pero no solo desde los aspectos formativos de capacidades técnicas para la empleabilidad del individuo; como recurso educativo, puede también tener un papel de construcción social ya que puede incidir en la reflexión de modelos de sociedad de consumo, la participación o el medio ambiente. Estos ámbitos también son aspectos fundamentales también en el aparato productivo nacional y local, por lo cual, merecen ser tenidos en cuenta. Los centros de Formación Profesional tienen un potencial que los diferencia de otros actores del escenario local para el desarrollo, ya que estos pueden ser parte del componente endógeno y además pueden establecer conexiones entre el cuerpo productivo, el plan de desarrollo político y el propio contexto. En este sentido pueden dinamizar escenarios de desarrollo con características sinérgicas de interés , . Se propone por tanto, el estudio de los mecanismos de desarrollo local mediante la observación del territorio, asimismo se plantea el análisis de la influencia de los centros formativos técnicos de dicho territorio. Para ello será importante detectar la incidencia del centro educativo en los ámbitos sociales y territoriales. Estos insumos, además de ser útiles para centros de educación técnica con vocación territorial, podrán servir para entidades de valoración del desarrollo, y de ese modo ofrecer pautas para propiciar dicho desarrollo desde un punto de vista económico, pero también desde un punto de vista educativo y social.Vocational Education and Training in its different kinds (formal, non-formal and informal) has played an important role in territorial development. This has been so not only as a provider of technical skills required to improve one’s employability, but it can also act as an educational driver in order to foster social construction, by way of promoting reflection upon the capitalist organization of societal relations, addressing issues like consumerism, civic participation and environmental concerns. All of these are crucial dimensions in local and national production systems, therefore they are worth considering as a possible effect of Vocational Education and Training. Vocational Education and Training Centers show a potential for development different to that of other actors in local scenarios. They are both part of the endogenous elements of development as well as they are able to establish connections between the productive system, developmental plans devised by political powers as well as the context itself6. In such a way, Vocational Education and Training Centers can mobilize developmental scenarios with relevant synergic features. Therefore we intend to study the key elements in local development through on-site observation with the aim to understand and analyze the influence of Vocational Education and Training Centers upon the territory in which they are located. Hence it is important to detect the incidence of Vocational Education and Training Schools upon social and territorial arenas. These inputs will be useful both for Vocational Education and Training Schools with a will to have an impact upon the territory as well as for those institutions fostering development, for which we expect to be able to provide some milestones to foster both in economic as well as in educational and social terms

Učinak nizina, karvakrola i njihovih kombinacija na sprečavanje rasta stanica bakterije Listeria monocytogenes nakon toplinske obrade

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive microorganism responsible for one of the most serious food-borne diseases in the world, listeriosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the combined effect of a heat pretreatment with the use of antimicrobials, nisin and carvacrol, on the growth of L. monocytogenes, and their potential uses as food preservatives. Carvacrol showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, while nisin did not, it decreased the growth rate of L. monocytogenes up to 20 %, and it increased lag time for approx. 25 % at any of the concentrations tested (0.13–0.39 μM). When both antimicrobials were combined, a synergistic effect was observed. This effect was further increased when they were combined with a heat pretreatment for 15 min at 55 °C, where no growth was observed for at least 15 days, even at the lowest concentration tested. The effect was proved both in tryptic soy broth and in carrot juice. This study indicates the potential use of carvacrol and nisin applied simultaneously for preservation of minimally processed foods.Listeria monocytogenes je Gram-pozitivni mikroorganizam koji uzrokuje listeriozu, jednu od najopasnijih bolesti što se prenosi hranom. Svrha je ovoga rada bila procijeniti kombinirani učinak prethodne toplinske obrade i primjene antimikrobnih spojeva, nizina i karvakrola, na rast bakterije Listeria monocytogenes. Učinak je karvakrola ovisio o dozi, dok je nizin smanjio rast bakterije L. monocytogenes do 20 % i produljio lag fazu za 25 % pri svim koncentracijama (od 0,13 do 0,39 μM). Primjenom oba antimikrobna spoja postignut je sinergistički učinak. Učinak je još više pojačan prethodnom toplinskom obradom na 55 °C tijekom 5 minuta, nakon čega nije zamijećen rast bakterija ni nakon 15 dana, čak ni u uzorcima s najmanjom koncentracijom nizina. Učinak je potvrđen u TSB bujonu i soku mrkve. Ovo je ispitivanje potvrdilo da se nizin i karvakrol mogu zajedno koristiti u konzerviranju minimalno prerađene hrane

Construcción del currículo técnico-profesional desde la educación popular y sus componentes sociales en Ecuador.

La Formación Profesional suele diseñarse desde un planteamiento meramente instrumental y únicamente orientada hacia la enseñanza de algún oficio o técnica productiva, pero pocas veces nos encontramos con experiencias donde se procura la educación integral como base para el desarrollo de la persona en combinación con la adquisición de conocimientos técnicos.  En este sentido, el presente artículo pretende situar el contexto de la formación profesional y sus principales tendencias para luego, hacer una propuesta de construcción del currículo técnico desde la educación popular y sus componentes sociales de mirada centrada en el/la estudiante con un trasfondo de cambio estructural. La experiencia se pudo poner en práctica para la elaboración de la mención técnica del Bachillerato Intensivo en el Ecuador. Oferta Educativa programada desde Fe y Alegría Ecuador en alianza con el Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador para la atención de personas adultas con escolaridad inconclusa

THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING CENTERS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

Este artículo presenta una propuesta educativa de índole técnico pero con bases enraizadas en la educación popular (Freire, 1970). La misma pretende dar luces de cómo la educación profesional podría tener una vinculación para el desarrollo local del territorio. El desarrollo local tiene sus máximos exponentes en los ámbitos de la recuperación de las fuentes endógenas y en la articulación del tejido asociativo (Herrera, 2009), con el consecuente beneficio de la potenciación de instrumentos participativos que mejoren los intercambios democráticos del territorio. Los centros educativos pueden tener una visión privilegiada del territorio, ya que confluyen en el mismo algunos elementos, actores y actrices clave, y si además, el centro tiene el cometido formativo de trabajar por el desarrollo desde la articulación de los elementos productivos, tenemos un recurso de excelentes características para el desarrollo local. La propuesta es por tanto, la vinculación de los centros para la educación y el trabajo con una perspectiva de desarrollo local, especialmente en ámbitos con comunidades con baja estructuración social, es decir, altos índices de desempleo, desescolarización, dificultades económicas, etc. Estos escenarios son muy habituales en periferias urbanas tanto de Europa como de América, pero también podemos encontrar dichos ámbitos, en determinadas comunidades rurales latinoamericanas, aunque con características diferenciadas. La actuación por la promoción local, en estos casos, tendrá una responsabilidad especial, ya que el trabajo por la escolaridad inconclusa y la inclusión educativa, trabajarán, sin género de dudas, por el desarrollo comunitario (Torrent, 2012). This paper presents an educational proposal of a technical nature but with bases rooted in popular education (Freire, 1970). It aims to provide lights on how vocational education, could have a link to the local development of the territory. Local development has its maximum exponents in the fields of the recovery of the endogenous sources and in the articulation of the associative network (Herrera, 2009), with the consequent benefit of enhancing participatory instruments that improve the democratic exchanges of territory. The educative centers may have a privileged territory view, converge in the same few elements, actors and actresses key, also if the Centre has the role of formative work development from the articulation of the productive elements, we have a resource of excellent characteristics for local development. The proposal is therefore, the linkage of the Centers for education and work with a perspective of local development, especially in areas with low social structuring communities, i.e., high rates of unemployment, schooling, economic difficulties, etc. These scenarios are very common in urban peripheries both in Europe and in America, but these fields, can also be found in certain rural communities, Latin American, although with different characteristics. The incidence in the local promotion, in these cases, will have a special responsibility, since the work by the unfinished schooling and educational inclusion, without doubt, work for community development (Torrent, 2012).This paper presents an educational proposal of a technical nature but with bases rooted in popular education (Freire, 1970). It aims to provide lights on how vocational education, could have a link to the local development of the territory. Local development has its maximum exponents in the fields of the recovery of the endogenous sources and in the articulation of the associative network (Herrera, 2009), with the consequent benefit of enhancing participatory instruments that improve the democratic exchanges of territory. The educative centers may have a privileged territory view, converge in the same few elements, actors and actresses key, also if the Centre has the role of formative work development from the articulation of the productive elements, we have a resource of excellent characteristics for local development. The proposal is therefore, the linkage of the Centers for education and work with a perspective of local development, especially in areas with low social structuring communities, i.e., high rates of unemployment, schooling, economic difficulties, etc. These scenarios are very common in urban peripheries both in Europe and in America, but these fields, can also be found in certain rural communities, Latin American, although with different characteristics. The incidence in the local promotion, in these cases, will have a special responsibility, since the work by the unfinished schooling and educational inclusion, without doubt, work for community development (Torrent, 2012)

The Vocational Education and Training Centers: an alternative to local development

Este artículo presenta una propuesta educativa de índole técnico pero con bases enraizadas en la educación popular (Freire, 1970). La misma pretende dar luces de cómo la educación profesional podría tener una vinculación para el desarrollo local del territorio. El desarrollo local tiene sus máximos exponentes en los ámbitos de la recuperación de las fuentes endógenas y en la articulación del tejido asociativo (Herrera, 2009), con el consecuente beneficio de la potenciación de instrumentos participativos que mejoren los intercambios democráticos del territorio. Los centros educativos pueden tener una visión privilegiada del territorio, ya que confluyen en el mismo algunos elementos, actores y actoras clave, y si además, el centro tiene el cometido formativo de trabajar por el desarrollo desde la articulación de los elementos productivos, tenemos un recurso de excelentes características para el desarrollo local. La propuesta es por tanto, la vinculación de los centros para la educación y el trabajo con una perspectiva de desarrollo local, especialmente en ámbitos con comunidades con baja estructuración social, es decir, altos índices de desempleo, desescolarización, dificultades económicas, etc. Estos escenarios son muy habituales en periferias urbanas tanto de Europa como de América, pero también podemos encontrar dichos ámbitos, en determinadas comunidades rurales latinoamericanas, aunque con características diferenciadas. La actuación por la promoción local, en estos casos, tendrá una responsabilidad especial, ya que el trabajo por la escolaridad inconclusa y la inclusión educativa, trabajarán, sin género de dudas, por el desarrollo comunitario (Torrent, 2012).This paper presents an educational proposal of a technical nature but with bases rooted in popular education (Freire, 1970). It aims to provide lights on how vocational education, could have a link to the local development of the territory. Local development has its maximum exponents in the fields of the recovery of the endogenous sources and in the articulation of the associative network (Herrera, 2009), with the consequent benefit of enhancing participatory instruments that improve the democratic exchanges of territory. The educative centers may have a privileged territory view, converge in the same few elements, actors and actresses key, also if the Centre has the role of formative work development from the articulation of the productive elements, we have a resource of excellent characteristics for local development. The proposal is therefore, the linkage of the Centers for education and work with a perspective of local development, especially in areas with low social structuring communities, i.e., high rates of unemployment, schooling, economic difficulties, etc. These scenarios are very common in urban peripheries both in Europe and in America, but these fields, can also be found in certain rural communities, Latin American, although with different characteristics. The incidence in the local promotion, in these cases, will have a special responsibility, since the work by the unfinished schooling and educational inclusion, without doubt, work for community development (Torrent, 2012)

Determination of genes involved in heat resistance response of Cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter sakazakii is considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen causing meningitis, septicaemia and enterocilitis in neonates, related to the use of contaminated Powdered Infant Formula (PIF). C. sakazakii has an unusual surviving ability under dry conditions and has been suggested to be one of the most thermotolerant members of the Enterobacteriaceae. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal resistance of C. sakazakii and may ultimately be useful in the development of control strategies in PIF factories. In the current study, a transposon mutagenesis approach was used to identify the genes involved in heat resistance. A total of 23 mutants were found corresponding to 12 different defective genes. Heat resistance of selected mutants were determined with the use of the thermoresistometer Mastia. Only 2 mutants had a greater sensitivity to heat compared with the heat resistance of the wild type. Genes identified to be involved in the cellular response to thermal treatments were Ribosome maturation protein RimP and Outer membrane Porin L (OmpL). The results suggest that the novo protein synthesis, and the use of cysteine for the formation of disulfide bonds for stabilization of proteins against denaturation during thermal treatments are key processes in the resistance against heat stress.The financial support of this research was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Spanish Government and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through Project AGL‐ 2010‐19775. J.P Huertas is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for his fellowship (BES‐2011‐046580). We acknowledge the funding received by Food for Health, Ireland under the grant number CC20080001 by Enterprise Ireland

Revisão das propriedades mágicas da formação no workshop, por Liv Mjelde (2002), em termos de formação profissional e trabalho na América Latina

This review aims to approach the validity of the concepts of vocational training and work presented by Liv Mjelde in The magical properties of training in the workshop (2002) in the Latin American context. Especially because the book abounds in contextualizations, we will also try to compare the visions of professional training in Latin environments. The methodology used is based on the exchange of experiences among different research on educational issues, with the dimension of socio-labor insertion, and with a proven track record in gender issues.La presente revisión pretende hacer un acercamiento a la validez de los conceptos de formación profesional y trabajo que presenta Liv Mjelde en Las propiedades mágicas de la formación en el taller (2002) en el ámbito latinoamericano. Especialmente porque el libro abunda en contextualizaciones, también se intentará comparar las visiones de la formación profesional en los entornos latinos. La metodología utilizada se basa en el intercambio de experiencias entre diferentes investigaciones de temas educativos, con la dimensión de inserción sociolaboral, y con un contrastado recorrido en temas de género.Esta revisão visa abordar a validade dos conceitos de formação profissional e trabalho apresentados por Liv Mjelde em As propriedades mágicas do treinamento na oficina (2002) no contexto latino-americano. Especialmente porque o livro é rico em contextualizações, também tentaremos comparar as visões da formação profissional em ambientes latinos. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na troca de experiências entre diferentes pesquisas sobre questões educacionais, com a dimensão da inserção sócio-trabalhista e com um histórico comprovado em questões de gênero

Comparison of primary models to predict microbial growth by the plate count and absorbance methods

The selection of a primary model to describe microbial growth in predictive food microbiology often appears to be subjective. The objective of this research was to check the performance of different mathematical models in predicting growth parameters, both by absorbance and plate count methods. For this purpose, growth curves of three different microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli) grown under the same conditions, but with different initial concentrations each, were analysed. When measuring the microbial growth of each microorganism by optical density, almost all models provided quite high goodness of fit (r(2) > 0.93) for all growth curves. The growth rate remained approximately constant for all growth curves of each microorganism, when considering one growth model, but differences were found among models. Three-phase linear model provided the lowest variation for growth rate values for all three microorganisms. Baranyimodel gave a variation marginally higher, despite a much better overall fitting. When measuring the microbial growth by plate count, similar results were obtained. These results provide insight into predictive microbiology and will help food microbiologists and researchers to choose the proper primary growth predictive model.This research was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) through Projects AGL2010-19775 and AGL2013-48993-C2-1-R.Pla-Ferrando, L.; Oltra Crespo, S.; Esteban, M.; Andreu, S.; Palop, A. (2015). Comparison of primary models to predict microbial growth by the plate count and absorbance methods. BioMed Research International. 2015:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/365025S114201

Medical versus surgical approach to initial treatment in septic arthritis: A single spanish center’s 8-year experience

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the functional results of 2 different procedure types, medical or surgical used in treating native joint septic arthritis. Methods In this cohort study, we reviewed the clinical registries of patients admitted to a single third-level hospital with the diagnosis of septic arthritis during the period of January 1, 2008, to January 31, 2016. Results A total of 63 cases of septic arthritis were identified in which the initial approach for 49 patients was medical (arthrocentesis), whereas the initial approach for 14 patients was surgical (arthroscopy or arthrotomy). Of the 49 patients who received initial medical treatment (IMT), 15 patients (30%) later required surgical treatment because of poor progress. The median age of the patients was 60 (SD, 18) years. The group who received IMT were older than those who received initial surgical treatment (median, 64 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 54–76 years], vs. 48 years [IQR, 30–60 years]). There was a larger percentage of male patients in the surgical group (78% vs. 42% [p = 0.018]). Thirty percent of the medical group had been receiving corticosteroid treatment (p = 0.018). Results of complete recovery of joint functionality showed no significant differences after 1 year (68% with MT vs. 67% with ST, p = 0.91). Both groups had similar symptom duration until diagnosis, duration of antibiotic therapy (median, 30 days [IQR, 28–49 days], vs. 29.5 days [IQR, 27–49] days), and mortality rate (3 in the medical group). Conclusions The results of the study show that initial surgical treatment in patients with native joint septic arthritis is not superior to IMT. However, half of the patients with shoulder and hip infections treated with IMT eventually required surgical intervention, suggesting that perhaps this should be the preferred initial approach in these cases