Análisis antracológico de los yacimientos de Gasoru y Su Putzu

Se han analizado nueve muestras remitidas por la Dra. Ruiz-Gálvez, correspondientes a dos sitios sardos de la Edad del Bronce sondeados en Otoño de 2000. Las muestras proceden respectivamente de la cabaña adjunta al nuraghe Gasoru (Orroli) y de la cabaña 4 del villaggio de Su Putzu (Orroli). La primera corresponde a muestras de vigas carbonizadas procedentes del derrumbe de la techumbre y paredes de una cabaña de la transición bronce Reciente/Bronce Final. Las muestras, en número de cuatro, se recogieron en las unidades estratigráficas 4 y 7 de la misma, que corresponden a dicho derrumbe. Se ha conservado la sigla que la muestra había recibido en el sondeo. El segundo corresponde a cinco muestras de madera asimismo correspondientes a las infraestructura de una cabaña del Bronce Final

Antracología y métodos: implicaciones en la economía prehistórica, etnoarqueología y paleoecología

This paper concerns Anthracology (Charcoal analysis) from archaeological deposits. The methodology of study is discussed in detail. From sampling of charcoals in the site until their interpretation at the laboratory, this discipline has many implications in different areas both of the Earth Sciences and the Historical Sciences (Palaeoecology, Palaeoeconomy, Palaeoethnology).Se define la Antracología aplicada a la Arqueología exponiendo detalladamente todas las etapas que constituyen su metodología de estudio. Desde la recogida de carbones en el yacimiento hasta la interpretación de los resultados en el laboratorio, esta disciplina ha revelado las múltiples implicaciones en áreas diversas de las Ciencias de la Tierra (Paleoecología) y de las Ciencias Históricas (Economía y Etnología prehistóricas)

Paleoecología y gestión del combustible en la ocupación del Auriñaciense arcaico de la cueva de El Castillo (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria)

El análisis antracológico correspondiente al nivel 18 (Auriñaciense arcaico) de la cueva del Castillo (Cantabria, Norte de España), ha puesto en evidencia una flora compuesta por Betu\a, P'mus t. sylvestris y Sorbus aria. Las dataciones "C en espectrometría de masa por acelerador obtenidas sobre carbón, sitúan este nivel en el Pleniglaciar medio (37-40Ka.). Las estimaciones paleoambientales obtenidas a través de los estudios de los glaciares de las montañas cantábricas y del Pirineo occidental, nos han permitido correlacionar la Antracología y el Glaciarismo. El paisaje vegetal alrededor del habitat prehistórico estaría compuesto esencialmente por especies pioneras que tian coionizado unos sueios Ubres de hieios pero sometidos a condiciones periglaciares debido a que este iiabitat estaba próximo de ia cota aititudinal aicanzada por ios giaciares de montaña. Estos serian responsabies en parte dei desfase aititudinai y zonai de ia vegetación si io comparamos con ias condiciones actuaies. Los trayectos diarios recorridos por ios grupos liumanos a ia búsqueda de recursos económicos diversos, entre ellos la leña para encender fuego, se verían infiuídos en gran parte por estos condicionantes ambientaies.Charcoal analysis from archaeological levéis oí El Castillo (Cantabria, Northern Spain), have yielded Betula; Pinus t. sylvestris and Sorbus aria. The AMS C obtained on the same samples place these levéis on the Middie Pleniglacial (37-40Ka.). Palaeoenvironmental results obtained in glacial deposits from Cantabrian mountains and western Pyrenees let us to compare charcoal analysis and glaciation patterns. Landscape around this prehistoric settiement is formed essentially by pioneer vegetation cover along free-glace areas but under periglacial conditions. Altitudinal position of this site and ttie glaciai zones are similar. This particuiarity explain the altitudinal gap of the vegetation in tiiis área. Diary routes tallen by humans looking for their económical resources, as well as tlieir woodfire, were infiuenced by these palaeoenevironmental conditions

Consideraciones paleoambientales del Tardiglaciar y Holoceno inicial en el Levante español: macrorrestos vegetales de El Tossal de la Roca (Vall d’Alcalà, Alicante)

Charred macrobotanical remains from El Tossal de la Roca permit a better understanding of the Tardiglacial-Postglacial (Upper Palaeolithic levels) transition in Valencia region, showing evidence of a supramediterranean environment with Pinus nigra, Juniperus t. phoenicea and Quercus t. faginea. During the early Holocene (Epipaleolithic levels) Quercus ilex-coccifera is dominant, followed by Quercus t. faginea.El análisis de los macrorrestos vegetales carbonizados procedentes del Tossal de la Roca ha permitido conocer la transición Tardiglaciar-Postglaciar (niveles del Paleolítico superior) en la región de Valencia, constatando una vegetación de carácter supramediterráneo con Pinus sylvestris-nigra. Juniperus t. phoenicea y Quercus t. faginea. A inicios del Holoceno (niveles epipaleolíticos) el taxon dominante es Quercus ilex seguido de Quercus t. faginea

Hiding from heat: the transcriptomic response of two clam species is modulated by behaviour and habitat

Rising occurrence of extreme warming events are profoundly impacting ecosystems, altering their functioning and services with significant socio-economic consequences. Particularly susceptible to heatwaves are intertidal shellfish beds, located in estuarine areas already stressed by factors such as rainfall events, red tides, eutrophication, and pollution. In Galicia, Northwestern Spain, these beds support vital shellfisheries, featuring the native clam Ruditapes decussatus and the non-indigenous R. philippinarum. Over recent decades, these populations have experienced notable abundance shifts due to various anthropogenic impacts, including climate change. In this habitat, patches of the seagrass Zostera noltei that coexist with bare sand can act as thermal refuges for benthic organisms such as clams. To assess the impact of heatwaves on these ecosystems, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Juveniles of both clam species in two habitat types—bare sand and sand with Z. noltei—were exposed to simulated atmospheric heatwaves during diurnal low tide for four consecutive days. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis revealed that high temperatures had a more pronounced impact on the transcriptome of R. philippinarum compared to R. decussatus. The habitat type played a crucial role in mitigating heat stress in R. philippinarum, with the presence of Z. noltei notably ameliorating the transcriptomic response. These findings have direct applications in shellfishery management, emphasizing the importance of preserving undisturbed patches of Z. noltei as thermal refuges, contributing to the mitigation of heatwave effects on shellfish populations.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-095583-B-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/42Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2020/05Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2022/001Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Effects of short-term hyposalinity stress on four commercially important bivalves: A proteomic perspective

Increased heavy rainfall can reduce salinity to values close to 0 in estuaries. Lethal and sublethal physiological and behavioural effects of decreases in salinity below ten have already been found to occur in the commercially important clam species Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes decussatus and R. philippinarum and the cockle Cerastoderma edule, which generate an income of ∼74 million euros annually in Galicia (NW Spain). However, studies of the molecular response to hyposaline stress in bivalves are scarce. This ‘shotgun’ proteomics study evaluates changes in mantle-edge proteins subjected to short-term hyposaline episodes in two different months (March and May) during the gametogenic cycle. We found evidence that the mantle-edge proteome was more responsive to sampling time than to hyposalinity, strongly suggesting that reproductive stages condition the stress response. However, hyposalinity modulated proteome profiles in V. corrugata and C. edule in both months and R. philippinarum in May, involving proteins implicated in protein folding, redox homeostasis, detoxification, cytoskeleton modulation and the regulation of apoptotic, autophagic and lipid degradation pathways. However, proteins that are essential for an optimal osmotic stress response but which are highly energy demanding, such as chaperones, osmoprotectants and DNA repair factors, were found in small relative abundances. In both months in R. decussatus and in March in R. philippinarum, almost no differences between treatments were detected. Concordant trends in the relative abundance of stress response candidate proteins were also obtained in V. corrugata and C. edule in the different months, but not in Ruditapes spp., strongly suggesting that the osmotic stress response in bivalves is complex and possibly influenced by a combination of controlled (sampling time) and uncontrolled variables. In this paper, we report potential molecular targets for studying the response to osmotic stress, especially in the most osmosensitive native species C. edule and V. corrugata, and suggest factors to consider when searching for biomarkers of hyposaline stress in bivalves.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2014-51935-RXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2013-004Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/46Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2020/05Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Caracterización del yacimiento de Cueva Blanca (Hellín, Albacete). Nuevas aportaciones para el debate en torno a la transición del Mesolítico al Neolítico antiguo en el Sureste peninsular

The site of Cueva Blanca was discovered in 2006 and its excavations yielded an archaeological level ascribed to thetransitional period between the Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic. In this paper we present the results derived from thedifferent analyses applied to the archaeological and biological materials. In addition, we have examined the archaeologicalsites showing more similarities with Cueva Blanca in its regional context. Its geographical situation, between theMediterranean coast and the inner Meseta, together with the existence of prehistoric rock art evidence confers a highrelevance and exceptionality to this site.El yacimiento de Cueva Blanca (Hellín, Albacete), descubierto en el año 2006, posee un nivel arqueológico que hemosatribuido al periodo transicional entre el Mesolítico y el Neolítico antiguo. En este trabajo se presentan los resultadosde los análisis llevados a cabo con los diferentes materiales arqueológicos y biológicos hallados, al tiempo que se definela secuencia estratigráfica. Se examinan también los yacimientos que muestran más semejanzas con el Abrigo de CuevaBlanca dentro de su contexto regional. La situación geográfica del emplazamiento, a caballo entre la costa mediterráneay el interior peninsular, junto con la existencia de paneles de arte rupestre prehistórico confiere a este yacimientouna indudable relevancia y una cierta excepcionalidad