Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

The Guadiana Basin.(SW Iberian Peninsula) is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD), a consequence of ancient mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Consequently, the sedimerits at the Alqueva reservoir (SE Portugal) in the Guadiana Basin are potentially contaminated by trace elements, which make important: (i) to characterize the status of trace element pollution of the sediments; (ii) to evaluate the mobility and the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn; and (iii) to assess the environmental risk associated with the total and bioavailable concentrations of trace elements, using the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the risk assessment code (RAC). Metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation indexes (I-geo), determined taking into account the regional background levels, revealed that, among the metals analyzed, Cd contributed the highest to pollution levels followed by Pb and As. Despite the trace element contamination of the Alqueva sediments, the sequential extraction showed that Most of them are found in the oxidizable and residual fractions, which indicates that they are sparingly bioavailable, with exception of Cd (acid-labile fraction) and Pb (reducible fraction). Based on the RAC, Cd was the only metal that presented a high risk, while Pb, As and Zn showed a medium risk. Moreover, the SQGs revealed the existence of certain areas of extremely high risk, particularly related to high concentrations of total As and, in less extent, of Pb and Cd, associated with AMD, wastewater discharges and runoff of plant protection products from agricultural fields located near the reservoir. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) [PTDC/AAC-AMB/103547/2008]; FEDER, through POFC (Eixo I - Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade) from QREN [COMPETE Re: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-008582]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

«Una medida violenta y perjudicial»: cuarentenas en Perú y el surgimiento de una política sanitaria panamericana (1850 - 1905)

This article analyzes the imposition of quarantines in Peru and the debates that emerged around their implementation as a public health policy. The time frame ranges from the yellow fever epidemic in the 1850s to the 1905 Washington Sanitary Conference, which unified maritime public health criteria in the Americas. The study argues that discussions about the economic and social costs of imposing quarantines have been a constant in the history of public health in Peru and Latin America. The limited effectiveness of these policies led authorities to rethink their imposition and to implement alternative measures to prevent the spread of epidemics.El presente artículo analiza el establecimiento de cuarentenas en Perú y los debates generados en torno a su implementación como política de salud pública. El marco temporal abarca desde la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en la década de 1850 hasta la Conferencia Sanitaria de Washington 1905, que unificó los criterios de sanidad marítima americana. Se plantea que las discusiones acerca de los costos económicos y sociales de la imposición de cuarentenas ha sido una constante en la historia de la salud de Perú y América Latina. La limitada efectividad de esta política llevó a que se repensara su imposición, y se buscaran medidas alternativas para evitar la expansión de epidemias

Workers and the Local Response to the Third Plague Pandemic in Iquique (Chile, 1900-1903)

By studying the Third Plague Pandemic in Iquique, Chile, this article aims to contribute to the recent trends of scholarship that emphasize the global scope and impact of historical pandemics in local contexts. It examines how the local population and especially saltpeter workers understood, contested, and even neglected the epidemic due to local tensions. Methodologically, this paper relies on an ample array of sources, with an emphasis on sociocultural artifacts produced by local residents, such as poetry, newspapers of the working class, and cartoons. We conclude that in Chile the epidemic that affected Iquique in May 1903 revealed the government’s inability to respond to epidemic outbreaks manifesting in areas far from Santiago, the capital city. In Iquique, the workers and lower classes responded massively, denying the epidemic. The popular sources reveal an anti-central government and anti-big capital sentiment that ultimately led Iquiqueños to perceive the plague as a hoax.By studying the Third Plague Pandemic in Iquique, Chile, this article aims to contribute to the recent trends of scholarship that emphasize the global scope and impact of historical pandemics in local contexts. It examines how the local population and especially saltpeter workers understood, contested, and even neglected the epidemic due to local tensions. Methodologically, this paper relies on an ample array of sources, with an emphasis on sociocultural artifacts produced by local residents, such as poetry, newspapers of the working class, and cartoons. We conclude that in Chile the epidemic that affected Iquique in May 1903 revealed the government’s inability to respond to epidemic outbreaks manifesting in areas far from Santiago, the capital city. In Iquique, the workers and lower classes responded massively, denying the epidemic. The popular sources reveal an anti-central government and anti-big capital sentiment that ultimately led Iquiqueños to perceive the plague as a hoax.Ao estudar a Terceira Pandemia de Peste em Iquique, Chile, este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para as tendências recentes do conhecimento que enfatizam o alcance global e o impacto de pandemias históricas em contextos locais. Ele examina como a população local e especialmente os trabalhadores do salitre compreenderam, contestaram e até negligenciaram a epidemia devido às tensões locais. Metodologicamente, este artigo se baseia em uma ampla gama de fontes, com ênfase em artefatos socioculturais produzidos por residentes locais, como poesia, jornais da classe trabalhadora e caricaturas. Concluímos que, no Chile, a epidemia que afetou Iquique em maio de 1903 revelou a incapacidade do governo de responder aos surtos epidêmicos que se manifestavam em áreas distantes de Santiago, a capital. Em Iquique, os trabalhadores e as classes populares responderam de forma massiva, negando a epidemia. As fontes populares revelam um sentimento antigoverno central e antigrande capital que, no final das contas, fez com que iquiqueños percebessem a praga como uma farsa

Chinese Business in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Historical Overview

This article provides a historical background of Chinese presence in Latin America and the Caribbean from the arrival of the first Chinese workers in the 1850s until the Great Depression. The objective is to demonstrate that Chinese businesses and investment in the region is far for being a recent phenomenon. Methodologically, this article explores an extensive bibliographic corpus and analyzes the International Chinese Business Directory of the World of 1913, one of the most important sources on Chinese businesses in the region. By focusing on the early migration patterns, the establishment of Chinese businesses and transnational economic networks, this article reveals how Chinese businesses were part of the urban landscapes of several Latin American and Caribbean cities, establishing historical commercial ties which continue, if in different forms, to this day

um projecto libertópico

UID/HIS/04666/2013The books are the visible support of a world settled by utopias. The FLIQ is mutually product and utopian ferment. More than a festival or an event, the International Literary Festival of Querença is an intervention in the cultural field representations on the territory.publishersversionpublishe

uma paisagem de mim

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Novos dados para a história do Futurismo em Portugal

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Ligações translocais da cultura impressa: gentes, saberes e textos

UID/HIS/04666/2013O desenvolvimento das estruturas da cultura tipográfca ao longo do século XIX contribuiu decisivamente para a complexifcação das experiências espácio-temporais da conntemporaneidade, desafando os pressupostos simplistas sobre as relações entre centro e periferia. O artigo dedicado à Tipografa Burocrática (Tavira, 1882-1912) concentra-se no estudo da circulação translocal, não só de textos e ideias, mas também da globalidade dos recursos, práticas e objectos da actividade tipográfca, tendo por objectivo situar a natureza e a importância desta ofcina-editora na dinâmica do sistema editorial português. The development of typographic culture structures throughout the 19th century contributed decisively to the complexification of the spatio-temporal experiences of Contemporaneity, challenging the simplistic assumptions about the relations between center and periphery. The article devoted to Bureaucratic Typography (Tavira, 1882-1912) concentrates on the study of translocal circulation, not only of texts and ideas, but also of the totality of resources, practices and objects of typographic activity, with the aim of situating nature and the importance of this workshop-publisher in the dynamics of the Portuguese publishing system.publishersversionpublishe

o caso da Sociedade do Gabinete de Leitura de Loulé, 1835-1848

UID/HIS/04666/2013O estudo dedicado à Sociedade do Gabinete de Leitura de Loulé (1835-1848[?]) oferece a oportunidade adequada à sustentação desta perspectiva de trabalho, que, no caso concreto, pretende deslocar o foco analítico do elevado número de analfabetos para as práticas do escol letrado local. Não se trata de iludir a dimensão modesta que os números conhecidos denunciam, mas não se iludirá igualmente a utilidade e, correndo o risco de infracção deontológica, o entusiasmo perante o valor e os efeitos de gestos «civilizadores» e audazes, tais como a fundação de um Gabinete de Leitura destinado à comunicação e discussão das ideias em regime público, num ambiente caracterizado precisamente pela fragilidade. Tratando-se de um estudo dirigido a uma instituição cultural local, conduzi-lo-emos recorrendo ao cruzamento de fontes de cariz local, regional e nacional, por forma a passar da descrição à análise e a evitar o provincianismo de considerar como único ou excepcional um fenómeno comum, ou cair na tentação de generalizar o que tem características particulares. Não se prescinde, porém, de afirmar o estatuto identitário, relacional e histórico» da Sociedade do Gabinete de Leitura de Loulé, constituinte da globalidade nacional.publishersversionpublishe

a acção reformadora de D. José Maria de Melo no Algarve

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