A Dynamic Probabilistic Based Broadcasting Scheme for MANETs

MANET is commonly known as Mobile Ad Hoc Network in which cluster of mobile nodes can communicate with each other without having any basic infrastructure. The basic characteristic of MANET is dynamic topology. Due to the dynamic behavior nature, the topology of the network changes very frequently, and this will lead to the failure of the valid route repeatedly. Thus, the process of finding the valid route leads to notable drop in the throughput of the network. To identify a new valid path to the targeted mobile node, available proactive routing protocols use simple broadcasting method known as simple flooding. The simple flooding method broadcasts the RREQ packet from the source to the rest of the nodes in mobile network. But the problem with this method is disproportionate repetitive retransmission of RREQ packet which could result in high contention on the available channel and packet collision due to extreme traffic in the network. A reasonable number of routing algorithms have been suggested for reducing the lethal impact of flooding the RREQ packets. However, most of the algorithms have resulted in considerable amount of complexity and deduce the throughput by depending on special hardware components and maintaining complex information which will be less frequently used. By considering routing complexity with the goal of increasing the throughput of the network, in this paper, we have introduced a new approach called Dynamic Probabilistic Route (DPR) discovery. The Node’s Forwarding Probability (NFP) is dynamically calculated by the DPR mobile nodes using Probability Function (PF) which depends on density of local neighbor nodes and the cumulative number of its broadcast covered neighbors

Ni2P Nanoparticle-Inserted Porous Layered NiO Hetero-Structured Nanosheets as a Durable Catalyst for the Electro-Oxidation of Urea

The electro-oxidation of urea (EOU) is a remarkable but challenging sustainable technology, which largely needs a reduced electro-chemical potential, that demonstrates the ability to remove a notable harmful material from wastewater and/or transform the excretory product of humans into treasure. In this work, an Ni2P-nanoparticle-integrated porous nickel oxide (NiO) hetero-structured nanosheet (Ni2P@NiO/NiF) catalyst was synthesized through in situ acid etching and a gas-phase phosphating process. The as-synthesized Ni2P@NiO/NiF catalyst sample was then used to enhance the electro-oxidation reaction of urea with a higher urea oxidation response (50 mA cm2 at 1.31 V vs. RHE) and low onset oxidation potential (1.31 V). The enhanced activity of the Ni2P@NiO/NiF catalyst was mainly attributed to effective electron transport after Ni2P nanoparticle insertion through a substantial improvement in active sites due to a larger electrochemical surface area, and a faster diffusion of ions occurred via the interactive sites at the interface of Ni2P and NiO; thus, the structuralreliability was retained, which was further evidenced by the low charge transfer resistance. Further, the Ni2P nanoparticle insertion process into the NiO hetero-structured nanosheets effectively enabled a synergetic effect when compared to the counter of the Ni2P/NiF and NiO/NiF catalysts. Finally, we demonstrate that the as-synthesized Ni2P@NiO/NiF catalyst could be a promising electrode for the EOU in urea-rich wastewater and human urine samples for environmental safety management. Overall, the Ni2P@NiO/NiF catalyst electrode combines the advantages of the Ni2P catalyst, NiO nanosheet network, and NiF current collector for enhanced EOU performance, which is highly valuable in catalyst development for environmental safety applications

Clay Minerals Effects for Metal Reclamation from Leached Solution

The recent advancements in technology play a pivotal role in mankind’s life and have a significant stint in the generation of E-waste. The present investigation focuses on the recovery of heavy metals from Printed Circuit boards (PCBs) by applying two efficient techniques viz., leaching and adsorption. A combination of leaching and adsorption is a novel and productive approach to recovering heavy metals from like PCBs. After the phases of chemical leaching, the solution was recovered through adsorption and is eco-friendly. The process is carried out to increase the separation rate, reduce the time spent and reach the limits of incineration and pyrolysis methods. Adsorption provides the recovery of heavy metals with respect to the required adsorbent since it is a surface phenomenon. The optimum condition of process variables was found through response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum recovery of copper ions (97.33%) was obtained at the optimum operating conditions such as adsorbent size of 0.04 mm, adsorbent dosage of 3.5 gm L−1 and the temperature of 80°C with 0.845 desirability. This investigation was found to be an eco-friendly way to recover copper ions and does not cause any environmental issues

A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on melamine supported CuO nanoflakes modified electrode

In the present work, we describe a simple electrochemical synthesis of CuO nanoflakes (CuO-NFs) using Cu-melamine complex. The as-prepared CuO nanoflakes was characterized by different physicochemical methods such as high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and elemental mapping. The effect of different potential cycling towards the morphology of CuO-NFs was studied and discussed. Furthermore, CuO-NFs modified electrode was used as an electrocatalyst for oxidation of glucose in 0.1 M NaOH, and the observed electrochemical oxidation current of glucose was higher than CuNPs modified electrode. Amperometric i-t method was used for the determination of glucose using CuO-NFs modified electrode. Under optimal conditions, the amperometric i-t response of the sensor was linear over the glucose concentrations ranging from 1.0 µM to 1.445 mM with the detection limit of 0.35 µM. In addition, the selectivity of the sensor was tested in the presence of different potentially interfering compounds. The practicality of the sensor was also evaluated in human serum samples and shows acceptable recovery of glucos

Effect of turmeric and Spatoglossum asperum on shelf life extension of marine finfish Sillago sihama in chilled storage condition

829-838The effect of turmeric and seaweed powder (Spatoglossum asperum) on shelf life extension of Sillago sihama in chilled storage condition was determined by sensory, pH, biochemical and bacteriological analysis. The experimental setup was divided into six groups, undeveined, deveined, undeveined coated with 5 % S. asperum powder, deveined coated with 5 % S. asperum powder, undeveined coated with 5 % turmeric and deveined coated with 5 % turmeric, all the group of fishes were stored in chilled conditions with 1:1 (fish:ice) ratio. Deveined S. sihama coated with 5 % turmeric demonstrated a longer shelf life of 14 days and between the groups significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the sensorial, pH, biochemical and bacteriological values. Nevertheless, the validity of group one and two were found to be acceptable up to 8 and 10 days, respectively. In conclusion, deveined S. sihama coated with 5 % turmeric and stored in chilled conditions retain the shelf-life up to 14 days

One pot electrochemical synthesis of poly(melamine) entrapped gold nanoparticles composite for sensitive and low level detection of catechol

A simple and cost effective synthesis of nanomaterials with advanced physical and chemical properties have received much attention to the researchers, and is of interest to the researchers from different disciplines. In the present work, we report a simple and one pot electrochemical synthesis of poly(melamine) entrapped gold nanoparticles (PM-AuNPs) composite. The PM-AuNPs composite was prepared by a single step electrochemical method, wherein the AuNPs and PM were simultaneously fabricated on the electrode surface. The as-prepared materials were characterized by various physicochemical methods. The PM-AuNPs composite modified electrode was used as an electrocatalyst for oxidation of catechol (CC) due to its well-defined redox behavior and enhanced electro-oxidation ability towards CC than other modified electrodes. Under optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for the determination of CC. The DPV response of CC was linear over the concentration ranging from 0.5 to 175.5 μM with a detection limit of 0.011 μM. The PM-AuNPs composite modified electrode exhibits the high selectivity in the presence of range of potentially interfering compounds including dihydroxybenzene isomers. The sensor shows excellent practicality in CC containing water samples, which reveals the potential ability of PM-AuNPs composite modified electrode towards the determination of CC in real samples

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole decorated graphene/β-cyclodextrin composite for low level electrochemical detection of mercury (II) in water

Mercury (Hg(II)) is considered as one of the most toxic element that directly affects the human health and the environment. Therefore, in this study, we propose a sensitive and disposable electrochemical sensor for the detection of Hg(II) in various water samples using polypyrrole (PPy) decorated graphene/-cyclodextrin (GR-CD) composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The GRCD/PPy composite was synthesized by chemical oxidation of PPy monomer in GR-CD solution using FeCl3. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is used for the detection of Hg(II) and the DPV results reveal that GR-CD/PPy composite modified SPCE has high sensitivity towards Hg(II) than bare, GR, GR-CD and PPy modified SPCEs. The optimization studies such as effect of pH, accumulating time and effect of scanning potential towards the detection of Hg(II) were investigated. The GR-CD/PPy composite modified SPCE could detect the Hg(II) up to 51.56 M L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 nM L−1. The obtained LOD was well below the guideline level of Hg(II) set by the World’s Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In addition, the fabricated GR-CD/PPy composite modified SPCE selectively detected the Hg(II) in the presence of potentially interfering metal cations

The OpenModelica integrated environment for modeling, simulation, and model-based development

OpenModelica is a unique large-scale integrated open-source Modelica- and FMI-based modeling, simulation, optimization, model-based analysis and development environment. Moreover, the OpenModelica environment provides a number of facilities such as debugging; optimization; visualization and 3D animation; web-based model editing and simulation; scripting from Modelica, Python, Julia, and Matlab; efficient simulation and co-simulation of FMI-based models; compilation for embedded systems; Modelica- UML integration; requirement verification; and generation of parallel code for multi-core architectures. The environment is based on the equation-based object-oriented Modelica language and currently uses the MetaModelica extended version of Modelica for its model compiler implementation. This overview paper gives an up-to-date description of the capabilities of the system, short overviews of used open source symbolic and numeric algorithms with pointers to published literature, tool integration aspects, some lessons learned, and the main vision behind its development.Fil: Fritzson, Peter. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Pop, Adrian. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Abdelhak, Karim. Fachhochschule Bielefeld; AlemaniaFil: Asghar, Adeel. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Bachmann, Bernhard. Fachhochschule Bielefeld; AlemaniaFil: Braun, Willi. Fachhochschule Bielefeld; AlemaniaFil: Bouskela, Daniel. Electricité de France; FranciaFil: Braun, Robert. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Buffoni, Lena. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Casella, Francesco. Politecnico di Milano; ItaliaFil: Castro, Rodrigo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Franke, Rüdiger. Abb Group; AlemaniaFil: Fritzson, Dag. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Gebremedhin, Mahder. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Heuermann, Andreas. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Lie, Bernt. University of South-Eastern Norway; NoruegaFil: Mengist, Alachew. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Mikelsons, Lars. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Moudgalya, Kannan. Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay; IndiaFil: Ochel, Lennart. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Palanisamy, Arunkumar. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Ruge, Vitalij. Fachhochschule Bielefeld; AlemaniaFil: Schamai, Wladimir. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH & Co; AlemaniaFil: Sjolund, Martin. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Thiele, Bernhard. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Tinnerholm, John. Linköping University; SueciaFil: Ostlund, Per. Linköping University; Sueci