İlköğretim Matematik Sınıflarında Gözlem Çalışması

The purpose of this paper is to investigate elementary mathematics classrooms in terms of mathematics content, teaching method, and the duration of mathematics lesson. Data for this research study comprised of 241 elementary mathematics lessons taught by 15 teachers working in different schools in Ankara. The results suggested, (a) in these lessons the topic was worthwhile to teach, the level of teaching was appropriate to the grade level, the topic was presented correctly but the connection between the topic of the lesson and other topics of math or daily life was not built. (b) Commonly used teaching method was lecturing and technique was question-answer; and the students studied individually. More than half of the lessons teachers did not use any material other than textbooks; (c) teachers were not successful at using the time efficiently.Çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim ikinci kademedeki matematik derslerini matematiksel içerik, öğretim metodu ve ders saati süresi açısından incelemektir. Ankara’daki çeşitli ilköğretim okullarının ikinci kademesinde 15 matematik öğretmenine ait 241 matematik dersi gözlenmiş- tir. Elde edilen sonuçlar şunlardır: (a) Gözlemciler verilen matematik konularının öğretilmeye değer ve seviyeye uygun olduğunu, içeriğin doğru olarak verildiğini düşünmektedirler. Diğer taraftan işlenen derslerde dersin konusu ile matematiğin diğer konuları ya da günlük hayat arasında yeteri kadar bağlantı kurulmadığına inanmaktadırlar. (b) Yaygın olarak düz anlatım yöntemi ve soru-cevap tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Gözlenen derslerin hepsinde öğrenciler bireysel olarak çalışmaktadırlar öğrencilerin birbiriyle etkileşimini gerektiren hiçbir etkinlik gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Gözlenen derslerin yarısından çoğunda, ders kitabı dışında bir materyal kullanılmamıştır. (c) Ders süresi etkili bir şekilde kullanılamamaktadır. 40 dakikalık dersin ortalama 24,72 dakikasında derse yönelik bir çalışma yapılmaktadır

Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Understandings of The Class Inclusion Between Kite and Square

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the preservice mathematics teachers’ understanding of class inclusion between kites and squares with the framework of Van Hiele levels. This descriptive study was conducted with 5 sophomore preservice teachers in Turkey. When we look at all the responses to the questions in terms of Van Hiele geometry thinking levels, it can be said that only one preservice teacher understood class inclusion relations and most of the preservice teachers were not at the expected level

8. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Üslü İfadeler ile İlgili Sayı Duyularının Sayı Duyusu Bileşenleri Bakımından İncelenmesi

The aim of this study is to analyze 8th grade students’ exponential number sense in terms of number sense components. The research was carried out by twenty 8th grade students of a in a city center of Aegean region. The exponentials pairs comparison test was used to determine the interviewees. Data of the study were collected with Number Sense Scale on Exponentials. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed by using qualitative techniques. The result of the research showed that the use of numbers sense of the 8th grade students were quite low. In addition, students tended to use standard procedural solutions of short, time consuming and practical methods. Structure of question has emerged as an important factor in determining the use of number sense. Students used the equivalent representation components more successfully than the other components. But they used the other components quite unsuccessfully. Especially the research showed that students were inadequate in understanding the effects of operations on numbers less than 1.Bu çalışmada 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin üslü sayılar ile ilgili sorularda sayı duyularının, sayı duyusu bileşenleri bakımından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ege Bölgesinin bir il merkezinde bulunan devlet okulundan yirmi 8. sınıf öğrencisi ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme yapılacak öğrenciler üslü sayı çiftlerini karşılaştırma testi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Üslü İfadeler ile İlgili Sayı Duyusu Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Öğrenciler ile yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler nitel tekniklerle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin üslü sayılara yönelik sorularda başarılı bir şekilde sayı duyularını kullanamadıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğrencilerin kısa ve pratik yöntemler yerine uzun zaman alan ve işleme dayalı çözümlere yöneldiği görülmüştür. Araştırma, sorunun yapısının sayı duyusu kullanımını belirleyen önemli bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Öğrencilerin “denk gösterimler” sayı duyusu bileşenini kullanımında diğer bileşenlere oranla daha başarılı oldukları, diğer bileşenlerin kullanımında ise oldukça başarısız oldukları saptanmıştır. Özellikle öğrencilerin 1’den küçük “sayılar üzerinde işlemlerin etkilerini anlama” sayı duyusu bileşenine yönelik yetersizliklerinin olduğu görülmüştür

Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Dörtgenlerin Köşegenleri Konusundaki Kavram Görüntüleri

The aim of this study is to investigate senior pre-service elementary teachers’ concept images about diagonal of quadrilaterals. Forty-seven senior pre-service elementary school teachers were interviewed by means of two questions on diagonals of quadrilaterals. Findings of the study revealed that 31.91 percent of the participants did not know the meaning of the diagonal. These pre-service teachers thought that the sides or vertices were diagonals of quadrilaterals. Pre-service teachers used visual and rote approaches during the interviews. Another finding of the study is pre-service teachers were more successful on identifying the quadrilaterals whose diagonals are equal than identifying quadrilaterals whose diagonals are perpendicular to each other.Araştırmanın amacı, son sınıfta okuyan sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dörtgenlerin köşegenleriyle ilgili kavram görüntülerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın verileri bir devlet üniversitesinin sınıf öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim gören 47 sınıf öğretmeni adayıyla görüşmeler yapılarak toplanmış ve nitel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının % 31.91’inin köşegen kavramını bilmediği ve köşegeni kenar veya köşe olarak düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının köşegeni açıklarken görsel ve ezbere yaklaşımlara ağırlık verdikleri görülmüştür. Araştırmanın diğer bir sonucu, öğretmen adaylarının köşegen uzunlukları eşit olan dörtgeni belirlemede, köşegenleri dik olan dörtgeni belirlemeye göre daha başarılı olmalarıdır

Bio-inspired coating strategies for the immobilization of polymyxins to generate contact-killing surfaces

Microbial colonization of indwelling devices remains a major concern in modern healthcare. Developing approaches to prevent biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) is, therefore, in great demand. This study aimed to immobilize two antimicrobial peptides (polymyxins B and E) onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using two polydopamine (pDA)-based approaches: the conventional two-step method involving the deposition of a pDA layer to which biomolecules are immobilized, and a one-step method where peptides are dissolved together with dopamine before its polymerization. Surface characterization confirms the immobilization of polymyxins onto PDMS at a non-toxic concentration. Immobilization of polymyxins using a one-step pDA-based approach is able to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and kill a significant fraction of the adherent ones. Living cells adhered to these modified surfaces exhibit the same susceptibility pattern as cells adhered to unmodified surfaces, highlighting no resistance development. Results suggest that polymyxins immobilization holds a great potential as an additional antimicrobial functionality in the design of biomaterials.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit. This study was also supported by FCT and the European Community fund FEDER, through Program COMPETE, under the scope of the Projects “PTDC/SAU-SAP/113196/2009 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-016012),” “RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462),” and “BioHealth—Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches to improve health quality,” Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. The authors also acknowledge FCT for the PhD Grant of Diana Alves (SFRH/BD/78063/2011)

Bio-inspired coating strategies for the immobilization of polymyxins to generate contact-killing surfaces

Microbial colonization of indwelling devices remains a major concern in modern healthcare. Developing approaches to prevent biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) is, therefore, in great demand. This study aimed to immobilize two antimicrobial peptides (polymyxins B and E) onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using two polydopamine (pDA)-based approaches: the conventional two-step method involving the deposition of a pDA layer to which biomolecules are immobilized, and a one-step method where peptides are dissolved together with dopamine before its polymerization. Surface characterization confirms the immobilization of polymyxins onto PDMS at a non-toxic concentration. Immobilization of polymyxins using a one-step pDA-based approach is able to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and kill a significant fraction of the adherent ones. Living cells adhered to these modified surfaces exhibit the same susceptibility pattern as cells adhered to unmodified surfaces, highlighting no resistance development. Results suggest that polymyxins immobilization holds a great potential as an additional antimicrobial functionality in the design of biomaterials.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit. This study was also supported by FCT and the European Community fund FEDER, through Program COMPETE, under the scope of the Projects “PTDC/SAU-SAP/113196/2009 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-016012),” “RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462),” and “BioHealth—Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches to improve health quality,” Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. The authors also acknowledge FCT for the PhD Grant of Diana Alves (SFRH/BD/78063/2011)

Laskutus- ja ostoreskontraohjelman käyttöönotto ja perehdyttäminen

Tämän opinnäytetyön tutkimusongelmana on tutkia miten Isännöitsijätoimisto Mikkelin Kiinteistöpysäkin taloushallintoa saadaan kehitettyä. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli ottaa käyttöön uudet taloushallinnonohjelmat ja perehdyttää Isännöitsijätoimisto Mikkelin Kiinteistöpysäkin työntekijät niiden käyttäjiksi. Tarkoituksena oli myös tarkastella uusien ohjelmien tuomaa taloushallinnon tehostumista. Opinnäytetyöni teoriaosuudessa käsittelen kirjanpitoa ja tietojärjestelmiä. Kirjanpitoa käsiteltäessä olen keskittynyt laskutukseen ja ostoreskontraan liittyviin asioihin. Tietojärjestelmiä käsittelen ensiksi yleisellä tasolla ja sen jälkeen taloushallinnon näkökulmasta. Keskityn tarkemmin tietojärjestelmien hankintaan, sen hyötyihin ja perehdyttämiseen liittyviin asioihin. Opinnäyte on laadullinen tutkimus ja siinä hyödynnettiin kirjallista aineistoa, haastatteluita ja havainnointia. Opinnäytetyötä voi kutsua tapaustutkimukseksi eli case-tutkimukseksi, sillä kohteena on yksi yritys ja sen taloushallinto. Kirjallinen aineisto koostuu ohjekirjoista ja www-dokumenteista. Haastattelut olivat avoimia teemahaastatteluita ja havainnointia tein syventävän työharjoittelun aikana Isännöitsijätoimisto Mikkelin Kiinteistöpysäkillä. Työn tuloksena syntyi parannusehdotuksia yrityksen taloushallinnon tehostamiseksi ja perehdytysmateriaalia uusiin ohjelmiin. Työn tuloksena syntyi myös kuva uusien taloushallinnonohjelmien tuomasta hyödystä yritykselleThis bachelor’s thesis was assigned by Isännöitsijätoimisto Mikkelin Kiinteistöpysäkki. The purpose of this study was to describe the accounting of Isännöitsijätoimisto Mikkelin Kiinteistöpysäkki. The goal of the study was to take the new accounting programs in to use and train the firm’s employees to use them well. One goal was also to describe how the firm would benefit from these programs. The theoretical part of the thesis dealt with book keeping and information systems. In book keeping the focus was on invoicing and the accounts payable ledger. Information systems were counted down the general viewpoint and after that in terms of accounting. The main focus was on purchasing information systems, its benefits and user training to them. This bachelor’s thesis was a qualitative case study and advantages that were used were literature, interviews and observation. Literary in this thesis came from program manuals and www documents. The interviews were open theme interviews and observation was carried during my practical training in the company. The study resulted in improvement suggestions for the new accounting programs and guidelines for users. The study also explained how the new programs benefited the compan