Buscando un cónyuge: matrimonio, herencia y ayuda mutua en un distrito del Valle de Colca

The purpose of my article is to contribute to the development of a general model of the social organization of the Andean world, in which few have been interested in the last ten years. There are two aspects that I am going to analyze based on data collected in the Tapay district, in the Colca valley, Cailloma province, Arequipa department. First, I want to analyze the marriage pattern that characterizes on the one hand the relationship between the Tapay district and the external world, and on the other hand the relationships between the social and cultural groups that make up the Tapay population. In other words, to analyze how exogamy and endogamy are manifested in the different levels of the society of Tapay. Secondly, I will try to interpret this marriage pattern within a broader context, that of Tapay's social organization. Therefore, I will present a series of data about the inheritance system and the mutual aid amongst the people of Tapay.La finalidad de mi artículo es contribuir al desarrollo de un modelo general de la organización social del mundo andino, en el cual pocos se han interesado en los últimos diez años. Dos son los aspectos que voy a analizar en base a datos recogidos en el distrito de Tapay, en el valle de Colca, provincia de Cailloma, departamento de Arequipa. Primero, quiero analizar el patrón matrimonial que caracteriza por un lado la relación entre el distrito de Tapay y el rnundo externo, y por otro lado las relaciones entre los grupos sociales y culturales que forman la población de Tapay. En otras palabras, analizar cómo la exogamia y la endogamia se manifiestan en los diferentes niveles de la sociedad tapeña. Segundo, intentaré interpretar este patrón matrimonial dentro de un contexto más amplio, el de la organización social de Tapay. Por lo tanto, presentaré una serie de datos en torno al sistema de herencia en Tapay y la ayuda mutua entre los tapeños

Mas allá del dinero: trueque y economía categorial en un distrito en el Valle del Colca

El artículo no presenta resume

Methotrexate polyglutamate levels and co-distributions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia maintenance therapy

PurposeMethotrexate polyglutamates (MTXpg) facilitate incorporation of thioguanine nucleotides into DNA (DNA-TG, the primary cytotoxic thiopurine metabolite and outcome determinant in MTX/6-mercaptopurine treatment of childhood ALL). We hypothesized that mapping erythrocyte levels of MTXpg with 1-6 glutamates and their associations with DNA-TG formation would facilitate future guidelines for maintenance therapy dosing.Methods and resultsSummed MTX with 1-6 glutamates resolved by LCMS [median (interquartile): 5.47 (3.58-7.69) nmol/mmol hemoglobin] was in agreement with total MTX by radio ligand assay. In 16,389 blood samples from 1426 ALL maintenance therapy patients, MTXpg3 21.0 (15.2-27.4)% was the predominant metabolite, and MTXpg1 (the maternal drug) constituted 38.6 (27.2-50.2)% of MTXpg1-6. All subsets correlated; the strongest associations were between metabolites with similar polyglutamate lengths. Correlations of MTXpg1 with MTXpg2 and MTXpg3,4,5,6 were r(s)=0.68 and r(s)=0.25-0.42, respectively. Intercorrelations of MTXpg3,4,5,6 were all r(s)0.51. MTXpg4 accounted for 29.8 (24.7-33.3)% of MTXpg3-6, yet explained 96% of the summed MTXpg3-6 variation. MTXpg1-4, MTXpg1-6, MTXpg2-6 and MTXpg3 were all associated with DNA-TG levels (pPeer reviewe

ESPGHAN Revised Porto Criteria for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND:: The diagnosis of pediatric-onset IBD (PIBD) can be challenging in choosing the most informative diagnostic tests and correctly classifying PIBD into its different subtypes. Recent advances in our understanding of the natural history and phenotype of PIBD, increasing availability of serological and fecal biomarkers, and the emergence of novel endoscopic and imaging technologies taken together have made the previous Porto criteria for the diagnosis of PIBD obsolete. METHODS:: We aimed to revise the original Porto criteria utilizing an evidence-based approach and consensus process to yield specific practice recommendations for the diagnosis of PIBD. These revised criteria are based on the Paris classification of PIBD and the original Porto criteria whilst incorporating novel data, such as for serum and fecal biomarkers. A consensus of at least 80% of participants was achieved for all recommendations and the summary algorithm. RESULTS:: The revised criteria depart from existing criteria by defining two categories of ulcerative colitis (UC; typical and atypical); atypical phenotypes of UC should be treated as UC. A novel approach based on multiple criteria for diagnosing IBD-unclassified (IBDU) is proposed. Specifically, these revised criteria recommend upper GI endoscopy and ileocolonscopy for all suspected PIBD patients, with small bowel imaging (unless typical UC after endoscopy and histology) by magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) or wireless capsule endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS:: These revised Porto criteria for the diagnosis of PIBD have been developed to meet current challenges and developments in PIBD and provide up to date guidelines for the definition and diagnosis of the IBD spectrum

The many Spanishes of an Andean-Amazonian crossroads

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing in very early-onset inflammatory bowel diseases: a multicenter study (vol 12, pg 1104, 2021)

Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Bare Rocks and Fallen Angels: Environmental Change, Climate Perceptions and Ritual Practice in the Peruvian Andes

religion