The periphery paradox in innovation policy: Latin America and Eastern Europe Compared

In this paper we are interested in analyzing the dynamics of the innovation policy in non-frontier countries, and their relationship with structural change and development.

Construction nationale et construction des identités de genre en Allemagne (1848-1870)

International audienceDer Text zeigt anhand der Analyse des deutschen Beispiels auf, wie im Zusammenspiel mit der nationalen Identität Geschlechterkategorien im 19. Jahrhundert konstruiert, verändert und benutzt wurden. Untersucht werden drei Zeiträume : die Revolution von 1848-49, die 1860er Jahre und der deutsch-französische Krieg von 1870/71. Die hier vorgestellten Quellen wurden von Frauen verfasst, die sich öffentlich engagierten. Sie stellten einen Versuch dar, sich in die zeitgenössich vorherrschenden Debatten einzumischen, politische Meinungen zu formulieren und zu artikulieren, neue Rechte für Frauen einzufordern und deren potentielle Stellung als Bürgerinnen in einem zukünftigen deutschen Staat zu definieren. Deutlich wird dabei, in welchem Maße sich die Autorinnen dieser Texte als der deutschen Nation würdig erweisen mussten, wie sie folglich gezwungen waren, sich nicht nur als „Frauen“, sondern als „deutsche Frauen“ auszudrücken und sich insbesondere vom Stereotyp der „französischen Frau“ zu distanzieren. Diese doppelte Identität beschränkte die von ihnen postulierbaren Forderungen merklich, wie am Beispiel von Themen wie Emanzipation oder politische Rechte deutlich wird. Zahlreiche der hier vorgestellten Autorinnen bemühten sich, ihre Handlungsspielräume dadurch auszuweiten, dass sie – eingebettet in die zeitgenössischen Problemlagen – dem Begriff der „Weiblichkeit“ einen neuen und „modernen“ Inhalt zu geben versuchten.L'exemple allemand analysé dans cet article montre comment les catégories du « masculin » et du « féminin » sont construites, transformées et utilisées en lien étroit avec l'identité nationale. Trois périodes – la révolution de 1848-1849, les années 1860 et la guerre de 1870 – sont successivement examinées à travers des textes produits par des Allemandes qui tentent de participer à la formation de l'opinion publique durant ces années-là. Ces sources (principalement de nature journalistique) témoignent de leurs tentatives pour intervenir dans les débats du moment, pour exprimer des opinions politiques, pour revendiquer de nouveaux droits pour les femmes et définir pour elles un statut de citoyennes dans l'Etat allemand à venir. Pour se faire entendre, ces auteures doivent se montrer dignes de la nation allemande, et, par conséquent, s'exprimer non seulement « en tant que femmes » mais aussi en tant que « femmes allemandes » ; ceci implique de se distinguer clairement du stéréotype de la « femme française ». La revendication de cette double identité – genrée et nationale – s'avère à la fois indispensable et restrictive, comme on le voit avec les thèmes de l'émancipation et des droits politiques. Beaucoup de ces femmes publiquement engagées essaient donc d'élargir leur champ d'action en jouant sur la notion de « féminité » qu'elles sont obligées de prendre en compte ; il s'agit notamment de donner à cette notion un contenu nouveau et « moderne », en lien avec les problèmes de leur temps

An Investigation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Proteins Implicated in Efficient Murine Polyomavirus Infection

Polyomaviruses are nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses that begin infection by trafficking through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) en route to the nucleus. However, the mechanism by which the virus escapes the ER prior to nuclear entry is poorly understood. Previous research with Simian Virus 40 identified several ER-resident proteins involved in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated protein Degradation (ERAD) pathway as being necessary for efficient infection. In an attempt to better elucidate this potential mechanism and its possible similarity to SV40 infection, mouse A31-3T3 cells were transduced with lentiviral shRNAs targeted against the previously identified proteins and were then infected with murine polyomavirus (MuPyV). The results of these experiments suggested that several DNAJ molecular co-chaperones, two Derlin family retrotranslocons, and one ER sorting protein, BAP31, are indeed necessary for efficient MuPyV infection in mouse cells. Further studies of these proteins will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of general polyomavirus infection and ER quality control function

REBUILDING THE DIGNITY OF THE INDONESIAN POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA AND ASEAN REGION

In 2013, that year is known as a political year. In the beginning of this year opened with some the local elections for electing the governor and vice governor, such as: in West Java, North Sumatra, and central java. The elections that had been exercising in 2013, became a kind of event to indicate the power of the political machines before competing in the general election 2014. According to the result of the local election in 2013, The political parties are preparing for the 2014 election, the people had already started to weigh up which party will be chosen with the hope that there will be changes for the better in this country someday

Anchoring vignettes can they make adolescent self-reports of social-emotional skills more reliable, discriminant, and criterion-valid?

Individuals differ in the way they use rating scales to describe themselves, and these differences are particularly pronounced in children and early adolescents. One promising remedy is to correct (or "anchor'') an individual's responses according to the way they use the scale when they rate an anchoring vignette (a set of hypothetical targets differing on the attribute of interest). Studying adolescents' self-reports of their socio-emotional attributes, we compared traditional self-report scores with vignette-corrected scores in terms of reliability (internal consistency), discriminant validity (scale intercorrelations), and criterion validity (predicting achievement test scores in language and math). A large and representative sample of 12th grade Brazilian students (N = 8,582, 62% female, mean age 18.2) were administered a Portuguese-language self-report inventory assessing social-emotional skills related to the Big Five personality dimensions. Correcting scores according to vignette ratings led to increases in the reliability of scales measuring Conscientiousness and Openness, but discriminant validity and criterion validity increased only when each scale was corrected using its own corresponding vignette set. Moreover, accuracy in rating the vignettes was correlated with language achievement test scores, suggesting that verbal factors play a role in providing both normative vignette ratings of others and self-reports that are reliable and valid

Technology and intellectual property: A taxonomy of contemporary markets for knowledge and their implications for development

This paper aims to contribute to frame the IP for development debate into a more extensive discussion on appropriability, within the perspective of policies shaping scientific, technological and production capabilities in the light of development theory. Through the lenses of the paradigm based theory of innovation, the authors first recognize that technological asymmetries and gaps between firms and countries appear more as sticky features than as transitory stages of (automatic) adjustment processes, thus reassessing the appropriability ad disclosure function of patents. Then, the paper presents a taxonomy of contemporary markets for knowledge, flagging the existence of what we call derivative markets for knowledge. Patents become to a certain extent liquid because they loose the weight and the density of the technological component and they can easily circulate in the market without having necessarily to be entangled in any final artifact. Just as in derivative financial markets, the value of patents is a function of expectations regarding their uncertain potential future value. The paper concludes sketching the implications for development focusing on two major issues: i) how reassessing the role of IP through an evolutionary perspective affects behavioral microfoundations of innovative conducts and ii) how asymmetries in technological and production capacities between countries mould patenting behavior and participation and exclusion in the contemporary markets for knowledge

La vie a Beyoğlu lors de la guerre de Crimee

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 195-Tanzimat Tarihinde Dar'ül-bedaiİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Keragaman Islam Dalam Film Indonesia Bertema Islam

Tanggapan umat Islam terhadap film adalah positif selama film digunakan untuk perjuangan umat Islam dan bukan untuk menghancurkan umat. Simbol-simbol Islam ada di dalam perfilman Internasional sudah sejak lama. Film Indonesia bertema Islam diproduksi sudah sejak tahun 1960-an.Kemudian pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an bermunculan film-film bertema Islam yang misinya serta inti ceritanya memang untuk dakwah Islam. Di antaranya film-film yang dibintangi dan dibuat oleh Rhoma Irama. Film tersebut penuh dengan simbol Islam, baik dalam dialog di antara para tokohnya maupun dalam kostum mereka. Film-film Indonesia bertema Islam bisa dilihat sebagai film sejarah, drama dan laga. Film Indonesia bertema Islam yang bermuatan sejarah tidak hanya membawa misi Islam, namun juga perjuangan, nasionalisme dan patriotisme. Dari film-film Indonesia bertema Islam yang ada, banyak pemikiran, aliran, mazhab dan warna Islam yang merupakan keragaman Islam. Islam yang ditafsirkan beragam oleh umatnya, hadir dalam praktik kehidupan sehari-hari yang menunjukkan kekayaannya.Meskipun mendapatkan respon yang beragam baik dalam bentuk pro kontra, namun film bisa menjadi media alternatif yang damai dalam menyampaikan keragaman Islam. Makalah ini akan membuka wawasan studi keislaman dan analisis wacana tentang keragaman Islam yang tercapture oleh film Indonesia bertema Islam dari tahun 1980 hingga tahun 2014

Technology and intellectual property: a taxonomy of contemporary markets for knowledge and their implications for development

This paper aims to contribute to frame the IP for development debate into a more extensive discussion on appropriability, within the perspective of policies shaping scientific, technological and production capabilities in the light of development theory. Through the lenses of the paradigm based theory of innovation, the authors first recognize that technological asymmetries and gaps between firms and countries appear more as sticky features than as transitory stages of (automatic) adjustment processes, thus reassessing the appropriability ad disclosure function of patents. Then, the paper presents a taxonomy of contemporary markets for knowledge, flagging the existence of what we call derivative markets for knowledge. Patents become to a certain extent liquid because they loose the weight and the density of the technological component and they can easily circulate in the market without having necessarily to be entangled in any final artifact. Just as in derivative financial markets, the value of patents is a function of expectations regarding their uncertain potential future value. The paper concludes sketching the implications for development focusing on two major issues: i) how reassessing the role of IP through an evolutionary perspective affects behavioral microfoundations of innovative conducts and ii) how asymmetries in technological and production capacities between countries mould patenting behavior and participation and exclusion in the contemporary markets for knowledge.intellectual property rights, patents, appropriability, markets for knowledge, developing countries

Growth, structural change and technological capabilities Latin America in a comparative perspective

Countries differ in terms of technological capabilities and complexity of production structures.According to that, countries may follow different development strategies: one based onextracting rents from abundant endowments, such as labor or natural resources, and the otherfocused on creating rents through intangibles, basically innovation and knowledgeaccumulation. The present article studies international convergence and divergence, linkingstructural change with trade and growth through a North South Ricardian model. The analysisfocuses on the asymmetries between Latin America and mature and catching up economies.Empirical evidence supports that a shift in the composition of the production structure in favorof R&D intensive sectors allows achieving higher rates of growth in the long term andincreases the capacity to respond to demand changes. A virtuous export-led growth requireslaggard countries to reduce the technological gap with respect to more advanced ones. Hence,abundance of factor endowments requires to be matched with technological capabilitiesdevelopment for countries to converge in the long term.