Leggere Montaigne agli inizi del ventesimo secolo: il contributo di Giovanni Setti

Questo contributo analizza il saggio di Giovanni Setti, Tassoni e Montaigne, pubblicato nella Miscellanea tassoniana, che Angelo Fortunato Formiggini edita nel 1908. Il confronto di Setti tra l’opera di Montaigne e i Pensieri di Tassoni non presenta un’argomentazione convincente ma mette in luce interessanti affinità – di pensiero e di scrittura – tra i due autori, ne sottolinea il tratto innovativo, in sintonia con l’esordio editoriale di Formiggini. Setti mostra un’ottima conoscenza del dibattito europeo che concerne l’opera di Montaigne e la storia editoriale del suo testo, e ci consegna un tassello, piccolo ma prezioso, della storia della ricezione italiana degli Essais

La Fabbrica dei Classici. La Traduzione delle Letterature straniere e l'Editoria milanese (1950-2021)

L'editoria milanese ha avuto un ruolo centrale nella traduzione delle letterature straniere, soprattutto dall'immediato dopoguerra a oggi, nel periodo in cui la letteratura tradotta è stata uno strumento essenziale alle istanze di rinnovamento del canone letterario nazionale. La fioritura di collane, il moltiplicarsi dei generi letterari tradotti, l’ambizione sempre più visibile di rispettare il testo originale, anche in lingue extraeuropee, hanno dato vita a un panorama ricco e articolato, documentato negli archivi del Centro APICE, da cui prendono le mosse la maggior parte dei contributi raccolti in questo volume. Essi riportano il dibattito sviluppato nel corso del Convegno di Studi La Fabbrica dei classici. La Traduzione delle Letterature straniere e l’Editoria milanese (1950-2021), che il Centro APICE ha organizzato nel novembre del 2021, presso l’Università degli Studi di Milano. Il titolo stesso evoca un luogo di costruzione e un dinamismo nell’organizzare e produrre che ben rappresentano l’alacrità del mondo editoriale milanese. Un’intraprendenza aperta alle suggestioni delle letterature straniere che caratterizza il capoluogo lombardo ben prima del 1950: la data non evidenzia il momento di una rottura, bensì la piena consapevolezza di una ripartenza che accelera – in modo impressionante e in più direzioni – un processo di modernizzazione e internazionalizzazione già in atto da tempo e destinato ancora a grandi trasformazioni. Questo volume ne rende testimonianza a partire innanzitutto dal lavoro dei traduttori che, di questa 'fabbrica dei classici’, sono il vero motore

Il lettore per amico

PublishedAlimentando un filone di ricerca inaugurato qualche anno fa nell’ambito dei Seminari Balmas, e che intende esplorare pratiche ed effetti della lettura dei testi letterari, i saggi presentati in questo volume scelgono di collocarsi nel campo d’azione dello scrittore, per osservare le strategie con cui egli attira il lettore in un legame di empatia assai più stringente di una semplice affinità intellettuale. Che sia il complice che sostiene e legittima un’impresa trasgressiva, lo spirito eletto che risponde all’appello di una comunità ideale, o l’essere sensibile che allevia la sofferenza d’un’anima che gli si offre senza reticenze, il lettore amico è il sogno segreto d’ogni scrittore, anche il più elitario e sprezzante, o il più disperatamente chiuso in sé. Incontrare lo sguardo di qualcuno che accoglie, comprende, condivide è fare l’esperienza del perfetto amore: ed è paradossalmente l’atto di lettura – il meno tangibile dei congiungimenti – che può realizzare quest’utopia. Per inseguirla gli autori utilizzano, ciascuno a suo modo – al mutare dei contesti storicoculturali, e dei sostrati biografici in cui la creazione prende forma – gli espedienti di cui è provvista la loro arte: dalle scintillanti seduzioni dello stile alle allusioni nascoste, agli enigmi, ai messaggi criptati; dalle più sofisticate formulazioni retoriche all’invettiva, al grido, all’impudica esposizione di sé stessi

Positive symptoms associate with cortical thinning in the superior temporal gyrus via the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia consortium

Objective: Based on the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in auditory processing, language comprehension and self-monitoring, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between STG cortical thickness and positive symptom severity in schizophrenia. Method: This prospective meta-analysis includes data from 1987 individuals with schizophrenia collected at seventeen centres around the world that contribute to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. STG thickness measures were extracted from T1-weighted brain scans using FreeSurfer. The study performed a meta-analysis of effect sizes across sites generated by a model predicting left or right STG thickness with a positive symptom severity score (harmonized SAPS or PANSS-positive scores), while controlling for age, sex and site. Secondary models investigated relationships between antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, overall illness severity, handedness and STG thickness. Results: Positive symptom severity was negatively related to STG thickness in both hemispheres (left: βstd = −0.052; P = 0.021; right: βstd = −0.073; P = 0.001) when statistically controlling for age, sex and site. This effect remained stable in models including duration of illness, antipsychotic medication or handedness. Conclusion: Our findings further underline the important role of the STG in hallmark symptoms in schizophrenia. These findings can assist in advancing insight into symptom-relevant pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Lo specchio della satira protestante: vanità, perdizione e infamia nell’abbigliamento di corte

Il Courtisan Francoys, illustrato nella celebre raccolta di abiti di François Desprez, testimonia, nel 1562, la raffinatezza e la cura dell’abbigliamento a corte, segno di un’appartenenza e di una distinzione che l’aristocrazia degli ultimi Valois esibisce allo sguardo esigente del Rinascimento europeo. A fronte dei profondi cambiamenti socio-economici del tempo, questa élite, chiamata a dar lustro al potere del re, necessita di un’identità forte e dominante che trova prima ed efficace espres..

A Referral Center Experience with Cerebral Protection Devices: Challenging Cardiac Thrombus in the EP Lab

BACKGROUND: Cerebral protection devices (CPD) are designed to prevent cardioembolic stroke and most evidence that exists relates to TAVR procedures. There are missing data on the benefits of CPD in patients that are considered high risk for stroke undergoing cardiac procedures like left atrial appendage (LAA) closure or catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) when cardiac thrombus is present. PURPOSE: This work aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of the routine use of CPD in patients with cardiac thrombus undergoing interventions in the electrophysiology (EP) lab of a large referral center. METHODS: The CPD was placed under fluoroscopic guidance in all procedures in the beginning of the intervention. Two different CPDs were used according to the physician’s discretion: (1) a capture device consisting of two filters for the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries placed over a 6F sheath from a radial artery; or (2) a deflection device covering all three supra-aortic vessels placed over an 8F femoral sheath. Retrospective periprocedural and safety data were obtained from procedural reports and discharge letters. Long-term safety data were obtained by clinical follow-up in our institution and telephone consultations. RESULTS: We identified 30 consecutive patients in our EP lab who underwent interventions (21 LAA closure, 9 VT ablation) with placement of a CPD due to cardiac thrombus. Mean age was 70 ± 10 years and 73% were male, while mean LVEF was 40 ± 14%. The location of the cardiac thrombus was the LAA in all 21 patients (100%) undergoing LAA-closure, whereas, in the 9 patients undergoing VT ablation, thrombus was present in the LAA in 5 cases (56%), left ventricle (n = 3, 33%) and aortic arch (n = 1, 11%). The capture device was used in 19 out of 30 (63%) and the deflection device in 11 out of 30 cases (37%). There were no periprocedural strokes or transitory ischemic attacks (TIA). CPD-related complications comprised the vascular access and were as follows: two cases of pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery not requiring surgery (7%), 1 hematoma at the arterial puncture site (3%) and 1 venous thrombosis (3%) resolved by warfarin. At long-term follow-up, 1 TIA and 2 non-cardiovascular deaths occurred, with a mean follow-up time of 660 days. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of a cerebral protection device prior to LAA closure or VT ablation in patients with cardiac thrombus proved feasible, but possible vascular complications needed to be taken into account. A benefit in periprocedural stroke prevention for these interventions seemed plausible but has yet to be proven in larger and randomized trials

Prolonged clinical benefit with metronomic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer

The clinical efficacy and antiangiogenic effect of low-dose, metronomic administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX) (CM) have been demonstrated. The authors report results and long-term follow-up for patients with metastatic breast carcinoma who obtained prolonged clinical benefit with CM. Prospectively collected data from two successive clinical trials were evaluated. From July 1997 to October 2003, patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were treated with low-dose oral chemotherapy (MTX 2.5 mg, twice daily on day 1 and day 2 or 4, and CTX 50 mg daily). Patients who achieved prolonged clinical benefit for a duration of 12 months or more (complete remission, partial remission or stabilization of disease) were considered for the analysis. Median follow-up was 23 months. A total of 153 patients were enrolled and are evaluable: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 in 90 patients, two or more sites of metastatic disease in 97 patients, zero regimen for metastatic breast carcinoma in 48 patients. Among 153 patients, five demonstrated complete remission and 25 partial remission. The proportion of patients who achieved prolonged clinical benefit was 15.7% (95% confidence interval 9.9-21.4%). Median time to progression for patients with prolonged clinical benefit was 21 months (range 12-37+ months). One patient maintained complete remission 42 months after therapy discontinuation. At the multivariate analysis endocrine responsiveness and the achievement of an objective response significantly correlated with the achievement of prolonged clinical benefit. Metronomic chemotherapy can induce prolonged clinical benefit in metastatic breast cancer, supporting its role as an additional therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast carcinoma