Validity of sports watches when estimating energy expenditure during running

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of three different sport watches in estimating energy expenditure during aerobic and anaerobic running

Cancer Genome Sequencing and Its Implications for Personalized Cancer Vaccines

New DNA sequencing platforms have revolutionized human genome sequencing. The dramatic advances in genome sequencing technologies predict that the $1,000 genome will become a reality within the next few years. Applied to cancer, the availability of cancer genome sequences permits real-time decision-making with the potential to affect diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and has opened the door towards personalized medicine. A promising strategy is the identification of mutated tumor antigens, and the design of personalized cancer vaccines. Supporting this notion are preliminary analyses of the epitope landscape in breast cancer suggesting that individual tumors express significant numbers of novel antigens to the immune system that can be specifically targeted through cancer vaccines

Conociendo el ciclo del agua : las aventuras de Tui y Kerekere en los ríos del Chaco

El agua es el recurso más importante para los seres humanos y organismos vivos del planeta. En la naturaleza se la puede encontrar de diversas formas y en distintos lugares. La observamos en las nubes del cielo, en la nieve de las montañas, en el rocío y niebla de la mañana, y recorriendo las vertientes que nacen en nuestros bosques y montañas. Las aventuras de Tui y Kerekere "Conociendo el ciclo del agua" es la primera de cuatro historias educativas desarrolladas por la Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza en el marco del Proyecto "Balance Hídrico, Calidad Biológica y Gestión del Agua en la parte Sub-andina del Chaco Boliviano" en su componente de Ciencia Participativa, que busca dar a conocer a los niños y jóvenes de un modo sencillo y comprensible a cerca de los componentes de la gestión y cuidado del agua. Este material está dirigido a niños, profesores y pobladores del Chaco, es una guía de aprendizaje y sensibilización hacia los recursos hídricos

El valor del bosque : las aventuras de Tui y Kerekere en los ríos del Chaco

El agua es el recurso más importante para los seres humanos y organismos vivos del planeta. En la naturaleza se la puede encontrar de diversas formas y en distintos lugares. La observamos en las nubes del cielo, en la nieve de las montañas, en el rocío y niebla de la mañana, y recorriendo las vertientes que nacen en nuestros bosques y montañas. Las aventuras de Tui y Kerekere "El valor del bosque" es la segunda de cuatro historias educativas desarrolladas por la Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza en el marco del Proyecto "Balance Hídrico, Calidad Biológica y Gestión del Agua en la parte Sub-andina del Chaco Boliviano" en su componente de Ciencia Participativa, que busca dar a conocer a los niños y jóvenes de un modo sencillo y comprensible a cerca de los componentes de la gestión y cuidado del agua. Este material está dirigido a niños, profesores y pobladores del Chaco, es una guía de aprendizaje y sensibilización hacia los recursos hídricos

Commercial traceability of <i>Arapaima</i> spp. fisheries in the Amazon basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful?

The development of analytical tools to determine the origin of fishes is useful to better understand patterns of habitat use and to monitor, manage, and control fisheries, including certification of food origin. The application of isotopic analyses to study calcified structures of fishes (scales, vertebrae, and otoliths) may provide robust information about the fish geographic origin and environmental living conditions. In this study, we used Sr and C isotopic markers recorded in otoliths of wild and farmed commercialized pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) to evaluate their prediction potential to trace the fishes origin. Wild and farmed fish specimens, as well as food used for feeding pirarucu in captivity, were collected from different sites. Isotope composition of otoliths performed by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS; δ13C) and femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAfs-MC-ICPMS; 87Sr∕86Sr) were compared to the isotopic composition of water and of the food given to the fishes in the farms. Wild fish specimens that lived in environments with the largest fluctuation of river water Sr isotope ratios over time presented the largest Sr isotope variations in otoliths. A quadratic discriminant analysis on otolith isotopic composition provided 58&thinsp;% of correct classification for fish production (wild and farmed) and 76&thinsp;% of correct classification for the fish region. Classification accuracy for region varied between 100&thinsp;% and 29&thinsp;% for the Madeira and the Lower Amazon fishes, respectively. Overall, this preliminary trial is not yet fully developed to be applied as a commercial traceability tool. However, given the importance of Arapaima spp. for food security and the generation of economic resources for millions of people in the Amazon basin, further analyses are needed to increase the discrimination performance of these biogeographical tags.</p

Commercial traceability of <i>Arapaima</i> spp. fisheries in the Amazon basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful?

The development of analytical tools to determine the origin of fishes is useful to better understand patterns of habitat use and to monitor, manage, and control fisheries, including certification of food origin. The application of isotopic analyses to study calcified structures of fishes (scales, vertebrae, and otoliths) may provide robust information about the fish geographic origin and environmental living conditions. In this study, we used Sr and C isotopic markers recorded in otoliths of wild and farmed commercialized pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) to evaluate their prediction potential to trace the fishes origin. Wild and farmed fish specimens, as well as food used for feeding pirarucu in captivity, were collected from different sites. Isotope composition of otoliths performed by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS; δ13C) and femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAfs-MC-ICPMS; 87Sr∕86Sr) were compared to the isotopic composition of water and of the food given to the fishes in the farms. Wild fish specimens that lived in environments with the largest fluctuation of river water Sr isotope ratios over time presented the largest Sr isotope variations in otoliths. A quadratic discriminant analysis on otolith isotopic composition provided 58&thinsp;% of correct classification for fish production (wild and farmed) and 76&thinsp;% of correct classification for the fish region. Classification accuracy for region varied between 100&thinsp;% and 29&thinsp;% for the Madeira and the Lower Amazon fishes, respectively. Overall, this preliminary trial is not yet fully developed to be applied as a commercial traceability tool. However, given the importance of Arapaima spp. for food security and the generation of economic resources for millions of people in the Amazon basin, further analyses are needed to increase the discrimination performance of these biogeographical tags.</p

MUC1 expression and anti-MUC1 serum immune response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): a multivariate analysis

BACKGROUND: HNSCC progression to adjacent tissue and nodes may be mediated by altered glycoproteins and glycolipids such as MUC1 mucin. This report constitutes a detailed statistical study about MUC1 expression and anti-MUC1 immune responses in relation to different clinical and pathological parameters which may be useful to develop new anti HNSCC therapeutic strategies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty three pre treatment HNSCC patients were included: 26 (49.1%) bearing oral cavity tumors, 17 (32.1%) localized in the larynx and 10 (18.8%) in the pharynx. Three patients (5.7%) were at stage I, 5 (9.4%) stage II, 15 (28.3%) stage III and 30 (56.6%) at stage IV. MUC1 tumor expression was studied by immunohistochemistry employing two anti-MUC1 antibodies: CT33, anti cytoplasmic tail MUC1 polyclonal antibody (Ab) and C595 anti-peptidic core MUC1 monoclonal antibody. Serum levels of MUC1 and free anti-MUC1 antibodies were detected by ELISA and circulating immune complexes (CIC) by precipitation in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3.5%; MUC1 isolation from circulating immune complexes was performed by protein A-sepharose CL-4B affinity chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Statistical analysis consisted in Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA); ANOVA test (Tukey's test) was employed to find differences among groups; nonparametrical correlations (Kendall's Tau) were applied when necessary. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05 in all cases. RESULTS: MUC1 cytoplasmic tail was detected in 40/50 (80%) and MUC1 protein core in 9/50 (18%) samples while serum MUC1 levels were elevated in 8/53 (15%) patients. A significant statistical correlation was found between MUC1 serum levels and anti-MUC1 IgG free antibodies, while a negative correlation between MUC1 serum levels and anti-MUC1 IgM free antibodies was found. Circulating immune complexes were elevated in 16/53 (30%) samples and were also statistically associated with advanced tumor stage. MUC1 was identified as an antigenic component of IgG circulating immune complexes. Moreover, poorly differentiated tumors were inversely correlated with tumor and serum MUC1 detection and positively correlated with node involvement and tumor mass. CONCLUSION: Possibly, tumor cells produce MUC1 mucin which is liberated to the circulation and captured by IgG antibodies forming MUC1-IgG-CIC. Another interesting conclusion is that poorly differentiated tumors are inversely correlated with tumor and serum MUC1 detection