Prise en charge des pathologies gynécologiques bénignes par chirurgie robotique

peer reviewe

Combination of 3D Scanning, Modeling and Analyzing Methods around the Castle of Coatfrec Reconstitution

International audienceThe castle of Coatfrec is a medieval castle in Brittany constituting merely a few remaining ruins currently in the process of restoration. Beyond its great archeological interest, it has become, over the course of the last few years, the subject of experimentation in digital archeology. Methods of 3D scanning were implored in order to gauge comparisons between the remaining structures and their absent hypothetical ones, resulting in the first quantitative results of its kind. This paper seeks to introduce the methods which carried out said research, as well as to present the subsequent results obtained using these new digital tools

Small variable segments constitute a major type of diversity of bacterial genomes at the species level.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Analysis of large scale diversity in bacterial genomes has mainly focused on elements such as pathogenicity islands, or more generally, genomic islands. These comprise numerous genes and confer important phenotypes, which are present or absent depending on strains. We report that despite this widely accepted notion, most diversity at the species level is composed of much smaller DNA segments, 20 to 500 bp in size, which we call microdiversity. RESULTS: We performed a systematic analysis of the variable segments detected by multiple whole genome alignments at the DNA level on three species for which the greatest number of genomes have been sequenced: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Among the numerous sites of variability, 62 to 73% were loci of microdiversity, many of which were located within genes. They contribute to phenotypic variations, as 3 to 6% of all genes harbor microdiversity, and 1 to 9% of total genes are located downstream from a microdiversity locus. Microdiversity loci are particularly abundant in genes encoding membrane proteins. In-depth analysis of the E. coli alignments shows that most of the diversity does not correspond to known mobile or repeated elements, and it is likely that they were generated by illegitimate recombination. An intriguing class of microdiversity includes small blocks of highly diverged sequences, whose origin is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis uncovers the importance of this small-sized genome diversity, which we expect to be present in a wide range of bacteria, and possibly also in many eukaryotic genomes

Étude et durabilité de solutions de packaging polymère d'un composant diamant pour l'électronique de puissance haute température

Les besoins en électronique de puissance, de plus en plus exigeants, ont motivé des recherches à l'échelle mondiale sur d'autres matériaux tels que le diamant comme remplaçant du silicium. Nos travaux de recherche sont plus spécifiquement axés sur la définition et la qualification de matériaux polymères capables de garantir l'intégrité des fonctions physiques de modules de puissance en environnement sévère. L'étude concerne la durabilité de candidats polymères à retenir pour le boîtier dont l'objectif est de protéger l'interrupteur de l'environnement extérieur. Suite aux choix des différents polymères étudiés, variables dans leur chimie et leur morphologie (amorphe ou semi-cristallin), un premier objectif scientifique est alors de chercher les relations structures/propriétés permettant de contrôler le procédé de mise en forme des polyimides semi-cristallins et d'en déduire les conditions requises à l'obtention de performances optimisées. Un second objectif a concerné la tenue des différents matériaux sélectionnés en vieillissements isothermes thermo-oxydatifs.Requirements in power electronics are more and more demanding about materials behavior in their operating conditions. This has motivated global scale researches about other materials replacing silicon such as diamond. This study is specifically focusing on the definition and qualification of polymer materials which could preserve physical functions of power modules in severe environments. This study focuses on the durability of several polymers used for the case. This later allows to protect the chip from external environment. The choice of different studied polymers which are dissimilar in chemistry and morphology (i.e. amorphous or semicrystalline) has been made in this study. Then, a first scientific goal was to search the structures/properties relations leading to the control of the manufacturing process of semicrystalline polyimides. A second goal concerned the mechanical strength evaluation of selected materials after thermo-oxidative isothermal ageing.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

L’environnement et l’interdisciplinarité en débat

Le 17 mars 2005 se déroulait à Arras, sur l’initiative de deux laboratoires de l’Université d’Artois spécialisés respectivement en géographie et économie, et avec le soutien du réseau « Développement Durable et Territoires Fragiles » et du laboratoire Ethique et Procédures de l'Université d'Artois, un séminaire interdisciplinaire sur l’environnement. A l’heure où la plupart des débats scientifiques ont déplacé leur centre de gravité des questions environnementales vers la thématique plus englobante du développement durable, ce séminaire entendait renouer avec un questionnement d’ordre plus méthodologique et épistémologique, sur la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire en environnement

High-order harmonic transient grating spectroscopy of SF6 molecular vibrations

special issue : Ultrafast electron and molecular dynamicsInternational audienceStrong field transient grating spectroscopy has shown to be a very versatile tool in time-resolved molecular spectroscopy. Here we use this technique to investigate the high-order harmonic generation from SF6 molecules vibrationally excited by impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. Transient grating spectroscopy enables us to reveal clear modulations of the harmonic emission. This heterodyne detection shows that the harmonic emission generated between 14 to 26 eV is mainly sensitive to two among the three active Raman modes in SF6, i.e. the strongest and fully symmetric nu 1-A1g mode (774 cm-1, 43 fs) and the slowest mode nu5-T2g (524 cm-1, 63 fs). A time-frequency analysis of the harmonic emission reveals additional dynamics: the strength and central frequency of the nu 1 mode oscillate with a frequency of 52 cm-1 (640 fs). This could be a signature of the vibration of dimers in the generating medium. Harmonic 11 shows a remarkable behavior, oscillating in opposite phase, both on the fast (774 cm-1) and slow (52 cm-1) timescales, which indicates a strong modulation of the recombination matrix element as a function of the nuclear geometry. These results demonstrate that the high sensitivity of high-order harmonic generation to molecularvibrations, associated to the high sensitivity of transient grating spectroscopy, make their combination a unique tool to probe vibrational dynamics

Touching and interacting with inaccessible cultural heritage

International audienc

Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping

The conversion of CO2 into desirable multicarbon products via the electrochemical reduction reaction holds promise to achieve a circular carbon economy. Here, we report a strategy in which we modify the surface of bimetallic silver-copper catalyst with aromatic heterocycles such as thiadiazole and triazole derivatives to increase the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon molecules. By combining operando Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy with electrocatalytic measurements and analysis of the reaction products, we identified that the electron withdrawing nature of functional groups orients the reaction pathway towards the production of C2+ species (ethanol and ethylene) and enhances the reaction rate on the surface of the catalyst by adjusting the electronic state of surface copper atoms. As a result, we achieve a high Faradaic efficiency for the C2+ formation of approximate to 80% and full-cell energy efficiency of 20.3% with a specific current density of 261.4 mA cm(-2) for C2+ products. Strategies to systematically tune CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products are of high interests. Here the authors report electron withdrawing functional group alters the reaction pathway towards C2+ products by adjusting the oxidation state of surface copper.D.V., K.Q., and H.L.W. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 804320). L.L., D.V., and H.L.W acknowledge the use of TEM instrumentation provided by the Nation Facility ELECMI ICTS (`Division de Microscopia Electronica', Universidad de Cadiz, DME-UCA). L.L. acknowledges funding from the Andalusian regional government (FEDER-UCA-18-106613), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 823717-ESTEEM3), and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (PID2019-107578GA-I00). K.Q. and Y.Z. acknowledge financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633127) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310602). J.L. acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808134). We thank Soleil Synchrotron and Andrea Zitolo for allocating beamtime at beamline Samba within the proposal 20200732