Disfunción endotelial asociada a la diabetes mellitus: interacción entre inflamación e hiperglucemia

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica. Fecha de lectura: 12 de Julio de 2012

Síndrome de Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a disease characterized by premature aging in children, due to a mutation in the Lamina type A, gene involved in cellular mitosis. In the present work, with the aim of spreading the knowledge of this disease, the processes involved in its development, the scientific advances, and the scope of new therapeutic treatments were summarized. The review was carried out by consulting articles in Spanish and English using the Pubmed and Google Academic search engines. The updating of health personnel on congenital genetic diseases is of vital importance to improve their detection, care and management. El Síndrome de Progeria de Hutchinson- Gilford es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por el envejecimiento prematuro en niños, debido a una mutación en el gen de Lámina tipo A involucrado en la mitosis celular. En el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de dar difusión al conocimiento de esta enfermedad, se señalan los procesos involucrados en su desarrollo, así como los avances científicos y el alcance de nuevas ventanas terapéuticas.  La revisión se realizó consultando artículos en español e inglés empleando los motores de búsqueda Pubmed y Google Académico. La actualización del personal de salud sobre las enfermedades genéticas congénitas es de vital importancia para mejorar su detección, atención y manejo.A Síndrome de Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria é uma doença caracterizada pelo envelhecimento prematuro em crianças, devido a uma mutação no gene lamina tipo A envolvido na mitose celular. No presente trabalho, com o objetivo de divulgar o conhecimento desta doença, são indicados os processos envolvidos no seu desenvolvimento, bem como os avanços científicos e o âmbito de novas janelas terapêuticas. A análise foi realizada através da consulta de artigos em espanhol e inglês utilizando os motores de busca pubmed e Google Scholar. A atualização do pessoal de saúde sobre doenças genéticas congénitas é de importância vital para melhorar a sua deteção, cuidados e gestão.

Insensibilidad congénita al dolor.

Pain represents a series of chain reactions from whether an extern or intern stimulus as an alert signal for the patient that has suffered damage putting his physical condition at risk. Nonetheless, there is a small fraction of the population that is born with genetic alterations that make it impossible for them to experience such sensation, which affects full development and constant involuntary self-harm. The intend of this review is to give a  concise based on evidence panorama about the etiology, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and possible treatments for the rare disease named “Congenital Insensitivity to Pain” or ICD.El dolor representa una serie de reacciones en cadena resultado de un estímulo externo interno como una señal de alerta para el individuo que ha sufrido algún daño poniendo     en riesgo su estabilidad física; sin embargo, existe una pequeña fracción de la población que ha nacido con alteraciones genéticas que les imposibilitan experimentar tal sensación, lo que repercute en el desarrollo pleno y la constante autolesión involuntaria.  Este trabajo pretende dar un panorama conciso basado en evidencias sobre la etiología, epidemiología, signos y síntomas, el diagnóstico y los posibles tratamientos de la rara enfermedad denominada “Insensibilidad Congénita al Dolor” o ICD

Enfermedad atípica: Inmunodeficiencia combinada grave

Severe combined immunodeficiency is a hereditary disease linked to the X chromosome where there are abnormalities in the functions of T, B and NK lymphocytes, which can be mixed and affect two or more of these cell populations, there is still no extensive registry of this disease, given that it has a very low incidence, and despite having no cure, its prognosis is relatively favorable if it is detected early. Currently there are some treatments to improve the quality of life of the patient such as bone marrow transplantation or intravenous immunoglobulin replacement (IGIV), this review aims to explain the processes involved in the development of this diseaseLa inmunodeficiencia combinada grave es una enfermedad hereditaria ligada al cromosoma X en donde existen anomalías en las funciones de los linfocitos T, B y NK, el cual puede ser mixta y afectar dos o más de estas poblaciones celulares, aún no existe un registro amplio de esta enfermedad dado que es de muy baja incidencia, y a pesar de no tener cura, su pronóstico es relativamente favorable si es detectado a tiempo. Actualmente existen algunos tratamientos para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente como el trasplante de medula ósea, o remplazo de inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV), esta revisión pretende explicar los procesos involucrados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad

Food Drying: Opportunities, Market Solutions, and Nutraceutical Properties of Chayote

Food drying is a practice that has brought several benefits to the food industry, facilitating transportation, increasing shelf life, and avoiding the need for special treatments or storage according to the product. Due to the benefits and great development in the field of drying in recent years, a review of the main drying techniques of Sechium edule (or chayote) has been developed. Bad practices, food waste, and poor nutrition are some of the problems that open up opportunities to work with the final producer to take advantage of food and extend its shelf life, especially foods with high humidity. In this sense, producing dehydrated products with high nutritional content is a feasible and necessary opportunity that would boost industries, promote better nutrition, and reduce waste. S. edule is an alternative with great growth opportunity due to its nutraceutical characteristics, with physiological benefits through seven of the nine essential amino acids. The latter include phenolic compounds that have shown diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and hypotensive effects, providing benefits to both the commercial sector and the producer by developing a product that facilitates consumption and production and takes advantage of the whole vegetable.Food drying is a practice that has brought several benefits to the food industry, facilitating transportation, increasing shelf life, and avoiding the need for special treatments or storage according to the product. Due to the benefits and great development in the field of drying in recent years, a review of the main drying techniques of Sechium edule (or chayote) has been developed. Bad practices, food waste, and poor nutrition are some of the problems that open up opportunities to work with the final producer to take advantage of food and extend its shelf life, especially foods with high humidity. In this sense, producing dehydrated products with high nutritional content is a feasible and necessary opportunity that would boost industries, promote better nutrition, and reduce waste. S. edule is an alternative with great growth opportunity due to its nutraceutical characteristics, with physiological benefits through seven of the nine essential amino acids. The latter include phenolic compounds that have shown diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and hypotensive effects, providing benefits to both the commercial sector and the producer by developing a product that facilitates consumption and production and takes advantage of the whole vegetable

Impact of preemptive hospitalization on health outcomes at the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City: a prospective observational study.

INTRODUCTION: In response to the evolution of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the admission protocol for the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City has been updated to hospitalize patients preemptively with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of >90%. METHODS: This prospective, observational, single-center study compared the progression and outcomes of patients who were preemptively hospitalized versus those who were hospitalized based on an SpO2 ⩽90%. We recorded patient demographics, clinical characteristics, COVID-19 symptoms, and oxygen requirement at admission. We calculated the risk of disease progression and the benefit of preemptive hospitalization, stratified by CALL Score: age, lymphocyte count, and lactate dehydrogenase (<8 and ⩾8) at admission. RESULTS: Preemptive hospitalization significantly reduced the requirement for oxygen therapy (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.66), admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (0.37, 0.23-0.60), requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (0.40, 0.25-0.64), and mortality (0.22, 0.10-0.50). Stratification by CALL score at admission showed that the benefit of preemptive hospitalization remained significant for patients requiring oxygen therapy (0.51, 0.31-0.83), admission to the ICU (0.48, 0.27-0.86), and IMV (0.51, 0.28-0.92). Mortality risk remained significantly reduced (0.19, 0.07-0.48). CONCLUSION: Preemptive hospitalization reduced the rate of disease progression and may be beneficial for improving COVID-19 patient outcomes

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Biosorción de Metales Pesados en Solución Acuosa Mediante Biomasa de Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

En el siguiente trabajo se comprobó que la biomasa fúngica de Saccharomyces cerevisiae es capaz de remover plomo y cadmio de aguas contaminadas. Se estudiaron dos cepas de S. cerevisiae una de ellas procedente del cepario de la Universidad de las Américas-Puebla denominada UDLAP-07 y la otra de venta comercial denominada CM-05. La investigación realizada se divide en tres partes: Realización de las curvas de crecimiento de la cepa UDLAP-07 y CM-05 en presencia y ausencia de solución de Pb y Cd, determinación de la inmovilización de Pb y Cd por ambas cepas y estudio de la capacidad de biosorción de la cepa CM-05 empleando columna empacada con biomasa fúngica. La primera parte de la investigación hace referencia a las curvas de crecimiento de la cepa UDLAP-07 y la cepa CM-05, se demostró que la cepa CM-05 tiene un tiempo de generación mayor al de la cepa UDLAP-07, mientras que bajo las mismas concentraciones de plomo el resultado fue inverso, es decir, la cepa UDLAP-07 presentó un tiempo de generación mayor al de la CM-05. Esto podría indicar una diferencia en la sensibilidad de las cepas de levadura a los dos metales usados. En cuanto al estudio de la capacidad de inmovilización de Pb y Cd por la cepa UDLAP-07 y la cepa CM-05, se hizo evidente que la cepa CM-05 permite inmovilizar una mayor cantidad de metales. Las dos cepas de levadura presentaron una concentración mínima inhibitoria de ambos metales a 15 ppm Así mismo, se observo un fenómeno de desorción de metales posterior a los 5 minutos de contacto entre la solución de metal y el biosorbente. La biomasa muerta de la cepa UDLAP-07 fue descartada para los siguientes estudios, debido a la escasa inmovilización de metales que presenta; de esta manera la cepa CM-05 se empleo en los experimentos posteriores. En el tercer segmento de este trabajo se efectuaron ensayos empleando columnas empacadas con biomasa fúngica bajo las siguientes condiciones: sin tratamiento, tratamiento ácido y tratamiento alcalino. Estos experimentos permitieron comparar el porcentaje promedio de biosorción, la cantidad promedio en ppm de metal biosorbida y la influencia de la aplicación o no de tratamientos ácidos y alcalinos en la adsorción de metales a diferentes concentraciones. Finalmente, las condiciones de tratamiento ácido y alcalino no influyeron significativamente en la capacidad de adsorción de plomo y cadmio. Se observó que al aumentar la concentración de metales en la solución se aumentaba de manera proporcional la capacidad de biosorción

THE COMPETENCES LEADERSHIP AND THE EFQM

[ES] El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la relación entre los criterios de liderazgo, las competencias directivas y los criterios de resultados clave del EFQM, en 149 empresas turísticas de la ciudad de Guanajuato. Basados en la literatura existente, se diseñó un esquema de análisis que expone las relaciones entre factores de los tres instrumentos empleados en la investigación. En el caso de la primera hipótesis, los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson muestran una asociación positiva y significativa entre los criterios de liderazgo, las competencias directivas y los resultados clave, no obstante, la fuerza de asociación es mayor entre las competencias directivas y los resultados clave, pues alcanzan el 0.525.[EN] The aim of the research was to identify the degree of association between the directive cornpetences and leadership criteria on the key results of the EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management). To achieve this objective, three measuring instruments, designed by experts in the field were used, The instruments were applied to 149 entrepreneurs in the tourism sector of the city of Guanajuato and validated by specialized statistical tests. The results indicate that, globally, there is a significant and positive relationship between the criteria of leadership and management skills on key results in the organizations studied. However, when analyzing the association of each of the components of the criteria for leadership and management skills on key results, correlation coefficients were obtained under 0.50. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >González Rosas, EL.; Carrión García, A.; Palacios Marqués, D. (2015). El liderazgo por competencias y el EFQM. Investigación Administrativa. 44(116):9-24. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/65455S9244411