Occurence of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Gulf of Trieste and the northern Adriatic Sea

1. The Mediterranean common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), considered to have been very common in the past, had undergone a dramatic decline across most of the basin by the end of 1970s. In the northern Adriatic Sea, one of the regions with most available historical information, the common dolphin is thought to have been the most common and abundant cetacean throughout most of the 20th century. However, by the end of 1970s, it had virtually disappeared from the region and is now considered generally absent from the entire Adriatic Sea. 2. This contribution summarizes the occurrence of common dolphins in the Gulf of Trieste and provides a brief review of published records in other parts of the Adriatic Sea. 3. Systematic boat surveys in the wider area of the Gulf of Trieste between 2002 and 2019 confirmed that the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the only regularly occurring cetacean species in this area. Despite this, several records of common dolphins were documented in the Gulf of Trieste between 2009 and 2012, through sightings of live animals or recovery of dead stranded animals. 4. Dorsal fin markings allowed the photo‐identification of some of these, suggesting that at least four different live individuals (three adults and one calf) occurred here in recent times. Most cases involved single adult individuals, but one included a mother‐calf pair that was temporarily resident in a port for several months, a behaviour atypical for this species. Photo‐identification showed that the presumed mother had previously been sighted in the Ionian Sea in Greece, over 1,000 km from the Gulf of Trieste, making this the longest documented movement for this species worldwide. 5. At present, the common dolphin continues to be rare in the region.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕФОПАМА В СТРУКТУРЕ СХЕМЫ ПЕРИОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОЙ АНАЛГЕЗИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОЯСНИЧНОЙ ГРЫЖЕЙ МЕЖПОЗВОНКОВОГО ДИСКА: ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. To compare efficacy and safety of nefopam and paracetamol as components of the preventive multimodal anesthesia (PMA) in patients operated on for a hernia of an intervertebral disc (hID).MATERIAL AND METHODS. In 2013, 35 patients were operated on for hID. Group 1 (21) received PMA including wound infiltration by bupivacaine, ketoprofen and paracetamol. Group 2 (15) received nefopam instead of paracetamol. Intensity of postoperative pain, side effects and satisfaction of patients with anesthesia were assessed, and in 6 months later — existence and intensity of chronic pain.RESULTS. Intensity of postoperative pain, satisfaction with anesthesia, and also frequency and intensity of chronic pain didn’t differ in group 1 and 2. Occurrence of undesirable reactions was higher in group 2.CONCLUSION. In patients receiving nefopam and paracetamol as components of PMA, intensity of postoperative pain and also occurence and intensity of chronic pain don’t differ, but the patients receiving to nefopam, experience the undesirable reactions more often which do not affect satisfaction with anesthesia. ЦЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ. Сравнить эффективность и безопасность нефопама и парацетамола как компонентов превентивного мультимодального обезболивания (ПМО) у больных, оперированных по поводу грыжи межпозвонкового диска (ГМД).МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. В проспективное исследование, проходившее в 2013 г., были включены 35 пациентов, оперированных по поводу ГМД. 21 (группа 1) получали ПМО, включающее инфильтрацию раны бупивакаином, кетопрофеном и парацетамолом. 15 (группа 2) в схеме ПМО вместо парацетамола получали нефопам. Оценивали интенсивность послеоперационной боли, побочные эффекты и удовлетворенность пациентов обезболиванием, через 6 мес — наличие и интенсивность хрони- ческой боли.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Интенсивность послеоперационной боли, удовлетворенность обезболиванием, а также частота и интенсивность хронической боли не различалась в группах 1 и 2. Частота нежелательных реакций была больше в группе 2.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. У больных, получавших в схеме ПМО нефопам и парацетамол, интенсивность послеоперационной, а также частота и интенсивность хронической боли не отличаются, но пациенты, получающие нефопам, чаще испытывают нежелательные реакции, не влияющие на удовлетворенность обезболиванием

Branch Rings, Thinned Rings, Tree Enveloping Rings

We develop the theory of ``branch algebras'', which are infinite-dimensional associative algebras that are isomorphic, up to taking subrings of finite codimension, to a matrix ring over themselves. The main examples come from groups acting on trees. In particular, for every field k we construct a k-algebra K which (1) is finitely generated and infinite-dimensional, but has only finite-dimensional quotients; (2) has a subalgebra of finite codimension, isomorphic to $M_2(K)$; (3) is prime; (4) has quadratic growth, and therefore Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 2; (5) is recursively presented; (6) satisfies no identity; (7) contains a transcendental, invertible element; (8) is semiprimitive if k has characteristic $\neq2$; (9) is graded if k has characteristic 2; (10) is primitive if k is a non-algebraic extension of GF(2); (11) is graded nil and Jacobson radical if k is an algebraic extension of GF(2).Comment: 35 pages; small changes wrt previous versio

Constraining Spectral Models of a Terrestrial GammaRay Flash From a Terrestrial Electron Beam Observation by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor

Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) are short flashes of high energy photons, produced by thunderstorms. When interacting with the atmosphere, they produce relativistic electrons and positrons, and a part gets bounded to geomagnetic field lines and travels large distances in space. This phenomenon is called a Terrestrial Electron Beam (TEB). The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) mounted on-board the International Space Station detected a new TEB event on March 24, 2019, originating from the tropical cyclone Johanina. Using ASIM's low energy detector, the TEB energy spectrum is resolved down to 50 keV. We provide a method to constrain the TGF source spectrum based on the detected TEB spectrum. Applied to this event, it shows that only fully developed Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche spectra are compatible with the observation. More specifically, assuming a TGF spectrum urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl62333:grl62333-math-0001, the compatible models have ϵ ≥ 6.5 MeV (E is the photon energy and ϵ is the cut-off energy). We could not exclude models with ϵ of 8 and 10 MeV.publishedVersio

A magnetic wormhole

Wormholes are fascinating cosmological objects that can connect two distant regions of the universe. Because of their intriguing nature, constructing a wormhole in a lab seems a formidable task. A theoretical proposal by Greenleaf et al. presented a strategy to build a wormhole for electromagnetic waves. Based on metamaterials, it could allow electromagnetic wave propagation between two points in space through an invisible tunnel. However, an actual realization has not been possible until now. Here we construct and experimentally demonstrate a magnetostatic wormhole. Using magnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces, our wormhole transfers the magnetic field from one point in space to another through a path that is magnetically undetectable. We experimentally show that the magnetic field from a source at one end of the wormhole appears at the other end as an isolated magnetic monopolar field, creating the illusion of a magnetic field propagating through a tunnel outside the 3D space. Practical applications of the results can be envisaged, including medical techniques based on magnetism

Molecular evidence that Heligmosomoides polygyrus from laboratory mice and wood mice are separate species

The gastro-intestinal (GI) nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is an important experimental model in laboratory mice and a well-studied parasite of wood mice in the field. Despite an extensive literature, the taxonomy of this parasite in different hosts is confused, and it is unclear whether laboratory and field systems represent the same or different Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Molecular analyses reveal high sequence divergence between H. p. bakeri (laboratory) and H. p. polygyrus (field); 3% difference in the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and 8.6% variation in the more rapidly evolving mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The COI sequence of U.K. H. p. polygyrus is more similar to H. glareoli from voles than to H. p. bakeri, while a single isolate of H. p. polygyrus from Guernsey confirms the extent of genetic variation between H. p. polygyrus populations. Analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that mtCOI sequence variation is associated primarily with groups with distinct ITS2 sequences, and with host identity, but is not partitioned significantly with a single combined taxon H. polygyrus incorporating European and North American isolates. We conclude therefore that the laboratory OTUshould be raised to the level of a distinct species, as H. bakeri from the laboratory mouse Mus musculus, and we reject the hypothesis that H. bakeri has diverged from H. polygyrus in the recent past following introduction into America. However, we are unable to reject the hypothesis that H. polygyrus and H. bakeri are sister taxa, and it may be that H. polygyrus is polyphyletic or paraphyletic

Aqueous-Phase Synthesis of Silver Nanodiscs and Nanorods in Methyl Cellulose Matrix: Photophysical Study and Simulation of UV–Vis Extinction Spectra Using DDA Method

We present a very simple and effective way for the synthesis of tunable coloured silver sols having different morphologies. The procedure is based on the seed-mediated growth approach where methyl cellulose (MC) has been used as soft-template in the growth solution. Nanostructures of varying morphologies as well as colour of the silver sols are controlled by altering the concentration of citrate in the growth solution. Similar to the polymers in the solution, citrate ions also dynamically adsorbed on the growing silver nanoparticles and promote one (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) growth of nanoparticles. Silver nanostructures are characterized using UV–vis and HR-TEM spectroscopic study. Simulation of the UV–vis extinction spectra of our synthesized silver nanostructures has been carried out using discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method

Breaking the diffusion limit with super-hydrophobic delivery of molecules to plasmonic nanofocusing SERS structures

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