Frequency of Indian Health Insurance Claims Data using Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) Regression Models

The study focused on Indian health insurance claims using the ZIP model (Zero-Inflated Poisson) ZINB model (Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial) and Poisson regression analysis used for measuring the zero-Inflated count data. Frequency of claiming insurance modelled the regression analysis with gender priorities and the situations. The analysis consists of two basic situations based on frequency of claims and priorities of gender. To check the models whether fitted or valid using AIC and -2 Log – likelihood measures and Vuong test statistics to compare the fitted models. The ZIP and ZINB regression models suit for above mentioned situations, to compare the (females and males), secondly (females and males with others, transgenders

Conformal solids and holography

We argue that a $SO(d)$ magnetic monopole in an asymptotically AdS space-time is dual to a $d$-dimensional strongly coupled system in a solid state. In light of this, it would be remiss of us not to dub such a field configuration $solidon$. In the presence of mixed boundary conditions, a solidon spontaneously breaks translations (among many other symmetries) and gives rise to Goldstone excitations on the boundary$-$the phonons of the solid. We derive the quadratic action for the boundary phonons in the probe limit and show that, when the mixed boundary conditions preserve conformal symmetry, the longitudinal and transverse sound speeds are related to each other as expected from effective field theory arguments. We then include backreaction and calculate the free energy of the solidon for a particular choice of mixed boundary conditions, corresponding to a relevant multi-trace deformation of the boundary theory. We find such free energy to be lower than that of thermal AdS. This suggests that our solidon undergoes a solid-to-liquid first order phase transition by melting into a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole as the temperature is raised.Comment: 31 pages; v2: incorrect calculation in sec. 4 has been deleted; main results unchange

Multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diverse synthetic approaches, surface modifications, cytotoxicity towards biomedical and industrial applications

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) play a major role in the emerging fields of nanotechnology to facilitate rapid advancements in biomedical and industrial platforms. The superparamagnetic properties of MIONPs and their environment friendly synthetic methods with well-defined particle size have become indispensable to obtain their full potential in a variety of applications ranging from cellular to diverse areas of biomedical science. Thus, the broadened scope and need for MIONPs in their demanding fields of applications required to be highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of their state-of-the-art. Many synthetic methods, however, do not entirely abolish their undesired cytotoxic effects caused by free radical production and high iron dosage. In addition, the agglomeration of MIONPs has also been a major problem. To alleviate these issues, suitable surface modification strategies adaptive to MIONPs has been suggested not only for the effective cytotoxicity control but also to minimize their agglomeration. The surface modification using inorganic and organic polymeric materials would represent an efficient strategy to utilize the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of MIONPs in various human diseases including cancer. This review article elaborates the structural and magnetic properties of MIONPs, specifically magnetite, maghemite and hematite, followed by the important synthetic methods that can be exploited for biomedical approaches. The in vivo cytotoxic effects and the possible surface modifications employed to eliminate the cytotoxicity thereby enhancing the nanoparticle efficacy are also critically discussed. The roles and applications of surface modified MIONPs in medical and industrial platforms have been described for the benefits of global well-being.This work was supported by Department of Science and Technology Nano‑ mission, Government of India [Grant No. DST/NM/NB-2018/10(G)], Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, India [Grant No. YSS/2014/00026] and University Grants Commission, India [Grant No. F. 4-5(24-FRP)/2013(BSR)]. This article is a result of the project NORTE-010145-FEDER-000012, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Pro‑ gramme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work was also fnanced by FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project “Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distance between a native cofactor and a spin label in the reaction centre of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by a two-frequency pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance method and molecular dynamics simulation

Biological and Soft Matter Physic

Experimental demonstration of plasmon-plasmon scattering paves the way for electromagnetic wave-based digital logic concept

We report the experimental demonstration of plasmon-plasmon scattering at room temperature in the inversion layer of a patterned metal-oxide-semiconductor structure. This fundamental result paves the way for the development of plasmon-plasmon scattering logic, a revolutionary digital logic concept based on the generation, propagation, and manipulation of plasmons in an electron fluid, which was previously theoretically projected to exhibit femtojoule power dissipations and femtosecond switching speeds, while not demanding expensive nanometer-scale silicon (Si) technology fabrication processes for its implementation.Peer reviewe

Structure-function studies of the bHLH phosphorylation domain of TWIST1 in prostate cancer cells

The TWIST1 gene has diverse roles in development and pathologic diseases such as cancer. TWIST1 is a dimeric basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor existing as TWIST1-TWIST1 or TWIST1-E12/47. TWIST1 partner choice and DNA binding can be influenced during development by phosphorylation of Thr125 and Ser127 of the Thr-Gln-Ser (TQS) motif within the bHLH of TWIST1. The significance of these TWIST1 phosphorylation sites for metastasis is unknown. We created stable isogenic prostate cancer cell lines overexpressing TWIST1 wild-type, phospho-mutants, and tethered versions. We assessed these isogenic lines using assays that mimic stages of cancer metastasis. In vitro assays suggested the phospho-mimetic Twist1-DQD mutation could confer cellular properties associated with pro-metastatic behavior. The hypo-phosphorylation mimic Twist1-AQA mutation displayed reduced pro-metastatic activity compared to wild-type TWIST1 in vitro, suggesting that phosphorylation of the TWIST1 TQS motif was necessary for pro-metastatic functions. In vivo analysis demonstrates that the Twist1-AQA mutation exhibits reduced capacity to contribute to metastasis, whereas the expression of the Twist1-DQD mutation exhibits proficient metastatic potential. Tethered TWIST1-E12 heterodimers phenocopied the Twist1-DQD mutation for many in vitro assays, suggesting that TWIST1 phosphorylation may result in heterodimerization in prostate cancer cells. Lastly, the dual phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor BEZ235 strongly attenuated TWIST1-induced migration that was dependent on the TQS motif. TWIST1 TQS phosphorylation state determines the intensity of TWIST1-induced pro-metastatic ability in prostate cancer cells, which may be partly explained mechanistically by TWIST1 dimeric partner choice

Superparamagnetic colloids in viscous fluids

The influence of a magnetic field on the aggregation process of superparamagnetic colloids has been well known on short time for a few decades. However, the influence of important parameters, such as viscosity of the liquid, has received only little attention. Moreover, the equilibrium state reached after a long time is still challenging on some aspects. Indeed, recent experimental measurements show deviations from pure analytical models in extreme conditions. Furthermore, current simulations would require several years of computing time to reach equilibrium state under those conditions. In the present paper, we show how viscosity influences the characteristic time of the aggregation process, with experimental measurements in agreement with previous theories on transient behaviour. Afterwards, we performed numerical simulations on equivalent systems with lower viscosities. Below a critical value of viscosity, a transition to a new aggregation regime is observed and analysed. We noticed this result can be used to reduce the numerical simulation time from several orders of magnitude, without modifying the intrinsic physical behaviour of the particles. However, it also implies that, for high magnetic fields, granular gases could have a very different behaviour from colloidal liquids

High Strength Thermoplastic Bonding for Multi-channel, Multi-layer Lab-on-Chip Devices for Ocean and Environmental applications

A solvent vapour thermoplastic bonding process is reported which provides high-strength bonding of PMMA over a large area for multi-channel and multi-layer microfluidic devices with shallow high-resolution channel features. The bond process utilises a low-temperature vacuum thermal fusion step with prior exposure of the substrate to chloroform (CHCl3) vapour to reduce bond temperature to below the PMMA glass transition temperature. Peak tensile and shear bond strengths > 3 MPa were achieved for a typical channel depth reduction of 25 A mu m. The device-equivalent bond performance was evaluated for multiple layers and high-resolution channel features using double-side and single-side exposure of the bonding pieces. A single-sided exposure process was achieved which is suited to multi-layer bonding with channel alignment at the expense of greater depth loss and a reduction in peak bond strength. However, leak and burst tests demonstrate bond integrity up to at least 10 bar channel pressure over the full substrate area of 100 mm x 100 mm. The inclusion of metal tracks within the bond resulted in no loss of performance. The vertical wall integrity between channels was found to be compromised by solvent permeation for wall thicknesses of 100 A mu m which has implications for high-resolution serpentine structures. Bond strength is reduced considerably for multi-layer patterned substrates where features on each layer are not aligned, despite the presence of an intermediate blank substrate. Overall a high-performance bond process has been developed that has the potential to meet the stringent specifications for lab-on-chip deployment in harsh environmental conditions for applications such as deep ocean profiling

Development of Smart Number Writing Robotic Arm using Stochastic Gradient Decent Algorithm

Robotics and Neural Networks will play a major role in the future of manufacturing and automation process. Nowadays not many robotic systems are smart systems, in the sense that they operate on a predefined algorithm to do their task. This research focuses on a design and development of a robotic arm with a visual input. The robotic arm will perform its job with the help of visual aid. The system will analyze the input image upon which the decision to write a number using Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) algorithm. In a nutshell this research work shows how the neural network can be incorporated with robot arm control, which is a desired field of interest in development of smart robotic systems. This work presents where the robotic arm is incorporated together with a neural network to perform a task of writing numbers using vision