474 research outputs found
Multiple paternity in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher
In cooperative breeders, mature males may compete for fertilizations. In this study, we measured the degree of multiple paternity in a natural population of a cooperatively breeding fish. Neolamprologus pulcher (Perciformes: Cichlidae) is a highly social cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. We used highly variable microsatellite loci to survey 12 groups with an average number of 10.6 brood care helpers per group and a total of 43 offspring (mean 3.6 per brood). In 11 of 12 groups, all young were assigned to the dominant female. The dominant male sired all offspring in three groups, part of the offspring in four groups, and in five groups, he had no paternity at all. In total, 44.2% of young were not fathered by the current male territory owner. Multiple paternity was found in 5 of 12 broods (41.7 %), with 8 of 35 young (22.9 %) being sired by males other than the respective territory owners. This is an exceptionally high rate of extra-pair paternity among cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Neither helpers present in these territories during collection nor neighbouring males were unequivocally assigned to have sired these extra-pair young. However, behavioural observations suggest that male helpers may have produced these young before being expelled from the territory in response to this reproductive parasitism. We discuss these results in the light of reproductive skew theory, cooperative breeding in vertebrates and alternative reproductive tactics in fis
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°
Π Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ 131 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ, 20 ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ², 39 ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ, 50 ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², 6 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π», ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π», ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΠ Β«Π’Π ΠΒ», ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. .
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. .
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ .
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ: 1) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° 2011 β 2015 Π³Π³.; ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; 3) Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ (Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ). .
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ; ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ .
Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² 2016 Π³. .
ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΠΠ Β«Π’Π ΠΒ». .
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ/ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ 4 165 ΡΡΡ. ΡΡΠ±. Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄. .
Π Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ: ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.abstract
Final qualifying work includes 131 page, 20 figures, 39 tables, 50 sources used, 6 applications.
Keywords: personnel, human potential, rational use, adaptation, competence, PJSC "TRK" social responsibility of the company. .
The object of research is in: the rational use of human resources. .
Purpose - to examine the methods of enhancing the rational use of the human potential of the modern company.
The study carried out: 1) review of the activities of the company for 2011 - 2015 .; assessment of the current in the company personnel management and human resources of the company; 3) make proposals to improve the existing control system of the human potential of the company (with the calculation of the cost-effectiveness of the proposals). .
As a result of the study: made suggestions for the implementation of the personnel working in the periodic verification of competency of the system and improvement of work with the personnel reserve; calculated the savings from the implementation of the proposed activities.
Degree of implementation: planned application made by the results of the research proposals in the company's activity in 2016.
Field of application: personnel management and human potential in PJSC "TRK". .
Cost-effectiveness / value of the work: the sum of the savings will amount to 4165 thousand rubles.. in year. .
In the future: an application made on the results of the research proposals in the company's activities
Comparative properties of silica- and carbon black-reinforced natural rubber in the presence of epoxidized low molecular weight polymer
This work investigates the effect of epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubber (ELMWNR) in silica- and carbon black-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds on processing and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The ELMWNRs with different mol% epoxide content were prepared from depolymerization of epoxidized NR using periodic acid in latex state to have a molecular weight in a range of 50β000β60β000 g/mol. Their chemical structures and actual mol% of epoxide were analyzed by 1H NMR. The ELMWNRs were added to the filled NR compounds as compatibilizers at varying loadings from 0 to 15 phr. The addition of ELMWNR decreases compound viscosity and the Payne effect, that is, fillerβfiller interaction, of the silica-filled compound. In the silicaβsilane compound and the compound with 28 mol% epoxide (ELMWNR-28), the compound viscosities are comparable. The optimal mechanical properties of silica-filled vulcanizates are obtained at the ELMWNR-28 loading of 10 phr. In contrast, the addition of ELMWNR to a carbon black-filled compound shows only a plasticizing effect. The incorporation of ELMWNR into NR compounds introduces a second glass transition temperature and affects their dynamic mechanical properties. Higher epoxide contents lead to higher loss tangent values of the rubber vulcanizates in the range of the normal service temperature of a tir
Wetting and Minimal Surfaces
We study minimal surfaces which arise in wetting and capillarity phenomena.
Using conformal coordinates, we reduce the problem to a set of coupled boundary
equations for the contact line of the fluid surface, and then derive simple
diagrammatic rules to calculate the non-linear corrections to the Joanny-de
Gennes energy. We argue that perturbation theory is quasi-local, i.e. that all
geometric length scales of the fluid container decouple from the
short-wavelength deformations of the contact line. This is illustrated by a
calculation of the linearized interaction between contact lines on two opposite
parallel walls. We present a simple algorithm to compute the minimal surface
and its energy based on these ideas. We also point out the intriguing
singularities that arise in the Legendre transformation from the pure Dirichlet
to the mixed Dirichlet-Neumann problem.Comment: 22 page
Ohio Conservation Plan: Plains gartersnake, Thamnophis radix
This plan outlines strategies and methods used in an ongoing study initiated in 1999 to restore a selfsustaining population of the Plains gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) in Ohio. Restoring a self-sustaining population would require increases in the current population to where the ratios of T. radix to T. sirtalis are approximately 1:1 in multiple locations in Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area (KPWA). This ratio would be similar to what was seen earlier by Reichenbach and Dalrymple (1986) at one site in KPWA.
The plan was developed by a team of enthusiastic conservationists representing, the Division of Wildlife (ODW), the Columbus and Cleveland Zoos, Westerville North High School Field Study Class, Liberty University, Northern Illinois University, and the University of Tennessee. A thorough review of the plan will be made in 2012 with revisions and updates as needed
Actin cortex architecture regulates cell surface tension
Animal cell shape is largely determined by the cortex, a thin actin network underlying the plasma membrane in which myosin-driven stresses generate contractile tension. Tension gradients result in local contractions and drive cell deformations. Previous cortical tension regulation studies have focused on myosin motors. Here, we show that cortical actin network architecture is equally important. First, we observe that actin cortex thickness and tension are inversely correlated during cell-cycle progression. We then show that the actin filament length regulators CFL1, CAPZB and DIAPH1 regulate mitotic cortex thickness and find that both increasing and decreasing thickness decreases tension in mitosis. This suggests that the mitotic cortex is poised close to a tension maximum. Finally, using a computational model, we identify a physical mechanism by which maximum tension is achieved at intermediate actin filament lengths. Our results indicate that actin network architecture, alongside myosin activity, is key to cell surface tension regulation
Doubly connected minimal surfaces and extremal harmonic mappings
The concept of a conformal deformation has two natural extensions:
quasiconformal and harmonic mappings. Both classes do not preserve the
conformal type of the domain, however they cannot change it in an arbitrary
way. Doubly connected domains are where one first observes nontrivial conformal
invariants. Herbert Groetzsch and Johannes C. C. Nitsche addressed this issue
for quasiconformal and harmonic mappings, respectively. Combining these
concepts we obtain sharp estimates for quasiconformal harmonic mappings between
doubly connected domains. We then apply our results to the Cauchy problem for
minimal surfaces, also known as the Bjorling problem. Specifically, we obtain a
sharp estimate of the modulus of a doubly connected minimal surface that
evolves from its inner boundary with a given initial slope.Comment: 35 pages, 2 figures. Minor edits, references adde
PP/PP-HI/silica nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulation: Are silica clusters beneficial for space charge accumulation?
New potential High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cable insulation materials based on nanocomposites are developed in this study. The nanocomposites are produced by blending of polypropylene (PP), propylene-ethylene copolymer (PPβHI) and a modified fumed silica (A-silica) in a concentration of 1 and 2 wt %. The A-silica is successfully modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) via a solvent-free method, as proven by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and transmission electron microscope mapping. A-silica in the polymer matrix acts as a nucleating agent resulting in an increase of the crystallization temperature of the polymers and a smaller crystal size. Moreover, the silica addition modified the crystals morphology of the unfilled PP/PP-HI blend. The composite containing A-silica with 2 wt% contains bigger-size silica clusters than the composite filled with 1 wt%. The composite with the higher A-silica concentration shows lower space charge accumulation and a lower charge current value. Besides, much deeper traps and lower trap density are observed in the composite with 2 wt% A-silica addition compared to the one with a lower concentration. Surprisingly, the presence of silica clusters with dimensions of more than 200 nm exhibit a positive effect on reducing the space charge accumulation. However, the real cause of this improvement might be due to change of the electron distribution stemming from the amine-amine hydrogen bond formation, or the change of the chain mobility due to the presence of occluded polymer macromolecules constrained inside the high structure silica clusters. Both phenomena may lead to a higher energetic barrier of charge de-trapping, thus increasing the depth of the charge traps
Matrix stiffness controls lymphatic vessel formation through regulation of a GATA2-dependent transcriptional program
Tissue and vessel wall stiffening alters endothelial cell properties and contributes to vascular dysfunction. However, whether extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness impacts vascular development is not known. Here we show that matrix stiffness controls lymphatic vascular morphogenesis. Atomic force microscopy measurements in mouse embryos reveal that venous lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) progenitors experience a decrease in substrate stiffness upon migration out of the cardinal vein, which induces a GATA2-dependent transcriptional program required to form the first lymphatic vessels. Transcriptome analysis shows that LECs grown on a soft matrix exhibit increased GATA2 expression and a GATA2-dependent upregulation of genes involved in cell migration and lymphangiogenesis, including VEGFR3. Analyses of mouse models demonstrate a cell-autonomous function of GATA2 in regulating LEC responsiveness to VEGF-C and in controlling LEC migration and sprouting in vivo. Our study thus uncovers a mechanism by which ECM stiffness dictates the migratory behavior of LECs during early lymphatic development.Peer reviewe
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