Electromagnetic levitation system

Magnetism is a physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects. It is widely adopted in many spheres of our routine life. By using the effect of magnetism, it has become possible to create non-frictional bearings, contact-free shock absorbers and many things, which found their appliance in industrial usage. There are many great inventions connected with magnets, such as the train on the air cushion (Maglev train). Maglev stands for magnetic levitation, a principle that allows keeping an object in midair. This technology has a great potential, however there are always things, which need to be improved, for instance reduction of disturbance and lowering of the price

Implementation of the Semi Empirical Kinetic Soot Model within Chemistry Tabulation Framework for Efficient Emissions Predictions in Diesel Engines

Soot prediction for diesel engines is a very important aspect of internal combustion engine emissions research, especially nowadays with very strict emission norms. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is often used in this research and optimisation of CFD models in terms of a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency is essential. This is especially true in the industrial environment where good predictivity is necessary for engine optimisation, but computational power is limited. To investigate soot emissions for Diesel engines, in this work CFD is coupled with chemistry tabulation framework and semi-empirical soot model. The Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) combustion model precomputes chemistry using detailed calculations of the 0D homogeneous reactor and then stores the species mass fractions in the table, based on six look-up variables: pressure, temperature, mixture fraction, mixture fraction variance, progress variable and progress variable variance. Data is then retrieved during online CFD simulation, enabling fast execution times while keeping the accuracy of the direct chemistry calculation. In this work, the theory behind the model is discussed as well as implementation in commercial CFD code. Also, soot modelling in the framework of tabulated chemistry is investigated: mathematical model and implementation of the kinetic soot model on the tabulation side is described, and 0D simulation results are used for verification. Then, the model is validated using real-life engine geometry under different operating conditions, where better agreement with experimental measurements is achieved, compared to the standard implementation of the kinetic soot model on the CFD side

Theoretical prediction of perfect spin filtering at interfaces between close-packed surfaces of Ni or Co and graphite or graphene

The in-plane lattice constants of close-packed planes of fcc and hcp Ni and Co match that of graphite almost perfectly so that they share a common two dimensional reciprocal space. Their electronic structures are such that they overlap in this reciprocal space for one spin direction only allowing us to predict perfect spin filtering for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. First-principles calculations of the scattering matrix show that the spin filtering is quite insensitive to amounts of interface roughness and disorder which drastically influence the spin-filtering properties of conventional magnetic tunnel junctions or interfaces between transition metals and semiconductors. When a single graphene sheet is adsorbed on these open $d$-shell transition metal surfaces, its characteristic electronic structure, with topological singularities at the K points in the two dimensional Brillouin zone, is destroyed by the chemical bonding. Because graphene bonds only weakly to Cu which has no states at the Fermi energy at the K point for either spin, the electronic structure of graphene can be restored by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu while still preserving the ideal spin injection property.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

The pipeline oil pumping engineering based on the Plant Wide Control technology

This article provides recommendations for the use technology Plant Wide Control to control the pumping of oil through the pipeline. The proposed engineering using pipeline management in general (Pipe Wide Control) will reduce the loss of electric power at the expense of the balance of pumping stations located along the pipeline route

Objects Reconstruction By Compressive Sensing from Single-pixel Registrations Using DMD

Compressive sensing allows to reconstruct information from a number of sparse signals. Use of digital micromirror device (DMD) between object and single-pixel detector planes is example of sparse signals registration technique. Detection of illumination from the objects by a single-pixel detector using a DMD was modeled. Grayscale, binary and color object images were used as objects. By compressed sensing images obtained under various recording conditions were reconstructed. Obtained results were analyzed. Reconstruction quality estimations and processing times are given. Keywords: compressed sensing, single-pixel imaging, digital micromirror device, image quality

Synthesis and characterisation of nanocrystalline ZrN PVD coatings on AISI 430 stainless steel

The nanocrystalline films of zirconium nitride have been synthesized using ion-plasma vacuum-arc deposition technique in combination with high-frequency discharge (RF) on AISI 430 stainless steel at 150oC. Structure examinations X-ray fluorescent analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with microanalysis (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoidentation method – were performed to study phase and chemical composition, surface morphology, microstructure and nanohardness of coatings. The developed technology provided low-temperature coatings synthesis, minimized discharge breakdown decreasing formation of macroparticles (MPs) and allowed to deposit ZrN coatings with hardness variation 26.6…31.5 GPa. It was revealed that ZrN single-phase coatings of cubic modification with finecrystalline grains of 20 nm in size were formed

Graphite and graphene as perfect spin filters

Based upon the observations (i) that their in-plane lattice constants match almost perfectly and (ii) that their electronic structures overlap in reciprocal space for one spin direction only, we predict perfect spin filtering for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. The spin filtering is quite insensitive to roughness and disorder. The formation of a chemical bond between graphite and the open $d$-shell transition metals that might complicate or even prevent spin injection into a single graphene sheet can be simply prevented by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu while still preserving the ideal spin injection property

Anti-corrosion ceramic coatings on the surface of Nd-Fe-B repelling magnets

The results of vacuum-arc deposition of thin ZrO₂coatings to protect the surface of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets used as repelling devices in orthodontics are presented. The structure, phase composition and mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide films have been investigated by means of SEM, XRD, EDX, XRF and nanoindentation method. It was revealed the formation of polycrystalline ZrO₂ films of monoclinic modification with average grain size 25 nm. The influence of the ZrO₂ coating in terms of its barrier properties for corrosion in quasi-physiological 0.9 NaCl solution has been studied. Electrochemical measurements indicated good barrier properties of the coating on specimens in the physiological solution environment

The complex of emotional experiences, relevant manifestations of inspiration

The aim of the study is to investigate structure of emotional experiences, relevant manifestations of inspiration creative activities of students. Methods. The proposed methods of mathematical statistics (correlation analysis, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling) are applied. Results and scientific novelty. The use of factor analysis, multidimensional scaling allowed to reveal a consistent set of positive experiences of the students, the relevant experience of inspiration in creative activities. «Operational» rueful feelings dedicated by M. Chiksentmihaji («feeling of full involvement, and dilution in what you do», «feeling of concentration, perfect clarity of purpose, complete control and a feeling of total immersion in a job that does not require special efforts») and experiences of the «spiritual» nature, more appropriate to peaks experiences of A. Maslow («feeling of love for all existing, all life»; «a deep sense of self importance, the inner feeling of approval of self»; «feeling of unity with the whole world»; «acute perception of the beauty of the world of nature, “beautiful instant”»; «feeling of lightness, flowing») are included in this complex in accordance with the study results. The interrelation of degree of expressiveness of the given complex of experiences with inspiration experience is considered. Practical significance. The results of the study show structure of emotional experiences, relevant manifestations of inspiration. Research materials can be useful both to psychologists, and experts in the field of pedagogy of creative activityЦель исследования, основные результаты которого описаны в статье, – изучение структуры эмоциональных переживаний, связанных с проявлением вдохновения в творческой деятельности студентов вузов. Методика и методы. Авторами использовались методы математической статистики: корреляционный анализ, многомерное шкалирование, факторный анализ. Результаты и научная новизна. Выявлены составляющие комплекса переживаний студентов, соответствующие опыту вдохновения в творческой деятельности. В этот комплекс, согласно полученным в исследовании результатам, включены как «операциональные» переживания, выделенные М. Чиксентмихайи («чувство полного вовлечения, растворения в том, что вы делаете», «ощущение сосредоточенности, совершенной ясности цели, полного контроля над ситуацией», «чувство полного погружения в работу, не требующее специальных усилий»), так и переживания «духовного» характера, больше соответствующие пиковым переживаниям А. Маслоу («чувство любви ко всему существующему, всей жизни», «глубокое чувство своей значимости, внутреннее ощущение одобрения вас самих», «чувство близости ко всему, ощущение единства со всем миром», «обостренное восприятие красоты мира, природы, “прекрасного мгновения”», «ощущение легкости, парения»). Показана взаимосвязь степени выраженности данного комплекса переживаний с опытом вдохновения. Практическая значимость. Материалы публикации о структуре эмоциональных переживаний, сопровождающих проявления вдохновения в творческой деятельности, будут полезны как психологам, так и специалистам в области педагогики творческой деятельност