Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal- Jayakanthan's Expression in the Novel

In 1970, Jayakanthan authored the novel ‘Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal’, which won the Sahitya Academy Award for the year 1972. He was born in the year 1934 in an agricultural family in Manjakuppam, Cuddalore, Tennarkadu district. He has made a special place for himself in the world of literature. Every novelist creates work in his own style. Good diction should carry the reader to the end of the novel without boring them. The idiom that takes the readers like that is found in Jayakanthan's novel. The novel Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal is a sequel to the short story 'Agnipravesam'. As a sequel to this novel, he composed the novel 'Gangai Enge Pokiral'. But in the novels Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal and Gangai Enge Pokiral, he has used the language of people belonging to a particular race and a particular place. Jayakanthan has written considering the sentiments of the readers. Readers always belong to a certain period. Because he has to speak to the emotions of the audience, Jayakanthan's language in the novel Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal is a mixture of Tamil, English, Sanskrit and Chennai dialect

Vertical teaching principles: pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: The methodology of teaching is of three types. “Adhyapana” refers to “act of teaching” or the “teacher reads”.  “Adhyayan” is “self-learning” or the “student reads”. “Sambhasa” or “Tatva vidya” refer to “discussion”. Types of learning are again of three types: informative learning, formative learning and transformative learning. Informative learning produces experts. Formative learning produces professionals. Transformative learning in the context of health education produces leaders with global connection. Millers pyramid of competence evolves the steps in learning as knows, knows how, does and teaches how. The aim of the vertical integrated teaching programme on pregnancy induced hypertension was to enable students to comprehend and teach (sambhasa) pregnancy induced hypertension with firm and reinforced understanding of pathophysiology, biochemical markers, radiological predictors, pharmacotherapy and anesthetic consideration. Neonatal problems specific to pregnancy-induced hypertension were also discussed.Methods: Problem based and peer instruction approach was followed. The study was conducted as a one-day teaching-learning programme for final year students (168) of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India. All the basic sciences and their translation into clinical skills were explained pertaining to the problem of hypertension in pregnancy. Plenary discussion of each clinical case of hypertension and convulsion in pregnancy was done in a galaxy of experts from each department.The teaching faculty of the department of biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, radiology, general medicine, anesthesia and obstetrics and gynecology and neonatal medicine provided a learning module in the web forum of university website for the final year medical undergraduate students. The students were able to comprehend pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) from its basics and decide on the relevant clinical implications. A case based discussion was done with the constellation of experts from all disciplines of medicine. This was followed with mind mapping of concepts developed. Pretest and posttest helped the teaching faculty to assess the impact of knowledge generated. Feedback was obtained to improvise the existing teaching method sand develop new teaching tools.Results: The median, the 25th percentile, the 75th percentile and extreme values in pretest and posttest group were plotted using Sigma plot. An improvement in scores was observed.Conclusions: Vertical integration of medical disciplines helps medical students to understand a clinical problem in the light of basic sciences. The modules beginning with the pathophysiology of pregnancy induced hypertension and concluded with anesthetic considerations.  An elaborate module helps to translate an understanding of pharmaco therapeutics of hypertension in pregnancy. A well-trained medical student can help to reduce maternal mortality due to preeclampsia

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The Spiritual Expressions of Dhayumaanavar and Gunangudiyar in Paraparakkanni

Spiritual literature takes the foremost role in the history of literature. Spiritual literature has the tendency to impact our spirit and leads us afloat on the ocean of happiness. Every religion has been at certain points of time propounded by a teacher and later spread throughout the globe by their students. However some of the worship methods predate the era of literature. Islam is a religion that grew through the teachings of Nabi. Many saints have expressed the immense state of spiritual attainment by forsaking the material joys of the world through their songs. Many religions have used the Tamil language as a medium of expressing their ideology. All religions are unified by their emotive spirituality. Dhayumanavar and Gunangudiyar occupy a significant position in the history of literature. Eventhough their means to spirituality differs they express similar spiritual experiences. The purpose of this article is to research on the similarity observed in their mode of prayer and descriptions in each of their Paraparakkanni

பட்டினத்தார் பாடல்களில் சித்தாந்தக் கொள்கைகள்/Ideological Principles in Pattinathar Songs

The Siddhas are the ones who contribute to the well-being and development of human society. The Siddhas are those who did not live life for the sake of birth, but lived the life of the best and deserved the excellence of others. Those who condemn socially closed practices are revered as equals to the guru in enlightening the people. This article describes the life of Pattinathar Siddhar and the philosophical ideas he expressed in his songs, considering the service he rendered to the people. Who is God? How does he bless? His form, His Omnipotence, man's birth, his innate usefulness, and his attributes are realized through this study. This article also addresses the views of Pattinathar, who suggested that there is only one God who is inward all. He points out that one should live in a world free from conflict and the benevolence of good deeds that will bring the devoted one to the Lord in the form of Gnana as per the doctrines of the fourfold religion

Molecular insights into the phylogenetics of spiny lobsters of Gulf of Mannar marine biosphere reserve<i> </i>based on 28S rDNA

182-186Four spiny lobster species, Panulirus versicolor, P. ornatus, P. homarus and P. polyphagus, and a mud lobster Thenus orientalis were collected from the Gulf of Mannar marine biosphere reserve. Partial 28S rRNA gene sequences of the spiny lobsters were examined for their nucleotide diversity, pairwise genetic distances, transition/transversion rate and phylogenetic relationships. The spiny lobster species recorded higher transition over transversion; GC content was also higher as reported in many groups of animals. Pair-wise genetic distance analysis shows that all the spiny lobsters were distinctly distant from the outgroup species and had minimum distance among the ingroup species. A molecular phylogeny based on 28S rDNA D2 sequences indicates that the four species of Panulirus form a monophyletic group

Vertical teaching principles: pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: The methodology of teaching is of three types. and ldquo;Adhyapana and rdquo; refers to and ldquo;act of teaching and rdquo; or the and ldquo;teacher reads and rdquo;. and ldquo;Adhyayan and rdquo; is and ldquo;self-learning and rdquo; or the and ldquo;student reads and rdquo;. and ldquo;Sambhasa and rdquo; or and ldquo;Tatva vidya and rdquo; refer to and ldquo;discussion and rdquo;. Types of learning are again of three types: informative learning, formative learning and transformative learning. Informative learning produces experts. Formative learning produces professionals. Transformative learning in the context of health education produces leaders with global connection. Millers pyramid of competence evolves the steps in learning as knows, knows how, does and teaches how. The aim of the vertical integrated teaching programme on pregnancy induced hypertension was to enable students to comprehend and teach (sambhasa) pregnancy induced hypertension with firm and reinforced understanding of pathophysiology, biochemical markers, radiological predictors, pharmacotherapy and anesthetic consideration. Neonatal problems specific to pregnancy-induced hypertension were also discussed. Methods: Problem based and peer instruction approach was followed. The study was conducted as a one-day teaching-learning programme for final year students (168) of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India. All the basic sciences and their translation into clinical skills were explained pertaining to the problem of hypertension in pregnancy. Plenary discussion of each clinical case of hypertension and convulsion in pregnancy was done in a galaxy of experts from each department. The teaching faculty of the department of biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, radiology, general medicine, anesthesia and obstetrics and gynecology and neonatal medicine provided a learning module in the web forum of university website for the final year medical undergraduate students. The students were able to comprehend pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) from its basics and decide on the relevant clinical implications. A case based discussion was done with the constellation of experts from all disciplines of medicine. This was followed with mind mapping of concepts developed. Pretest and posttest helped the teaching faculty to assess the impact of knowledge generated. Feedback was obtained to improvise the existing teaching method sand develop new teaching tools. Results: The median, the 25th percentile, the 75th percentile and extreme values in pretest and posttest group were plotted using Sigma plot. An improvement in scores was observed. Conclusions: Vertical integration of medical disciplines helps medical students to understand a clinical problem in the light of basic sciences. The modules beginning with the pathophysiology of pregnancy induced hypertension and concluded with anesthetic considerations. An elaborate module helps to translate an understanding of pharmaco therapeutics of hypertension in pregnancy. A well-trained medical student can help to reduce maternal mortality due to preeclampsia. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016; 5(6.000): 1739-1743