New approach to detect seismic surface waves in 1Hz-sampled GPS time series

Recently, co-seismic seismic source characterization based on GPS measurements has been completed in near- and far-field with remarkable results. However, the accuracy of the ground displacement measurement inferred from GPS phase residuals is still depending of the distribution of satellites in the sky. We test here a method, based on the double difference (DD) computations of Line of Sight (LOS), that allows detecting 3D co-seismic ground shaking. The DD method is a quasi-analytically free of most of intrinsic errors affecting GPS measurements. The seismic waves presented in this study produced DD amplitudes 4 and 7 times stronger than the background noise. The method is benchmarked using the GEONET GPS stations recording the Hokkaido Earthquake (2003 September 25th, Mw = 8.3)

Thermochronometer record of central Andean Plateau growth, Bolivia (19.5°S)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94850/1/tect1973.pd

EMU and its Effects: The Case of Poland

Item does not contain fulltextSeminar on International Trade, Labor Markets, and Integration, 24 februari 1999Tartu, Estland : [S.n.]22 p

Economic Performance in Poland under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates Regimes

Item does not contain fulltextEconomic integration and convergence with the EU will become increasingly important for transition economies in Eastern Europe like Poland. In this paper, we address some issues of policy adjustment in Poland and interaction with the EU. To this end, we propose a stylised model of the small open economy in transition. The model has an underdeveloped financial market with less than perfect capital mobility, limited price flexibility, and a high degree of imports leakage. We focus on the effects of pursuing fiscal and monetary policies in Poland as well as the effects of integration and interaction with the EU under two polar types of exchange rate regimes - fixed and flexible

A CONTINUUM MODEL OF CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION ABOVE SUBDUCTION ZONES - APPLICATION TO THE ANDES AND THE AEGEAN

Large-scale continental tectonics of back arc (extensional) and Andean-type (compressional) environments are investigated by using the thin viscous sheet model to calculate the deformation within the continental lithosphere that is subjected to horizontal forces on its plate boundaries and to basal drag from the asthenospheric flow beneath. Calculations are compared with observations from the Andes and the Aegean; our results explain some of the features of the deformation in these regions that have heretofore not been explained by other models. Our model predicts that in a compressional environment a broad region of uplifted topography will tend to develop above a more steeply dipping slab (30°), rather than above a shallower slab (10°-15°); this is in accord with observations in the various segments of the central Andes. For an extensional environment, the model predicts that a zone of compression can develop near the trench and that extensional strain rate can increase with distance from the trench, as is observed in the Aegean. -from Author

Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida

Sea level rise (SLR) imposes an increasing flooding hazard on low-lying coastal communities due to higher exposure to high-tide conditions and storm surge. Additional coastal flooding hazard arises due to reduced effectiveness of gravity-based drainage systems to drain rainwater during heavy rain events. Over the past decade, several coastal communities along the US Atlantic coast have experienced an increasing rate of flooding events. In this study, we focus on the increasing flooding hazard in Miami Beach, Florida, which has caused severe property damage and significant disruptions to daily life. We evaluate the flooding frequency and its causes by analyzing tide and rain gauge records, media reports, insurance claims, and photo records from Miami Beach acquired during 1998-2013. Our analysis indicates that significant changes in flooding frequency occurred after 2006, in which rain-induced events increased by 33% and tide-induced events increased by more than 400%. We also analyzed tide gauge records from Southeast Florida and detected a decadal-scale accelerating rates of SLR. The average pre-2006 rate is 3 ± 2 mm/yr, similar to the global long-term rate of SLR, whereas after 2006 the average rate of SLR in Southeast Florida rose to 9 ± 4 mm/yr. Our results suggest that engineering solutions to SLR should rely on regional SLR rate projections and not only on the commonly used global SLR projections

Sea Level Rise

Sea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the local level, where variations can occur (e.g., due to changes in wind and ocean current patterns, and differences in vertical land motion rates). We present summaries of global sea level change over several time scales, ranging from the modern day to the geological records. Although we have confidence in estimates of the rate of global mean sea level change, determining from observations whether the rate is increasing, or accelerating, is more challenging. Over the next century, sea level change in Florida is expected to follow the global trend reasonably closely, but on shorter time scales and in different localities some variations are inevitable. We end with a discussion of the future sea level rise projections for Florida that should form the basis for efforts to plan adaptation strategies

Economic Performance in Poland under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates Regimes

Economic integration and convergence with the EU will become increasingly important for transition economies in Eastern Europe like Poland. In this paper, we address some issues of policy adjustment in Poland and interaction with the EU. To this end, we propose a stylised model of the small open economy in transition. The model has an underdeveloped financial market with less than perfect capital mobility, limited price flexibility, and a high degree of imports leakage. We focus on the effects of pursuing fiscal and monetary policies in Poland as well as the effects of integration and interaction with the EU under two polar types of exchange rate regimes - fixed and flexible