1,041 research outputs found
Applications of vortex gas models to tornadogenesis and maintenance
Processes related to the production of vorticity in the forward and rear
flank downdrafts and their interaction with the boundary layer are thought to
play a role in tornadogenesis. We argue that an inverse energy cascade is a
plausible mechanism for tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance and provide
supporting evidence which is both numerical and observational. We apply a
three-dimensional vortex gas model to supercritical vortices produced at the
surface boundary layer possibly due to interactions of vortices brought to the
surface by the rear flank downdraft and also to those related to the forward
flank downdraft. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional vortex gas models are
discussed, and the three-dimensional vortex gas model of Chorin, developed
further by Flandoli and Gubinelli, is proposed as a model for intense small-
scale subvortices found in tornadoes and in recent numerical studies by Orf et
al. In this paper, the smaller scales are represented by intense, supercritical
vortices, which transfer energy to the larger-scale tornadic flows (inverse
energy cascade). We address the formation of these vortices as a result of the
interaction of the flow with the surface and a boundary layer.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
REVIEW AND REALIGNMENT OF THE NAVY’S IN-SERVICE, CONVENTIONAL ORDNANCE LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN (NAVSUP AMMUNITION LOGISTICS CENTER)
The purpose of the research conducted was to identify the main contributing factor for inaccurate inventory validity within the ordnance community. Our research question addresses the current organizational structure of the ordnance supply chain and its overall effectiveness by evaluating the leading cause for discrepancies of inventory validity throughout the fleet. Our methods included gathering data from 12 months of overaged intransit messages, researching current organizational structures for ordnance stakeholders, and examining instructions governing supply chain processes.
Our results produced data which illustrated that on average $34.2M of ordnance was overaged and not accounted for each month. It was determined that the unaccounted ordnance is the number one cause of unfavorable inventory validity.
We recommend that by reorganizing the ordnance supply chain under one overarching command, inventory validity can be increased by creating positional authority from a singular source, eliminating competing interests and decreasing ambiguity from separate authorities. Additionally, realigning the command structure enables oversight for standardization of business practices within one streamlined organization.Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyLieutenant Commander, United States NavyLieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
Experimental exposure to urban and pink noise affects brain development and song learning in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata)
Recently, numerous studies have observed changes in bird vocalizations-especially song-in urban habitats. These changes are often interpreted as adaptive, since they increase the active space of the signal in its environment. However, the proximate mechanisms driving cross-generational changes in song are still unknown. We performed a captive experiment to identify whether noise experienced during development affects song learning and the development of song-control brain regions. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) were bred while exposed, or not exposed, to recorded traffic urban noise (Study 1) or pink noise (Study 2). We recorded the songs of male offspring and compared these to fathers\u27 songs. We also measured baseline corticosterone and measured the size of song-control brain regions when the males reached adulthood (Study 1 only). While male zebra finches tended to copy syllables accurately from tutors regardless of noise environment, syntax (the ordering of syllables within songs) was incorrectly copied affected by juveniles exposed to noise. Noise did not affect baseline corticosterone, but did affect the size of brain regions associated with song learning: these regions were smaller in males that had been had been exposed to recorded traffic urban noise in early development. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which noise affects behaviour, leading to potential population differences between wild animals occupying noisier urban environments compared with those in quieter habitats
Applications of a vortex gas models to tornadogenesis and maintenance
Processes related to the production of vorticity in the forward and rear flank downdrafts and their interaction with the boundary layer are thought to play a role in tornadogenesis. We argue that an inverse energy cascade is a plausible mechanism for tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance and provides supporting evidence which is both numerical and observational. We apply a three-dimensional vortex gas model to supercritical vortices produced at the surface boundary layer possibly due to interactions of vortices brought to the surface by the rear flank downdraft and also to those related to the forward flank downdraft. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional vortex gas models are discussed, and the three-dimensional vortex gas model of Chorin, developed further by Flandoli and Gubinelli, is proposed as a model for intense small-scale subvortices found in tornadoes and in recent numerical studies by Orf et al. In this paper, the smaller scales are represented by intense, supercritical vortices, which transfer energy to the larger-scale tornadic flows (inverse energy cascade). We address the formation of these vortices as a result of the interaction of the flow with the surface and a boundary layer
Interface Tension in Quenched QCD
We calculate the tension of the interface between the confined and
deconfined phases by the histogram method in SU(3) lattice gauge theory for
temporal extents of 4 and 6 using the recent high-statistics data by QCDPAX
collaboration. The results are and 0.0218(33) for
and 6, respectively. The ratio shows a scaling violation
similar to that already observed for the latent heat \latent. However, we
find that the physically interesting dimensionless combinations
(\sigma^{3}/\latent^2 T)^{1/2} and \sigma T/ \latent scale within the
statistical errors.Comment: 13 pages with 2 PostScript figures, LaTeX, CERN-TH.6798/93,
AZPH-TH/93-04, UTHEP-25
The Effects of Spatial Interpolation on a Novel, Dual-Doppler 3D Wind Retrieval Technique
Three-dimensional wind retrievals from ground-based Doppler radars have
played an important role in meteorological research and nowcasting over the
past four decades. However, in recent years, the proliferation of open-source
software and increased demands from applications such as convective
parameterizations in numerical weather prediction models has led to a renewed
interest in these analyses. In this study, we analyze how a major, yet
often-overlooked, error source effects the quality of retrieved 3D wind fields.
Namely, we investigate the effects of spatial interpolation, and show how the
common practice of pre-gridding radial velocity data can degrade the accuracy
of the results. Alternatively, we show that assimilating radar data directly at
their observation locations improves the retrieval of important dynamic
features such as the rear flank downdraft and mesocyclone within a simulated
supercell, while also reducing errors in vertical vorticity, horizontal
divergence, and all three velocity components.Comment: Revised version submitted to JTECH. Includes new section with a real
data cas
Experimental Exposure to Urban and Pink Noise Affects Brain Development and Song Learning in Zebra Finches (Taenopygia guttata)
Recently, numerous studies have observed changes in bird vocalizations—especially song—in urban habitats. These changes are often interpreted as adaptive, since they increase the active space of the signal in its environment. However, the proximate mechanisms driving cross-generational changes in song are still unknown. We performed a captive experiment to identify whether noise experienced during development affects song learning and the development of song-control brain regions. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) were bred while exposed, or not exposed, to recorded traffic urban noise (Study 1) or pink noise (Study 2). We recorded the songs of male offspring and compared these to fathers’ songs. We also measured baseline corticosterone and measured the size of song-control brain regions when the males reached adulthood (Study 1 only). While male zebra finches tended to copy syllables accurately from tutors regardless of noise environment, syntax (the ordering of syllables within songs) was incorrectly copied affected by juveniles exposed to noise. Noise did not affect baseline corticosterone, but did affect the size of brain regions associated with song learning: these regions were smaller in males that had been had been exposed to recorded traffic urban noise in early development. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which noise affects behaviour, leading to potential population differences between wild animals occupying noisier urban environments compared with those in quieter habitats
Trials
BACKGROUND: An international workshop on population health intervention research (PHIR) was organized to foster exchanges between experts from different disciplines and different fields. This paper aims to summarize the discussions around some of the issues addressed: (1) the place of theories in PHIR, (2) why theories can be useful, and (3) how to choose and use the most relevant of them in evaluating PHIR. METHODS: The workshop included formal presentations by participants and moderated discussions. An oral synthesis was produced by a rapporteur to validate, through an expert consensus, the key points of the discussion and the recommendations. All discussions were recorded and have been fully transcribed. RESULTS: The following recommendations were generated through a consensus in the workshop discussions: (i) The evaluation of interventions, like their development, could be improved through better use of theory. (ii) The referenced theory and framework must be clarified. (iii) An intervention theory should be developed by a partnership of researchers and practitioners. (iv) More use of social theory is recommended. (v) Frameworks and a common language are helpful in selecting and communicating a theory. (vi) Better reporting of interventions and theories is needed. CONCLUSION: Theory-driven interventions and evaluations are key in PHIR as they facilitate the understanding of mechanisms of change. There are many challenges in developing the most appropriate theories for interventions and evaluations. With the wealth of information now being generated, this subject is of increasing importance at many levels, including for public health policy. It is, therefore, timely to consider how to build on the experiences of many different disciplines to enable the development of better theories and facilitate evidence-based decisions
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