1,539 research outputs found
Moral hazard and the demand for health services: A matching estimator approach
We estimate the impact of extra health insurance coverage beyond a National Health System on the demand for several health services. Traditionally, the literature has tried to deal with the endogeneity of the private (extra) insurance decision by finding instrumental variables. Since a priori instrumental variables are hard to find we take a different approach. We focus on the most common health insurance plan in Portugal, ADSE, which is given to all civil servants and their dependents. We argue that this insurance is exogenous, i.e., not correlated with the beneficiaries’ health status. This identifying assumption allows us to estimate the impact of having ADSE coverage on the demand for three different health services using a matching estimator technique. The health services used are number of visits, number of blood and urine tests, and the probability of visiting a dentist. Results show large positive effects of ADSE coverage for number of visits and tests among the young (18–30 years old) but only the latter is statistically significantly different from zero. The effects represent 21.8% and 30% of the average number of visits and tests for the young. On the contrary, we find no evidence of moral hazard on the probability of visiting a dentist.Publicad
Moral hazard and the demand for health services: a matching estimator approach
We estimate the impact of health insurance coverage beyond National Health Insurance on the demand for several health services. Traditionally, the literature has tried to deal with the endogeneity of the private (extra) insurance decision by finding instrumental variables. Since a priori instrumental variables are hard to find we take a different approach. We focus on the most common health insurance plan in Portugal, ADSE, which is given to all civil servants and their dependants. We argue this insurance is exogenous i.e. not correlated with beneficiaries’ health status. This identifying assumption allows us to estimate the impact of having ADSE coverage on three different health services using a matching estimator technique. The health services used are: number of visits, number of blood and urine tests, and the probability of visiting a dentist. Results show large positive effects of ADSE for number of visits and tests among the young (18 to 30 years old) but only the latter is statistically significantly different from zero. The effects represent 21.8 and 30% of the average number of visits and tests for the young. On the contrary, we find no evidence of moral hazard on the probability of visiting a dentist
MORAL HAZARD AND THE DEMAND FOR HEALTH SERVICES: A MATCHING ESTIMATOR APPROACH
In this paper we estimate the impact of health insurance coverage beyond National Health Insurance on the demand for several health services. Traditionally, the literature has tried to deal with the endogeneity of the private (extra) insurance decision by finding instrumental variables. It is hard to think, however, of any variable that a priori would be a good instrument and, therefore, we take a different approach. We concentrate on the most common health insurance plan in the Portuguese Health Survey, (ADSE), which is given to all civil servants and their dependants. We argue that this insurance is exogenous for most people i.e. not correlated with their health status. Under this identifying assumption we estimate the impact of having ADSE coverage on three different health services using a matching estimator technique. The measures of demand for health services are number of visits, number of blood and urine tests, and the probability of visiting a dentist. Preliminary results show large effects of ADSE for number of visits and tests among the young (18 to 30 years old) but only for tests are these effects statistically significantly different from zero. The magnitude of the effects represent 21.8 and 30 percent of the average number of visits and tests for the young. On the contrary we find no evidence of moral hazard on the probability of visiting a dentist. Finally, we argue that there is evidence of a positive cumulative effect of ADSE over the years.
Moral hazard and the demand for health services: A matching estimator approach.
We estimate the impact of extra health insurance coverage beyond a National Health System on the demand for several health services. Traditionally, the literature has tried to deal with the endogeneity of the private (extra) insurance decision by finding instrumental variables. Since a priori instrumental variables are hard to find we take a different approach. We focus on the most common health insurance plan in Portugal, ADSE, which is given to all civil servants and their dependents. We argue that this insurance is exogenous, i.e., not correlated with the beneficiaries’ health status. This identifying assumption allows us to estimate the impact of having ADSE coverage on the demand for three different health services using a matching estimator technique. The health services used are number of visits, number of blood and urine tests, and the probability of visiting a dentist. Results show large positive effects of ADSE coverage for number of visits and tests among the young (18–30 years old) but only the latter is statistically significantly different from zero. The effects represent 21.8% and 30% of the average number of visits and tests for the young. On the contrary, we find no evidence of moral hazard on the probability of visiting a dentist.Demand for health services; Matching estimator; Moral hazard; Portuguese health system;
Turbulent shear layers in confining channels
We present a simple model for the development of shear layers between
parallel flows in confining channels. Such flows are important across a wide
range of topics from diffusers, nozzles and ducts to urban air flow and
geophysical fluid dynamics. The model approximates the flow in the shear layer
as a linear profile separating uniform-velocity streams. Both the channel
geometry and wall drag affect the development of the flow. The model shows good
agreement with both particle-image-velocimetry experiments and computational
turbulence modelling. The low computational cost of the model allows it to be
used for design purposes, which we demonstrate by investigating optimal
pressure recovery in diffusers with non-uniform inflow
Optical-NIR spectroscopy of the puzzling gamma-ray source 3FGL 1603.9-4903/PMN J1603-4904 with X-shooter
The Fermi/LAT instrument has detected about two thousands Extragalactic High
Energy (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray sources. One of the brightest is 3FGL
1603.9-4903, associated to the radio source PMN J1603-4904. Its nature is not
yet clear, it could be either a very peculiar BL Lac or a CSO (Compact
Symmetric Object) radio source, considered as the early stage of a radio
galaxy. The latter, if confirmed, would be the first detection in gamma-rays
for this class of objects. Recently a redshift z=0.18 +/- 0.01 has been claimed
on the basis of the detection of a single X-ray line at 5.44 +/- 0.05 keV
interpreted as a 6.4 keV (rest frame) fluorescent line. We aim to investigate
the nature of 3FGL 1603.9-4903/PMN J1603-4904 using optical to NIR
spectroscopy. We observed PMN J1603-4904 with the UV-NIR VLT/X-shooter
spectrograph for two hours. We extracted spectra in the VIS and NIR range that
we calibrated in flux and corrected for telluric absorption and we
systematically searched for absorption and emission features. The source was
detected starting from ~6300 Ang down to 24000 Ang with an intensity comparable
to the one of its 2MASS counterpart and a mostly featureless spectrum. The
continuum lacks absorption features and thus is non-stellar in origin and
likely non-thermal. On top of this spectrum we detected three emission lines
that we interpret as the Halpha-[NII] complex, the [SII] 6716,6731 doublet and
the [SIII] 9530 line, obtaining a redshift estimate of z= 0.2321 +/- 0.0004.
The equivalent width of the Halpha-[NII] complex implies that PMN J1603-4904
does not follow the observational definition of BL Lac, the line ratios suggest
that a LINER/Seyfert nucleus is powering the emission. This new redshift
measurement implies that the X-ray line previously detected should be
interpreted as a 6.7 keV line which is very peculiar.Comment: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Características hidráulicas y efecto del estrés hídrico en cuatro clones de Eucalyptus globulus Labill
Se estudió el efecto del déficit hídrico combinado
con altas temperaturas sobre la tasa de transpiración,
conductancia estomática y conductividad hidráulica
de tallo y raíces en planta de pequeño tamaño de
cuatro clones selectos de Eucalyptus globulus. Se
encontraron diferencias significativas entre clones en
los valores de la conductividad hidráulica de la parte
aérea por unidad de superficie foliar (Kshoot),
conductividad hidráulica específica (Ks) y
conductividad foliar (Kfoliar). Los menores valores
de Ks y Kfoliar se midieron en el clon que alcanzó el
menor crecimiento y menores valores de
conductancia estomática. El máximo crecimiento se
midió en el clon que alcanzó mayor valor de Kfoliar.
No se encontró una relación positiva entre los
valores de Kshoot y el crecimiento. El clon con
mayor sensibilidad estomática a las temperaturas
elevadas presentó valores altos de Kshoot, Ks y
Kfoliar. Este resultado demuestra que se debe
estudiar las “necesidades hidráulicas” de cada
genotipo para interpretar adecuadamente la relación
entre conductividad hidráulica, conductancia
estomática y tasa de transpiración.______________________________We examined the combined effect of water shortage
and high temperatures on the evapotranspiration
rate, stomatal conductance and hydraulic
conductivity of stems and roots in small-sized plants
of four selected Eucalyptus globulus clones and
found significant differences in hydraulic
conductivity of the aerial part per leaf area unit
(Kshoot), specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and leaf
conductivity (Kleaf) between clones. The smallest Ks
and Kleaf values were those for the clone exhibiting
the lowest growth and stomatal conduction. On the
other hand, the greatest Kleaf value was that for the
clone exhibiting the highest growth. No positive
correlation between Kshoot and growth was found in
any clone, however. The clone with the highest
stomatal sensitivity to high temperatures had large
Kshoot, Ks and Kleaf values. This result shows that
accurately interpreting the relationship between
hydraulic conductivity, stomatal conductance and
evapotranspiration in each genotype entails carefully
establishing its water requirements
Dynamic nozzles for drop generators
received: 2015-06-03 accepted: 2015-10-16 published: 2015-11-03received: 2015-06-03 accepted: 2015-10-16 published: 2015-11-03This work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant No. EP/H018913/1), the John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund, and the Royal Society
Atelier da rua: A participated street design process
Streets are key elements on the city urban structure. Despite the importance of this structural and living urban element, the contemporary Portuguese situation is characterized by the lack of investment in the realization, use and maintenance of many streets. Moreover it is noted the local authorities difficulties to deal with citizens everyday life problems within the street and to approach diffuse and weakened civic structures. These are some of the problems encountered in small and local scale architectural projects of the public space of the streets in Portugal. Participated project processes tackle these issues through the understanding of the existing problems and promoting new processes to face them.
This paper is done in the scope of the research of Atelier da Rua (Street Atelier) that is developed to meet contemporary needs of intervention in the street public space. The methodological hypothesis is to use the strategy of Atelier da Rua, a citizen participative process applied to propose effective design projects in order to improve community living and physical spaces. This paper aims to explore the combination of street intervention methodology of Atelier da Rua (Pita, 2014 b) and the values presented in the text A ladder of citizen participation written by Sherry Arnstein (1969), focusing in the particular issue of achieving “partnership” on the Atelier da Rua investigation and practice.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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