179 research outputs found
Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior for propanepartial oxidation of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts
[EN] Two sets of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally and heat-treated at 600 degrees C in N-2: (i) materials prepared from gels with Mo/V/Te/Ga atomic ratios of 1/0.60/0.17/x (x=0-0.12) (A-series) and (ii) materials prepared from gels with Mo/V/Te/Ga atomic ratios of 1/0.60-x/0.17/x (x=0.15 or 0.25) (B-series). In addition, a Ga-containing MoVTeO catalyst was also prepared from M1-containing MoVTeO material by impregnation with aqueous solution of gallium and heat-treated at 450 degrees C in N-2. Catalysts were characterized by means of powder XRD, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, NH3-TPD and XPS and tested in the partial oxidation of propane. The results showed that the addition of small amount of gallium significantly increase the selectivity to acrylic acid (AA) at low propane conversion. However, at high propane conversion, the selectivity to AA strongly depends on both the catalyst composition and the gallium incorporation method. The higher selectivity to acrylic acid over Ga-containing MoVTeO catalysts has been related to: (i) structural changes in the M1 phase by the incorporation of Ga3+ into the octahedral structural framework and/or (ii) incorporation of Ga3+ species on the catalyst surface thus modifying catalysts acid properties. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support from DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ2012-37925-C03-1 and Program Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0267) is gratefully acknowledged. EGG acknowledges finantial support through spanish project MAT2010-19837-C06-05 and the ICTS-Microscopia Electronica in Madrid for facilities.Hernández Morejudo, S.; Massó Ramírez, A.; García-González, E.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; López Nieto, JM. (2015). Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior for propanepartial oxidation of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General. 504:51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.12.039S516150
Chemical, Structural, and Morphological Changes of a MoVTeNb Catalyst during Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane
MoVTeNb mixed oxide, a highly active and
selective catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to
produce ethylene, exhibits the so-called M1 and M2 crystalline
phases. The thermal stability of the MoVTeNb catalytic system
was assessed under varying reaction conditions; to this end, the
catalyst was exposed to several reaction temperatures spanning
from 440 to 550 °C. Both the pristine and spent materials were
analyzed by several characterization techniques. The catalyst
was stable below 500 °C; a reaction temperature of ≥500 °C
brings about the removal of tellurium from the intercalated
framework channels of the M1 crystalline phase. Rietveld
refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and microscopy results showed that the tellurium loss causes the progressive partial
destruction of the M1 phase, thus decreasing the number of active sites and forming a MoO2 crystalline phase, which is inactive
for this reaction. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the MoO2 phase development as a function of reaction temperature. From highresolution
transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses it was noticed that tellurium
departure occurs preferentially from the end sides of the needlelike M1 crystals, across the [001] plane. Detailed analysis of a
solid deposited at the reactor outlet showrf that it consisted mainly of metallic tellurium, suggesting that the tellurium
detachment occurs via reduction of Te4+ to Te0 due to a combination of reaction temperature and feed composition. Thus, in
order to sustain the catalytic performance exhibited by MoVTeNb mixed oxide, hot spots along the reactor bed should be
avoided or controlled, maintaining the catalytic bed temperature below 500 °C.This work was financially supported by the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo.Valente, JS.; Armendariz-Herrera, H.; Quintana-Solorzano, R.; Del Angel, P.; Nava, N.; Masso Ramírez, A.; López Nieto, JM. (2014). Chemical, Structural, and Morphological Changes of a MoVTeNb Catalyst during Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane. ACS Catalysis. 4:1292-1301. doi:10.1021/cs500143jS12921301
Acoustic black holes: horizons, ergospheres, and Hawking radiation
It is a deceptively simple question to ask how acoustic disturbances
propagate in a non-homogeneous flowing fluid. This question can be answered by
invoking the language of Lorentzian differential geometry: If the fluid is
barotropic and inviscid, and the flow is irrotational (though possibly time
dependent), then the equation of motion for the velocity potential describing a
sound wave is identical to that for a minimally coupled massless scalar field
propagating in a (3+1)-dimensional Lorentzian geometry. The acoustic metric
governing the propagation of sound depends algebraically on the density, flow
velocity, and local speed of sound. This rather simple physical system is the
basis underlying a deep and fruitful analogy between the black holes of
Einstein gravity and supersonic fluid flows. Many results and definitions can
be carried over directly from one system to another. For example, I will show
how to define the ergosphere, trapped regions, acoustic apparent horizon, and
acoustic event horizon for a supersonic fluid flow, and will exhibit the close
relationship between the acoustic metric for the fluid flow surrounding a point
sink and the Painleve-Gullstrand form of the Schwarzschild metric for a black
hole. This analysis can be used either to provide a concrete non-relativistic
model for black hole physics, up to and including Hawking radiation, or to
provide a framework for attacking acoustics problems with the full power of
Lorentzian differential geometry.Comment: 34 pages, plain LaTeX. Revisions: Two references added. Minor changes
to the discussion of draining-bathtub geometries, and their relationship to
superfluid vortices and spinning cosmic string
Evaluating tacrolimus treatment in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in a cohort of 408 patients
Hypoglycemia and the Origin of Hypoxia-Induced Reduction in Human Fetal Growth
The most well known reproductive consequence of residence at high altitude (HA >2700 m) is reduction in fetal growth. Reduced fetoplacental oxygenation is an underlying cause of pregnancy pathologies, including intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, which are more common at HA. Therefore, altitude is a natural experimental model to study the etiology of pregnancy pathophysiologies. We have shown that the proximate cause of decreased fetal growth is not reduced oxygen availability, delivery, or consumption. We therefore asked whether glucose, the primary substrate for fetal growth, might be decreased and/or whether altered fetoplacental glucose metabolism might account for reduced fetal growth at HA.Doppler and ultrasound were used to measure maternal uterine and fetal umbilical blood flows in 69 and 58 residents of 400 vs 3600 m. Arterial and venous blood samples from mother and fetus were collected at elective cesarean delivery and analyzed for glucose, lactate and insulin. Maternal delivery and fetal uptakes for oxygen and glucose were calculated.The maternal arterial – venous glucose concentration difference was greater at HA. However, umbilical venous and arterial glucose concentrations were markedly decreased, resulting in lower glucose delivery at 3600 m. Fetal glucose consumption was reduced by >28%, but strongly correlated with glucose delivery, highlighting the relevance of glucose concentration to fetal uptake. At altitude, fetal lactate levels were increased, insulin concentrations decreased, and the expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter protein in the placental basal membrane was reduced.Our results support that preferential anaerobic consumption of glucose by the placenta at high altitude spares oxygen for fetal use, but limits glucose availability for fetal growth. Thus reduced fetal growth at high altitude is associated with fetal hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and a trend towards lactacidemia. Our data support that placentally-mediated reduction in glucose transport is an initiating factor for reduced fetal growth under conditions of chronic hypoxemia
A filtered convolution method for the computation of acoustic wave fields in very large spatiotemporal domains
The genomic landscape of balanced cytogenetic abnormalities associated with human congenital anomalies
Despite the clinical significance of balanced chromosomal abnormalities (BCAs), their characterization has largely been restricted to cytogenetic resolution. We explored the landscape of BCAs at nucleotide resolution in 273 subjects with a spectrum of congenital anomalies. Whole-genome sequencing revised 93% of karyotypes and demonstrated complexity that was cryptic to karyotyping in 21% of BCAs, highlighting the limitations of conventional cytogenetic approaches. At least 33.9% of BCAs resulted in gene disruption that likely contributed to the developmental phenotype, 5.2% were associated with pathogenic genomic imbalances, and 7.3% disrupted topologically associated domains (TADs) encompassing known syndromic loci. Remarkably, BCA breakpoints in eight subjects altered a single TAD encompassing MEF2C, a known driver of 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome, resulting in decreased MEF2C expression. We propose that sequence-level resolution dramatically improves prediction of clinical outcomes for balanced rearrangements and provides insight into new pathogenic mechanisms, such as altered regulation due to changes in chromosome topology
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The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible, and collaborative data analyses: 2024 update
YesGalaxy (https://galaxyproject.org) is deployed globally, predominantly through free-to-use services, supporting user-driven research that broadens in scope each year. Users are attracted to public Galaxy services by platform stability, tool and reference dataset diversity, training, support and integration, which enables complex, reproducible, shareable data analysis. Applying the principles of user experience design (UXD), has driven improvements in accessibility, tool discoverability through Galaxy Labs/subdomains, and a redesigned Galaxy ToolShed. Galaxy tool capabilities are progressing in two strategic directions: integrating general purpose graphical processing units (GPGPU) access for cutting-edge methods, and licensed tool support. Engagement with global research consortia is being increased by developing more workflows in Galaxy and by resourcing the public Galaxy services to run them. The Galaxy Training Network (GTN) portfolio has grown in both size, and accessibility, through learning paths and direct integration with Galaxy tools that feature in training courses. Code development continues in line with the Galaxy Project roadmap, with improvements to job scheduling and the user interface. Environmental impact assessment is also helping engage users and developers, reminding them of their role in sustainability, by displaying estimated CO2 emissions generated by each Galaxy job.NIH [U41 HG006620, U24 HG010263, U24 CA231877, U01 CA253481]; US National Science Foundation [1661497, 1758800, 2216612]; computational resources are provided by the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem (ACCESS-CI), Texas Advanced Computing Center, and the JetStream2 scientific cloud. Funding for open access charge: NIH. ELIXIR IS and Travel grants; EU Horizon Europe [HORIZON-INFRA-2021-EOSC-01-04, 101057388]; EU Horizon Europe under the Biodiversity, Circular Economy and Environment program (REA.B.3, BGE 101059492); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF [031 A538A de.NBI-RBC]; Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg (MWK) within the framework of LIBIS/de.NBI Freiburg. Galaxy Australia is supported by the Australian BioCommons which is funded through Australian Government NCRIS investments from Bioplatforms Australia and the Australian Research Data Commons, as well as investment from the Queensland Government RICF program.Please note, contributors are listed in alphabetical order
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