Penelitian Awal Penempatan Turbin Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut (Pltal) Dari Data Arus Dan Morfologi Dasar Laut Di Selat Boleng, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Distribusi kecepatan arus di Selat Boleng sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pasang surut, kedalaman dan bentukan morfologi dasar lautnya. Kecepatan arus bergradasi naik dari dangkal ke kedalaman yang lebih dalam. Dibagian selatan dan tengah selat distribusi kecepatan arus maksimum pada kedalaman laut antara 20 – 50 m, 50 – 100 m dan 100 – 180 m, masing-masing antara 0.5 – 2.0 m/det, 2.1 – 3.0 m/det dan di atas 3.0 m/det. Kecepatan arus maksimum terjadi pada saat kedudukan air pasang menuju pasang maksimum dan kedudukan air pada saat surut menuju surut minimum. Berdasarkan kedalaman laut, bentuk morfologi dasar laut dan distribusi kecepatan arus vertikal dan horizontalnya, maka lokasi penempatan turbin representatif adalah pada kedalaman 75 – 100 m yang terletak di sisi barat bagian selatan (area 1) dan tengah selat (area 2). Sedangkan di bagian utara selat (area 3) pada kedalaman 50 – 100 m. Kecepatan arus di lokasi ini pada saat pasang surut berkisar antara 1.5 – 3.1 m/dtk. Dari ketiga area ini paling representatif adalah area 2 dengan tipe turbin sistem pemberat (gravity base) dan turbin terapung. Kata kunci : pasang surut, kedalaman laut, morfologi dasar laut, kecepatan arus, lokasi turbin, Selat Boleng Current velocity distribution in the Strait of Boleng strongly influenced by tidal conditions, the depth of the sea and seabed morphology formation. Graded current velocity increased from shallow to deeper depths. In the southern and central strait at ocean depths between 20-50 m maximum current velocity distribution ranged from 0.5 - 2.0 m/s, depths 50-100 m maximum current velocity distribution ranged from 2.1 - 3.0 m/s and a depth of 100-180 m maximum current velocity distribution above 3.0 m/s. The maximum current velocity occurs when position of the flood toward the maximum flood and position of the ebb toward the minimum ebb. Based on the depth sea, seabed morphology and distribution of vertical and horizontal current velocity, the location of the turbine placement representative is on the west side of the strait at a depth 75-100 m, located in the southern part of the strait (area 1) and the middle of the strait (area 2). While in the northern part of the strait (area 3) at a depth of 50-100 m. Current velocity at the site in tidal conditions ranged from 1.5 - 3.1 m/sec. Of the three areas, the most representative area is the area 2 with a suitable turbine type is the type turbine with a ballast system (gravity base) and floating turbines. Keywords: tidal, depth sea, strait, current velocity, seabed morphology, turbine location, Boleng Strai

Kajian Identifikasi Infrastruktur Jaringan Pipa Migas Bawah Laut di Perairan Sebelah Utara Provinsi Banten

Keberadaan fasilitas infrastruktur pipa migas bawah laut di perairan utara Banten berkembang cukup pesat seiring dengan berkembangnya kegiatan industri yang berada di kawasan Propinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Barat. Mengingat kondisi lingkungan di sekitar perairan utara Banten cukup komplek, seperti adanya jalur sesar/patahan, seismisitas kegempaan yang cukup aktif, morfologi dasar laut yang tidak rata, keberadaan jaringan kabel bawah laut, kondisi hidrooseanografi yang cukup dinamis, kegiatan pelayaran yang sangat padat dan adanya kegiatan nelayan, menyebabkan potensi resiko untuk terjadinya kegagalan struktur pada jaringan pipa yang digelar di perairan utara Banten cukup besar. Potensi resiko lainnya adalah terkait dengan penggelaran pipa yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan standar dan aturan Perundangan yang berlaku. Pipa-pipa ini perlu ditertibkan karena posisi pipa-pipa ini sangat rawan untuk terjadinya kegagalan struktur. Beberapa potensi kegagalan struktur pada pipa migas bawah laut di perairan ini yang mungkin terjadi diantaranya adalah pipa tertimpa jangkar kapal, terseret jangkar kapal, terjadi bentang bebas (freespan), kegagalan akibat lelah (patigue) terjadi pembengkokan (buckling) dan terjadi pergeseran posisi pipa baik lateral maupun vertikal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukannya pengawasan terhadap keberadaan pipa migas bawah laut ini yang sesuai dengan aturan standar dan aturan Perundangan yang berlaku. Kata kunci : jaringan, pipa, infrastruktur, aturan, penggelaran The existence of gas pipeline on the sea bottom in the waters north of Banten has been developped rapidly in the course of the development activities located in the Provinces of Banten, Jakarta and West Java. The environmental conditions in waters arround the northen Jakarta are quite complex, such as the presence of fault zone, active seismicity, the morphology of the seabed is not flat, existence of submarine cable network, hydro-oceanography dynamic, highly dense shipping activity and the presence of fishing activity. These will cause the high potential risk for the occurence of structural failure in the pipeline that was held in the waters north of Banten. Another potential risk is associated with the pipeline deployment that is not in accordance with standard rules and regulations. These pipes need to be organized the right position because they are very prone to the structural failure. Some of the potential failure of the structure on oil and gas pipelines under the sea that may occur include crushed pipe anchor, dragged anchors, free spans, failure due to fatique occurred by bending and shifting in the position of the pipes either laterally or vertically. Therefore it is necessary for controlling the existence of oil and gas pipelines under the sea in accordance with standard rules and regulations. Keywords: networks, pipelines, infrastructure, rules, deployin

The homotopy type of the loops on (n−1)(n-1)-connected (2n+1)(2n+1)-manifolds

For $n\geq 2$ we compute the homotopy groups of $(n-1)$-connected closed manifolds of dimension $(2n+1)$. Away from the finite set of primes dividing the order of the torsion subgroup in homology, the $p$-local homotopy groups of $M$ are determined by the rank of the free Abelian part of the homology. Moreover, we show that these $p$-local homotopy groups can be expressed as a direct sum of $p$-local homotopy groups of spheres. The integral homotopy type of the loop space is also computed and shown to depend only on the rank of the free Abelian part and the torsion subgroup.Comment: Trends in Algebraic Topology and Related Topics, Trends Math., Birkhauser/Springer, 2018. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1510.0519

Dynamic correlations in an ordered c(2×\times2) lattice gas

We obtain the dynamic correlation function of two-dimensional lattice gas with nearest-neighbor repulsion in ordered c(2$\times$2) phase (antiferromagnetic ordering) under the condition of low concentration of structural defects. It is shown that displacements of defects of the ordered state are responsible for the particle number fluctuations in the probe area. The corresponding set of kinetic equations is derived and solved in linear approximation on the defect concentration. Three types of strongly correlated complex jumps are considered and their contribution to fluctuations is analysed. These are jumps of excess particles, vacancies and flip-flop jumps. The kinetic approach is more general than the one based on diffusion-like equations used in our previous papers. Thus, it becomes possible to adequately describe correlations of fluctuations at small times, where our previous theory fails to give correct results. Our new analytical results for fluctuations of particle number in the probe area agree well with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis.

Variation in body iron is associated with or causes diseases, including anaemia and iron overload. Here, we analyse genetic association data on biochemical markers of iron status from 11 European-population studies, with replication in eight additional cohorts (total up to 48,972 subjects). We find 11 genome-wide-significant (P<5 × 10(-8)) loci, some including known iron-related genes (HFE, SLC40A1, TF, TFR2, TFRC, TMPRSS6) and others novel (ABO, ARNTL, FADS2, NAT2, TEX14). SNPs at ARNTL, TF, and TFR2 affect iron markers in HFE C282Y homozygotes at risk for hemochromatosis. There is substantial overlap between our iron loci and loci affecting erythrocyte and lipid phenotypes. These results will facilitate investigation of the roles of iron in disease

Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Childhood and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms

Objective: To investigate the genetic architecture of internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Method: In 22 cohorts, multiple univariate genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed using repeated assessments of internalizing symptoms, in a total of 64,561 children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. Results were aggregated in meta-analyses that accounted for sample overlap, first using all available data, and then using subsets of measurements grouped by rater, age, and instrument. Results: The meta-analysis of overall internalizing symptoms (INToverall) detected no genome-wide significant hits and showed low single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (1.66%, 95% CI = 0.84-2.48%, n(effective) = 132,260). Stratified analyses indicated rater-based heterogeneity in genetic effects, with self-reported internalizing symptoms showing the highest heritability (5.63%, 95% CI = 3.08%-8.18%). The contribution of additive genetic effects on internalizing symptoms appeared to be stable over age, with overlapping estimates of SNP heritability from early childhood to adolescence. Genetic correlations were observed with adult anxiety, depression, and the well-being spectrum (vertical bar r(g)vertical bar > 0.70), as well as with insomnia, loneliness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and childhood aggression (range vertical bar r(g)vertical bar = 0.42-0.60), whereas there were no robust associations with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: Genetic correlations indicate that childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms share substantial genetic vulnerabilities with adult internalizing disorders and other childhood psychiatric traits, which could partially explain both the persistence of internalizing symptoms over time and the high comorbidity among childhood psychiatric traits. Reducing phenotypic heterogeneity in childhood samples will be key in paving the way to future GWAS success.Peer reviewe

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons. A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons. A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with approximately 1% lifetime risk globally. Large-scale schizophrenia genetic studies have reported primarily on European ancestry samples, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we report the largest study to date of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide-significant associations in 19 genetic loci. Common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects between East Asian and European ancestries (genetic correlation = 0.98 ± 0.03), indicating that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries identified 208 significant associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the sets of candidate causal variants in 44 loci. Polygenic risk scores had reduced performance when transferred across ancestries, highlighting the importance of including sufficient samples of major ancestral groups to ensure their generalizability across populations