Ahorro y crecimiento económico: evidencia empírica de causalidad para el período 1970-2002

El ahorro es un tema de discusión siempre presente en los diversos ámbitos académicos, políticos y sociales del país. Es así porque el ahorro es considerado un elemento esencial en el proceso de acumulación de capital y para el crecimiento económico. Tal fenómeno ejerce presión sobre el nivel de ahorro en el país y sobre la necesidad de recursos. Por ello, es clara la importancia de un estudio acerca del ahorro en Ecuador, de las cuales hay que identificar su comportamiento y su relación con otras variables para proponer medidas que impulsen el crecimiento económico. Así pues, la hipótesis fundamental de la presente investigación parte del hecho de que para generar mayor ahorro interno hay que incentivar el crecimiento económico como fuente sana de financiamiento. Por tanto, no se pude incrementar el ahorro interno sino no hay estabilidad económica. Esto significa que se debe hacer sostenible el crecimiento del PIB, fortalecer la balanza de pagos y estabilizar las tasas de interés. Para ello, se realiza un estudio econométrico de la causalidad entre el ahorro y el crecimiento económico de Ecuador, establecer los determinantes del ahorro interno y señalando las relaciones de largo plazo entre las variables

Page rank versus katz: is the centrality algorithm choice relevant to measure user influence in Twitter?

Microblogs, such as Twitter, have become an important socio-political analysis tool. One of the most important tasks in such analysis is the detection of relevant actors within a given topic through data mining, i.e., identifying who are the most influential participants discussing the topic. Even if there is no gold standard for such task, the adequacy of graph based centrality tools such as PageRank and Katz is well documented. In this paper, we present a case study based on a "London Riots'' Twitter database, where we show that Katz is not as adequate for the task of important actors detection since it fails to detect what we refer to as "indirect gloating'', the situation where an actor capitalizes on other actors referring to him.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Gestión del Área de Psicología Educativa en el Proyecto Unidad de Investigación, Psicodiagnóstico y Apoyo a la Inclusión

The link University - society as a response to the problems presented by the community, enables the creation, implementation and evaluation of projects for social benefit; boosting the contribution from academia, through research, to vulnerable groups in our environment. This article aims to describe the management model implemented by the area of educational psychology, as part of psychopedagogical evaluation, by the transdisciplinary project UDIPSAI, Catholic University of Cuenca, during the academic period September 2018-February 2019. The beneficiaries were, the educational community that involves children and / or adolescents with special educational needs associated or not with disability and who belong to the zonal coordination 6 of Ecuador; as well as the students of the Educational Psychology Career of the Academic Unit of Education of Catholic University of Cuenca. A descriptive research was carried out with a qualitative approach, the techniques to collect the data were: observation, documentary review and survey. Among the highlights, the detailed description of the management model introduced by the area of educational psychology in three phases: 1) preparation that involves four activities, 2) implementation that includes five activities, and 3) evaluation with five activities. In addition, the analysis of the opinions and recommendations of the university students on the activities carried out and the times established for their development. As relevant conclusion, it was identified that the management model provides meaningful learning experiences to students, this has been set up for four years of operation and the main reason to participate in this project is to know processes for supporting and interacting with children and adolescents with special educational needs.La vinculación con la sociedad como respuesta a los problemas presentados por la comunidad, permite la creación, implementación y evaluación de proyectos para beneficio social; impulsa la contribución de la academia, a través de la investigación, en grupos vulnerables de nuestro entorno. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el modelo de gestión implementado por el área de psicología educativa, como parte de la evaluación psicopedagógica, del proyecto transdisciplinario “Unidad de Investigación, Psicodiagnóstico y Apoyo a la Inclusión” (UDIPSAI), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, durante el período académico septiembre de 2018 a febrero de 2019. Los beneficiarios fueron, la comunidad educativa que involucra a niños y / o adolescentes con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas o no a la discapacidad y que pertenecen a la coordinación zonal 6 de Ecuador; así como los estudiantes de la Carrera de Psicología Educativa de la Unidad Académica de Educación de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo, las técnicas para recopilar los datos fueron: observación, revisión documental y encuesta. Entre los aspectos más destacados, la descripción detallada del modelo de gestión implementado por el área de psicología educativa en tres fases: 1) preparación que involucra cuatro actividades, 2) implementación que incluye cinco actividades y 3) evaluación con cinco actividades. Además, el análisis de las opiniones y recomendaciones de los universitarios sobre las actividades realizadas y los tiempos establecidos para su desarrollo. Entre las conclusiones identificamos que el modelo de gestión proporciona experiencias de aprendizaje significativas a los estudiantes, que este se ha configurado durante cuatro años de funcionamiento y que la principal razón para participar en este proyecto es conocer procesos de apoyo e interacción con niños, niñas y adolescentes con necesidades educativas especiales.&nbsp

Allocation of control resources for machine-to-machine and human-to-human communications over LTE/LTE-A networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm stands for virtually interconnected objects that are identifiable and equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. Services and applications over the IoT architecture can take benefit of the long-term evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), cellular networks to support machine-type communication (MTC). Moreover, it is paramount that MTC do not affect the services provided for traditional human-type communication (HTC). Although previous studies have evaluated the impact of the number of MTC devices on the quality of service (QoS) provided to HTC users, none have considered the joint effect of allocation of control resources and the LTE random-access (RA) procedure. In this paper, a novel scheme for resource allocation on the packet downlink (DL) control channel (PDCCH) is introduced. This scheme allows PDCCH scheduling algorithms to consider the resources consumed by the random-access procedure on both control and data channels when prioritizing control messages. Three PDCCH scheduling algorithms considering RA-related control messages are proposed. Moreover, the impact of MTC devices on QoS provisioning to HTC traffic is evaluated. Results derived via simulation show that the proposed PDCCH scheduling algorithms can improve the QoS provisioning and that MTC can strongly impact on QoS provisioning for real-time traffic.The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm stands for virtually interconnected objects that are identifiable and equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. Services and applications over the IoT architecture can take benefit of the long-33366377CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçãosem informaçã

Supramolecular associations between atypical oxidative phosphorylation complexes of Euglena gracilis

In vivo associations of respiratory complexes forming higher supramolecular structures are generally accepted nowadays. Supercomplexes (SC) built by complexes I, III and IV and the so-called respirasome (I/III2/IV) have been described in mitochondria from several model organisms (yeasts, mammals and green plants), but information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular associations between the complexes I, III, IV and V from the secondary photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis with an approach that involves the extraction with several mild detergents followed by native electrophoresis. Despite the presence of atypical subunit composition and additional structural domains described in Euglena complexes I, IV and V, canonical associations into III2/IV, III2/IV2 SCs and I/III2/IV respirasome were observed together with two oligomeric forms of the ATP synthase (V2 and V4). Among them, III2/IV SC could be observed by electron microscopy. The respirasome was further purified by two-step liquid chromatography and showed in-vitro oxygen consumption independent of the addition of external cytochrome c

Deriving High-Precision Radial Velocities

This chapter describes briefly the key aspects behind the derivation of precise radial velocities. I start by defining radial velocity precision in the context of astrophysics in general and exoplanet searches in particular. Next I discuss the different basic elements that constitute a spectrograph, and how these elements and overall technical choices impact on the derived radial velocity precision. Then I go on to discuss the different wavelength calibration and radial velocity calculation techniques, and how these are intimately related to the spectrograph's properties. I conclude by presenting some interesting examples of planets detected through radial velocity, and some of the new-generation instruments that will push the precision limit further.Comment: Lecture presented at the IVth Azores International Advanced School in Space Sciences on "Asteroseismology and Exoplanets: Listening to the Stars and Searching for New Worlds" (arXiv:1709.00645), which took place in Horta, Azores Islands, Portugal in July 201

The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXV. Planetary systems and stellar activity of the M dwarfs GJ 3293, GJ 3341, and GJ 3543

Context. Planetary companions of a fixed mass induce larger amplitude reflex motions around lower-mass stars, which helps make M dwarfs excellent targets for extra-solar planet searches. State of the art velocimeters with $\sim$1m/s stability can detect very low-mass planets out to the habitable zone of these stars. Low-mass, small, planets are abundant around M dwarfs, and most known potentially habitable planets orbit one of these cool stars. Aims. Our M-dwarf radial velocity monitoring with HARPS on the ESO 3.6m telescope at La Silla observatory makes a major contribution to this sample. Methods. We present here dense radial velocity (RV) time series for three M dwarfs observed over $\sim5$ years: GJ 3293 (0.42M$_\odot$), GJ 3341 (0.47M$_\odot$), and GJ 3543 (0.45M$_\odot$). We extract those RVs through minimum $\chi^2$ matching of each spectrum against a high S/N ratio stack of all observed spectra for the same star. We then vet potential orbital signals against several stellar activity indicators, to disentangle the Keplerian variations induced by planets from the spurious signals which result from rotational modulation of stellar surface inhomogeneities and from activity cycles. Results. Two Neptune-mass planets - $msin(i)=1.4\pm0.1$ and $1.3\pm0.1M_{nept}$ - orbit GJ 3293 with periods $P=30.60\pm0.02$ d and $P=123.98\pm0.38$ d, possibly together with a super-Earth - $msin(i)\sim7.9\pm1.4M_\oplus$ - with period $P=48.14\pm0.12\;d$. A super-Earth - $msin(i)\sim6.1M_\oplus$ - orbits GJ 3341 with $P=14.207\pm0.007\;d$. The RV variations of GJ 3543, on the other hand, reflect its stellar activity rather than planetary signals.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 19 pages, 12 figures, 7 table