Võrumaa Laulukarussell 2014

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2693312~S1*es

Jäätmepraktikate muutmine TÜ Lossi 36 õppehoones

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4417688~S1*es

Õpetajate arusaam säästva arengu dimensioonidest ning info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogiast säästva arengu osana käsitöötundides

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5364713*es

Üldise usalduse määra muutus Eestis aastatel 2004-2012

Käesolevas seminaritöös uuriti, kuidas on muutunud Eesti elanike üldise usalduse määr ajavahemikul 2004 kuni 2012. Analüüsid toetusid Euroopa Sotsiaaluuringu (ESS) viie erineva uurimislaine andmetele, mis on kõnealusel perioodil Eestis läbi viidud. Usalduse määra muutust kaheksa aasta jooksul vaadeldi lisaks Eesti elanike soo, vanuse, hariduse, koduse keele, elukoha ja tajutud sissetuleku lõikes. Tulemused näitasid, et aastatel 2004 kuni 2010 üldise usalduse määr Eestis järjepidevalt tõusis. 2012. aastal tegi aga üldise usalduse määr läbi suure languse, jõudes tagasi ligikaudu 2008. aasta tasemele. Uurides üldise usalduse määra muutust erinevate sotsiaalsete näitajate lõikes selgus, et üldine usalduse määr langes 2012. aastal ainult kodus peamiselt vene keelt rääkivate Eesti elanike seas, jäädes kodus peamiselt eesti keelt rääkivate Eesti elanike seas varasemate aastatega võrreldes samale tasemele. Oluliseks osutus ka ESS toimumisaasta ja tajutud sissetuleku koosmõju üldise usalduse määrale, kus võrreldes teiste vastajate kategooriatega erinevad uuritud ajaperioodi lõikes kõige enam nende inimeste vastused, kel enda hinnangul on „praeguse sissetuleku juures väga raske hakkama saada“. Analüüsides erinevate sotsiaalsete näitajate ja uuringu toimumisaasta koosmõju üldise usalduse määrale aastatel 2004 kuni 2012 selgus, et iseseisva ja statistiliselt olulise panuse usalduse määra ennustamisel andsid vastaja hinnang oma sissetulekule, haridus aastates, vanus, sugu, ESS uuringu toimumisaasta ja ESS uuringu toimumisaasta ja koduse keele koosmõju.http://www.ester.ee/record=b4431427~S1*es

Tarbimisrepresentatsioonid Eesti majandussurutise tingimustes: töökaotust kogenud ja mittekogenud Eesti perede võrdlus

Economic crisis has become an object of public attention in several countries in the world and in Estonia. Because of the economic downturn many households probably have been forced to change their consumptional habits. The aim of this Bachelor thesis “Economic crisis and consumption representations: comparison of families, who have and have not faced job loss” is to find out how Estonian families, who have not faced job loss give meaning to consumption in their families and in the society at large. Representations of consumption on the societal level have been compared with data gathered in Katrina Tuulik’s (2010) thesis which focuses on families, who have faced job loss. I assume, that the economic downturn has affected thinking about consumption, it also has influenced peoples’ consumption habits. The theoretical part of this study gives overview of different approaches concerning consumption. The author has mainly relied on the British consumer researcher Don Slaters’ work. In order to create the basis for analysis, the author has described influences and developments of Estonian consumer culture. In order to gather empirical data on the topic - in-depth interview research method enabled to find out people’s thoughts on consumption more profoundly. Pair interviews were conducted with five families, who have not faced job loss, four of those families live in Tartu and one familiy lives near Elva. Tuulik (2010) has conducted pair interviews with five families, who have faced job loss, four of those families live in Tartu and one family lives in Viljandi. Interviewee’s answers showed that families, who have not faced job loss think of consumption more as a general and social phenomenon. On the contrary, Katrina Tuulik’s results showed that families, who have faced job loss, see consumption more as a personal concern. The reason for the above mentioned findings can be that those families feel consumption and the enonomic crisis more personally due to their job loss and income decline experience. In-depth research method has enabled to shed light on families’ world of consumption, but due to the limited sample those results cannot be generalized to wider range of people. The objectives of this research have been achieved as all aswers to research questions have been found. There is a need for more studies in that research area, more precisely to concentrate on the same topic during the economic crisis as well as postrecession. Today it is a topic of wide concern in the Estonian society and worth more attention and current research may be the first insight into the field which may provide material for further research.http://www.ester.ee/record=b4037578~S1*es

Spice and medicinal garden

One of the keys to success for a public domain is the strength and clarity of its pedestrian connections. In this Malaysian waterfront precinct overlooking the Straits of Johor, the waterfront pedestrian promenade is connected back to the streets via a series of lush and unique garden spaces. These gardens offer clear pedestrian movement and will provide differing entry and exit sequences to the promenade. They are also transitional in terms of level change. The design of the landscape will help integrate the built form with the waterfront and will create a vibrant and safe open space where the landscape forms a tropical setting for the buildings and provides usable green space for the occupants. The arrangement provides landscape rooms for people to inhabit, travel through as well as an interesting landscape to look down upon from the adjacent buildings. The challenge in this master thesis has been to evolve the garden concept into the design of public space. The two gardens presented in this project both celebrate the botanic and culture of Malaysia and the design of the landscape reflects this. The overall planting concept is to create a bold, contemporary tropical landscape. Selected plant materials are predominantly Malaysian native species, with exotic species used in accent and contrast to this. The planting in the public domain will provide seasonal interest through texture, scents and colour. Each garden has a strong theme and concept which gives them a unique identity. The Spice Garden is a rich tapestry of colours, textures and fragrances celebrating the use of plants in Malaysian cuisine. The traditional kitchen garden grid has been skewed and folded and becomes a graphic composition of different types of planting and paving. The arrangement of hard and soft surfaces maximise pedestrian permeability through the garden, whilst also creating smaller shady places for people to sit and relax. The concept for the Medicinal Garden is an abstraction of Malaysian Tea plantations and focuses on species used in Malaysia for medicinal uses. The topography of the garden follows the rolling topography of plantations historically found in Malaysia. The different species of tea used in Malaysia culture are planted in amorphous forms, kept to a consistent height with spaces carved into the framework. While initially both gardens shared the same conditions, they have evolved greatly over the duration of the project to contrast each other in a way that both complements the other and creating differing experiences for the people who visit.samman fotgängarens förbindelser. I detta hamnområde vid Johor-sundet i Malaysia är hamnpromenaden kopplad tillbaka till gatorna genom en serie av frodiga och unika trädgårdar. Dessa trädgårdar erbjuder en tydlig rörelseriktning för fotgängare och erbjuder en varierande väg till och från hamnpromenaden. Trädgårdarna har en höjdskillnad med fall mot vattnet. Landskapets utformning hjälper till att integrera byggnaderna med hamnområdet och skapar ett levande och tryggt publikt rum där landskapet utgör en tropisk grund för byggnaderna och tillhandahåller en användbar utemiljö för den som befinner sig här. Utformningen erbjuder landskapsrum för människor att vistas i, färdas genom och dessutom ett intressant landskap att se ner på från intilliggande byggnader. Utmaningen i detta examensarbete har varit att utveckla trädgårdskonceptet i utformningen av offentliga rum. De två trädgårdarna som presenteras i detta arbete prisar båda Malaysias botanik och kultur och designen reflekterar detta. Det generella växtkonceptet är att skapa ett modernt tropiskt landskap. Det valda växtmaterialet är övervägande inhemska malaysiska arter med exotiska växter använda som kontrast för att betona dessa. Växterna i det publika rummet tillför intresse under säsongerna genom textur, doft och färg. Vardera av trädgårdarna har ett starkt tema och koncept som ger dem en unik identitet. Kryddträdgården är en rik väv av färger, texturer och dofter som hyllar användningen av växter i det malaysiska köket. Det traditionella rutsystemet i en köksträdgård har skiftats och vikts och utgör en grafisk sammansättning av olika typer av växter och markmaterial. Arrangemanget av hårda och mjuka ytor skapar största möjliga framkomlighet för fotgängare genom trädgården medan det också skapar små, skuggiga platser för människor att sitta och koppla av vid. Konceptet för medicinalträdgården är en abstrakt tolkning av de malaysiska teplantagen och fokuserar på växter som används i Malaysia i medicinskt syfte. Trädgårdens topografi följer den böljande topografin av planteringarna och de olika arter av te som används i Malaysia är planterade i oregelbundna former som hålls tillbaks till en jämn höjd. Platser är uthuggna ur strukturen. Medan de båda trädgårdarna i inledningen delade samma förutsättningar har de under projektets gång utvecklats till att kontrastera varandra på ett sätt som både kompletterar och skapar skilda upplevelser för besökaren

Natos intervention i Förbundsrepubliken Jugoslavien 1999, en argumentationsanalys

I denna empiriska undersökning analyserar vi argumenten som framkom i diskussionen före och under Natos intervention i Förbundsrepubliken Jugoslavien 1999. Som en bakgrund till vår analys beskriver vi det folkrättsliga regelverket samt två teoriskolor och deras syn på staten, internationella relationer och humanitär intervention. Vi genomför därefter en argumentationsanalys enligt Naess pro et contra-modell, där vi kategoriserar argumenten och bedömer deras beviskraft. Vid bedömningen av argumenten drar vi paralleller till folkrätten och till de olika teoriskolorna

Regional variations in Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide expression along the mouse intestinal tract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Enteric antimicrobial peptides secreted from Paneth cells, including α-defensins (in mice named cryptdins), are key effector molecules of innate immunity in the small intestine. The importance of Paneth cells α-defensins emerged from studies of enteric bacterial infection in genetically modified mice, as well as from recent studies linking reduced levels of these α-defensins to Crohn's disease localized to the ileum. However, analysis of expression of Paneth cell α-defensins is incomplete. We therefore performed a comprehensive evaluation of the distribution of antimicrobial molecules along the mouse small intestinal tract to identify potential variations in regional expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In conventionally reared mice, the repertoire of Paneth cell antimicrobials differs between duodenum and ileum. In contrast to the uniform expression of most Paneth cell antimicrobials, both cryptdin 4 and cryptdin-related sequences (CRS) 4C peptides were expressed at progressively increasing amounts (10¹- and 10⁴-fold, respectively) comparing duodenum and ileum. In tissues other than the small intestine, expression of CRS peptides was noted in thymus and caecum. Most Paneth cell products were also produced in the small intestine of germ-free mice at levels similar to those in controls, however CRS4C and RegIIIγ had reduced levels in the former (3- and 8-fold, respectively). No significant changes in expression levels of Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides was observed after oral challenge with either <it>Salmonella enterica </it>serovar typhimurium or <it>Listeria monocytogenes</it>, supporting current notions on the constitutive nature of this defensive system.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The repertoire of antimicrobial peptides changes along the small intestinal tract, and a subset of these molecules are up-regulated upon colonization, but not in response to enteric bacterial pathogens. The changes detected upon colonization suggest that Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides may play an important role in commensal microbial homeostasis, in addition to their proposed role in protection against infection. In addition, the differential expression of CRS4C along the small intestine suggests mechanisms of regulation that are distinct from other Paneth cell derived antimicrobial peptides.</p

The human cathelicidin hCAP-18 in serum of children with haemato-oncological diseases

The human cathelicidin hCAP-18 (pro-LL-37) is the pro-protein of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. hCAP-18 can be produced by many different cell types; bone marrow neutrophil precursors are the main source of hCAP-18 in the circulation. Neutrophil count is used as a marker for myelopoiesis but does not always reflect neutrophil production in the bone marrow, and thus additional markers are needed. In this study, we established the reference interval of serum hCAP-18 level in healthy children and compared serum hCAP-18 levels between different diagnostic groups of children with haemato-oncological diseases, at diagnosis. We found that children with diseases that impair myelopoiesis, such as acute leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome, presented with low hCAP-18 levels, whereas patients with non-haematological malignancies displayed serum hCAP-18 levels in the same range as healthy children. Children with chronic myeloid leukaemia presented with high circulating levels of hCAP-18, probably reflecting the high number of all differentiation stages of myeloid cells. We suggest that analysis of serum hCAP-18 provides additional information regarding myelopoiesis in children with haemato-oncological diseases, which may have future implications in assessment of myelopoiesis in clinical management.Peer reviewe

Developmental switch of intestinal antimicrobial peptide expression

Paneth cell–derived enteric antimicrobial peptides provide protection from intestinal infection and maintenance of enteric homeostasis. Paneth cells, however, evolve only after the neonatal period, and the antimicrobial mechanisms that protect the newborn intestine are ill defined. Using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistology, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we analyzed the antimicrobial repertoire in intestinal epithelial cells during postnatal development. Surprisingly, constitutive expression of the cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) was observed, and the processed, antimicrobially active form was identified in neonatal epithelium. Peptide synthesis was limited to the first two weeks after birth and gradually disappeared with the onset of increased stem cell proliferation and epithelial cell migration along the crypt–villus axis. CRAMP conferred significant protection from intestinal bacterial growth of the newborn enteric pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Thus, we describe the first example of a complete developmental switch in innate immune effector expression and anatomical distribution. Epithelial CRAMP expression might contribute to bacterial colonization and the establishment of gut homeostasis, and provide protection from enteric infection during the postnatal period